KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:nle00010 nle01200 nle01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:nle00010 nle01200 nle01230 nle01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:nle00010 nle00020 nle01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:nle00010 nle00020 nle00620 nle00785 nle01200 nle01210 nle01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:nle00020 nle01200 nle01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:nle00020 nle01200 nle01210 nle01230 nle01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:nle00020 nle01200 nle01210 nle01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:nle00030 nle01200 nle01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:nle00030 nle01200 nle01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:nle00030 nle01200 nle01230 nle01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:nle00030 nle00230 nle01200 nle01230 nle01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:nle00040 nle01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:nle00052 nle01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:nle00500 nle01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:nle00500 nle01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:nle00520 nle01250 nle01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:nle00520 nle00052 nle01250 nle01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:nle00520 nle01250 nle01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:nle00280 nle00630 nle00640 nle01200 nle01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:nle00562 nle01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:nle00562 nle01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:nle00562 nle01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:nle00190 nle01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:nle00190 nle01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:nle00190 nle01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:nle00190 nle01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:nle00190 nle01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:nle00190 nle01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:nle00190 nle01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:nle00190 nle01100]
M00158 F-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:nle00190 nle01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:nle00190 nle01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:nle00061 nle01212 nle01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:nle00061 nle01212 nle01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:nle00061 nle01212 nle01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:nle00062 nle01212 nle01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:nle00062 nle01040 nle01212 nle01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:nle00061 nle00071 nle01212 nle01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:nle00071 nle01212 nle01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:nle01040 nle01212 nle01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:nle00100 nle01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:nle00100 nle01100]
M00104 Bile acid biosynthesis, cholesterol => cholate/chenodeoxycholate [PATH:nle00120 nle01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:nle00120 nle01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:nle00120 nle01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:nle00140 nle01100]
M00108 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => corticosterone/aldosterone [PATH:nle00140 nle01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:nle00140 nle01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:nle00140 nle01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:nle00140 nle01100]
M00977 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis (androgen backdoor pathway), pregnenolone => androsterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:nle00140 nle01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:nle00561 nle01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:nle00561 nle01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:nle00564 nle01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:nle00564 nle01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:nle00564 nle01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:nle00600 nle01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:nle00600 nle01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:nle00600 nle00565 nle01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:nle00600 nle01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:nle00600 nle01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:nle00230 nle01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:nle00230 nle01232 nle01240 nle01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:nle00230 nle01232 nle01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:nle00230 nle00240 nle01232 nle01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:nle00230 nle01232 nle01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:nle00230 nle01232 nle01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:nle00240 nle01240 nle01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:nle00240 nle01232 nle01240 nle01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:nle00240 nle01232 nle01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:nle00240 nle00410 nle00770 nle01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:nle00260 nle01200 nle01230 nle01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:nle00260 nle00630 nle00785 nle01200 nle01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:nle00260 nle01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:nle00260 nle01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:nle00260 nle00270 nle01230 nle01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:nle00270 nle01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:nle00270 nle01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:nle00280 nle01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:nle00310 nle01210 nle01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:nle00220 nle01230 nle01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:nle00220 nle01230 nle01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:nle00330 nle01230 nle01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:nle00330 nle01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:nle00330 nle01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:nle00330 nle00260 nle01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:nle00330 nle01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:nle00330 nle01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:nle00340 nle01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:nle00350 nle01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:nle00350 nle01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:nle00350 nle01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:nle00380 nle01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:nle00380 nle01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:nle00250 nle00650 nle01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:nle00480 nle01240 nle01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:nle00510 nle01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:nle00510 nle01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:nle00510 nle01100]
M00056 O-glycan biosynthesis, mucin type core [PATH:nle00512 nle01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:nle00515 nle01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:nle00563 nle01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:nle00601 nle01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:nle00601 nle01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:nle00603 nle01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:nle00604 nle01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:nle00532 nle00534 nle01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:nle00532 nle01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:nle00534 nle01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:nle00531 nle01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:nle00531 nle01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:nle00531 nle01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:nle00531 nle01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:nle00380 nle00760 nle01240 nle01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:nle00770 nle01240 nle01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:nle00785 nle01240 nle01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:nle00785 nle01240 nle01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:nle00790 nle01240 nle01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:nle00790 nle01240 nle01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:nle00670 nle01240 nle01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:nle00860 nle01240 nle01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:nle00130 nle01240 nle01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:nle00900 nle01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:nle00900 nle01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity