KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:nsy00010 nsy01200 nsy01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:nsy00010 nsy01200 nsy01230 nsy01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:nsy00010 nsy00020 nsy01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:nsy00010 nsy00020 nsy00620 nsy00785 nsy01200 nsy01210 nsy01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:nsy00020 nsy01200 nsy01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:nsy00020 nsy01200 nsy01210 nsy01230 nsy01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:nsy00020 nsy01200 nsy01210 nsy01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:nsy00030 nsy01200 nsy01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:nsy00030 nsy01200 nsy01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:nsy00030 nsy01200 nsy01230 nsy01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:nsy00030 nsy00230 nsy01200 nsy01230 nsy01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00081 Pectin degradation [PATH:nsy00040 nsy01100]
M00114 Ascorbate biosynthesis, plants, fructose-6P => ascorbate [PATH:nsy00051 nsy00053 nsy01240 nsy01100 nsy01110]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:nsy00500 nsy01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:nsy00520 nsy01250 nsy01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:nsy00520 nsy01250 nsy01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:nsy00630 nsy01200 nsy01100 nsy01110]
M00532 Photorespiration [PATH:nsy00630 nsy01200 nsy01100 nsy01110]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:nsy00562 nsy01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00165 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) [PATH:nsy00710 nsy01200 nsy01100]
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:nsy00620 nsy00710 nsy01200 nsy01100]
M00169 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), light [PATH:nsy00620 nsy00710 nsy01200 nsy01100]
M00172 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NADP - malic enzyme type [PATH:nsy00620 nsy00710 nsy01200 nsy01100]
M00171 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NAD - malic enzyme type [PATH:nsy00710 nsy01200 nsy01100]
M00170 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase type [PATH:nsy00710 nsy01200 nsy01100]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:nsy00910 nsy01100]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:nsy00920 nsy01100]

Photosynthesis
M00161 Photosystem II [PATH:nsy00195 nsy01100]
M00163 Photosystem I [PATH:nsy00195 nsy01100]

ATP synthesis
M00145 NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, chloroplasts and cyanobacteria [PATH:nsy00190 nsy01100]
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:nsy00190 nsy01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:nsy00190 nsy01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:nsy00190 nsy01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:nsy00190 nsy01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:nsy00190 nsy00195 nsy01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:nsy00061 nsy01212 nsy01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:nsy00061 nsy01212 nsy01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:nsy00062 nsy01040 nsy01212 nsy01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:nsy00061 nsy00071 nsy01212 nsy01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:nsy00071 nsy01212 nsy01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00917 Phytosterol biosynthesis, squalene 2,3-epoxide => campesterol/sitosterol [PATH:nsy00100 nsy01100 nsy01110]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:nsy00561 nsy01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:nsy00561 nsy01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:nsy00564 nsy01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:nsy00600 nsy01100]
M00113 Jasmonic acid biosynthesis [PATH:nsy00592 nsy01100 nsy01110]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:nsy00230 nsy01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:nsy00230 nsy01232 nsy01240 nsy01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:nsy00230 nsy01232 nsy01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:nsy00230 nsy00240 nsy01232 nsy01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:nsy00240 nsy01232 nsy01240 nsy01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:nsy00240 nsy01232 nsy01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:nsy00240 nsy00410 nsy00770 nsy01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:nsy00260 nsy01200 nsy01230 nsy01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:nsy00260 nsy01230 nsy01100 nsy01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:nsy00260 nsy00630 nsy00785 nsy01200 nsy01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:nsy00260 nsy01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:nsy00270 nsy00920 nsy01200 nsy01230 nsy01100 nsy01110]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:nsy00270 nsy01100]
M00368 Ethylene biosynthesis, methionine => ethylene [PATH:nsy00270 nsy01100 nsy01110]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:nsy00290 nsy00770 nsy01210 nsy01230 nsy01100 nsy01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:nsy00290 nsy01230 nsy01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:nsy00290 nsy01210 nsy01230 nsy01100 nsy01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:nsy00280 nsy01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:nsy00300 nsy01230 nsy01100 nsy01110]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:nsy00220 nsy01210 nsy01230 nsy01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:nsy00220 nsy01230 nsy01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:nsy00330 nsy01230 nsy01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:nsy00330 nsy01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:nsy00330 nsy01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:nsy00330 nsy01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:nsy00340 nsy01230 nsy01100 nsy01110]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:nsy00400 nsy01230 nsy01100 nsy01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:nsy00400 nsy01230 nsy01100 nsy01110]
M00910 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => phenylalanine [PATH:nsy00400 nsy01230 nsy01100 nsy01110]
M00040 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => tyrosine [PATH:nsy00400 nsy01230 nsy01100 nsy01110]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:nsy00350 nsy01100]
M00936 Melatonin biosynthesis, plants, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:nsy00380 nsy01100 nsy01110]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:nsy00250 nsy00650 nsy01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:nsy00480 nsy01240 nsy01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:nsy00510 nsy01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:nsy00510 nsy01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00897 Thiamine biosynthesis, plants, AIR (+ NAD+) => TMP/thiamine/TPP [PATH:nsy00730 nsy01240 nsy01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:nsy00730 nsy01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:nsy00740 nsy01240 nsy01100 nsy01110]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:nsy00750 nsy01240 nsy01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:nsy00760 nsy01240 nsy01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:nsy00770 nsy01240 nsy01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:nsy00780 nsy01240 nsy01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:nsy00785 nsy01240 nsy01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:nsy00785 nsy01240 nsy01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:nsy00790 nsy00670 nsy01240 nsy01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:nsy00790 nsy01240 nsy01100]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:nsy00860 nsy01240 nsy01100 nsy01110]
M00932 Phylloquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ phytyl-PP) => phylloquinol [PATH:nsy00130 nsy01240 nsy01100 nsy01110]
M00112 Tocopherol/tocotorienol biosynthesis, homogentisate + phytyl/geranylgeranyl-PP => tocopherol/tocotorienol [PATH:nsy00130 nsy01240 nsy01100 nsy01110]
M00933 Plastoquinone biosynthesis, homogentisate + solanesyl-PP => plastoquinol [PATH:nsy00130 nsy01240 nsy01100 nsy01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:nsy00900 nsy01100 nsy01110]
M00366 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, plants [PATH:nsy00900 nsy01100 nsy01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
M00097 beta-Carotene biosynthesis, GGAP => beta-carotene [PATH:nsy00906 nsy01100 nsy01110]
M00372 Abscisic acid biosynthesis, beta-carotene => abscisic acid [PATH:nsy00906 nsy01100 nsy01110]
M00371 Castasterone biosynthesis, campesterol => castasterone [PATH:nsy00905 nsy01100 nsy01110]
M00927 Gibberellin A12 biosynthesis, GAPP => GA12 [PATH:nsy00904 nsy01100 nsy01110]
M00928 Gibberellin A4/A1 biosynthesis, GA12/GA53 => GA4/GA1 [PATH:nsy00904 nsy01100 nsy01110]

Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
M00039 Monolignol biosynthesis, phenylalanine/tyrosine => monolignol [PATH:nsy00940 nsy01100 nsy01110]
M00137 Flavanone biosynthesis, phenylalanine => naringenin [PATH:nsy00940 nsy00941 nsy01100 nsy01110]
M00138 Flavonoid biosynthesis, naringenin => pelargonidin [PATH:nsy00941 nsy01100 nsy01110]

Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00611 Oxygenic photosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria
M00615 Nitrate assimilation