KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:oaa00010 oaa01200 oaa01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:oaa00010 oaa01200 oaa01230 oaa01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:oaa00010 oaa00020 oaa01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:oaa00010 oaa00020 oaa00620 oaa00785 oaa01200 oaa01210 oaa01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:oaa00020 oaa01200 oaa01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:oaa00020 oaa01200 oaa01210 oaa01230 oaa01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:oaa00020 oaa01200 oaa01210 oaa01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:oaa00030 oaa01200 oaa01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:oaa00030 oaa01200 oaa01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:oaa00030 oaa01200 oaa01230 oaa01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:oaa00030 oaa00230 oaa01200 oaa01230 oaa01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:oaa00040 oaa01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:oaa00052 oaa01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:oaa00040 oaa00053 oaa01240 oaa01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:oaa00500 oaa01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:oaa00500 oaa01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:oaa00280 oaa00630 oaa00640 oaa01200 oaa01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:oaa00562 oaa01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:oaa00562 oaa01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:oaa00562 oaa01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:oaa00190 oaa01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:oaa00190 oaa01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:oaa00190 oaa01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:oaa00190 oaa01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:oaa00190 oaa01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:oaa00190 oaa01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:oaa00190 oaa01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:oaa00190 oaa01100]
M00158 F-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:oaa00190 oaa01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:oaa00190 oaa01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:oaa00061 oaa01212 oaa01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:oaa00061 oaa01212 oaa01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:oaa00062 oaa01212 oaa01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:oaa00062 oaa01040 oaa01212 oaa01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:oaa00061 oaa00071 oaa01212 oaa01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:oaa00071 oaa01212 oaa01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:oaa01040 oaa01212 oaa01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:oaa00100 oaa01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:oaa00100 oaa01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:oaa00120 oaa01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:oaa00120 oaa01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:oaa00140 oaa01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:oaa00140 oaa01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:oaa00140 oaa01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:oaa00140 oaa01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:oaa00561 oaa01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:oaa00561 oaa01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:oaa00564 oaa01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:oaa00564 oaa01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:oaa00564 oaa01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:oaa00600 oaa01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:oaa00600 oaa01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:oaa00600 oaa00565 oaa01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:oaa00600 oaa01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:oaa00600 oaa01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:oaa00230 oaa01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:oaa00230 oaa01232 oaa01240 oaa01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:oaa00230 oaa01232 oaa01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:oaa00230 oaa00240 oaa01232 oaa01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:oaa00230 oaa01232 oaa01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:oaa00230 oaa01232 oaa01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:oaa00230 oaa01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:oaa00240 oaa01240 oaa01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:oaa00240 oaa01232 oaa01240 oaa01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:oaa00240 oaa01232 oaa01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:oaa00240 oaa00410 oaa00770 oaa01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:oaa00260 oaa01200 oaa01230 oaa01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:oaa00260 oaa00630 oaa00670 oaa00785 oaa01200 oaa01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:oaa00260 oaa00670 oaa01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:oaa00260 oaa00670 oaa01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:oaa00260 oaa00270 oaa00670 oaa01230 oaa01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:oaa00270 oaa01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:oaa00270 oaa00670 oaa01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:oaa00280 oaa01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:oaa00310 oaa01210 oaa01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:oaa00220 oaa01230 oaa01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:oaa00220 oaa01230 oaa01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:oaa00330 oaa01230 oaa01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:oaa00330 oaa01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:oaa00330 oaa01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:oaa00330 oaa00260 oaa01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:oaa00330 oaa01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:oaa00330 oaa01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:oaa00340 oaa01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:oaa00350 oaa01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:oaa00350 oaa01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:oaa00350 oaa01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:oaa00380 oaa01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:oaa00250 oaa00650 oaa01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:oaa00480 oaa01240 oaa01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00892 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, eukaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:oaa00520 oaa01250 oaa01100]
M01003 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, GlcNAc => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:oaa00520]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:oaa00520 oaa01250 oaa01100]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:oaa00520 oaa00052 oaa01250 oaa01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:oaa00520]
M01001 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, L-Fuc => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:oaa00520]
M00955 CMP-Neu5Ac/Neu5Gc biosynthesis, animals, UDP-GlcNAc => CMP-Neu5Ac => CMP-Neu5Gc [PATH:oaa00541 oaa01250]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:oaa00510 oaa01100]
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:oaa00510 oaa00513 oaa01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:oaa00510 oaa01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:oaa00510 oaa01100]
M00056 O-glycan biosynthesis, mucin type core [PATH:oaa00512 oaa01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:oaa00515 oaa01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:oaa00563 oaa01100]
M00983 GPI-anchor remodeling [PATH:oaa00563 oaa01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:oaa00601 oaa01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:oaa00601 oaa01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:oaa00603 oaa01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:oaa00604 oaa01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:oaa00532 oaa00534 oaa01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:oaa00532 oaa01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:oaa00534 oaa01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:oaa00531 oaa01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:oaa00531 oaa01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:oaa00531 oaa01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:oaa00531 oaa01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:oaa00380 oaa00760 oaa01240 oaa01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:oaa00770 oaa01240 oaa01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:oaa00785 oaa01240 oaa01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:oaa00785 oaa01240 oaa01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:oaa00790 oaa01240 oaa01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:oaa00790 oaa01240 oaa01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:oaa00670 oaa01240 oaa01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:oaa00860 oaa01240 oaa01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinone [PATH:oaa00130 oaa01240 oaa01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:oaa00900 oaa01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:oaa00900 oaa01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity