KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:ocu00010 ocu01200 ocu01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:ocu00010 ocu01200 ocu01230 ocu01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:ocu00010 ocu00020 ocu01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:ocu00010 ocu00020 ocu00620 ocu00785 ocu01200 ocu01210 ocu01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:ocu00020 ocu01200 ocu01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:ocu00020 ocu01200 ocu01210 ocu01230 ocu01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:ocu00020 ocu01200 ocu01210 ocu01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:ocu00030 ocu01200 ocu01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:ocu00030 ocu01200 ocu01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:ocu00030 ocu01200 ocu01230 ocu01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:ocu00030 ocu00230 ocu01200 ocu01230 ocu01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:ocu00040 ocu01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:ocu00052 ocu01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:ocu00040 ocu00053 ocu01240 ocu01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:ocu00500 ocu01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:ocu00500 ocu01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:ocu00520 ocu01250 ocu01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:ocu00520 ocu00052 ocu01250 ocu01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:ocu00520 ocu01250 ocu01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:ocu00280 ocu00630 ocu00640 ocu01200 ocu01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:ocu00562 ocu01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:ocu00562 ocu01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:ocu00562 ocu01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:ocu00190 ocu01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:ocu00190 ocu01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:ocu00190 ocu01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:ocu00190 ocu01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:ocu00190 ocu01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:ocu00190 ocu01100]
M00158 F-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:ocu00190 ocu01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:ocu00190 ocu01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:ocu00062 ocu01212 ocu01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:ocu00062 ocu01040 ocu01212 ocu01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:ocu00061 ocu00071 ocu01212 ocu01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:ocu00071 ocu01212 ocu01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:ocu01040 ocu01212 ocu01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:ocu00100 ocu01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:ocu00120 ocu01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:ocu00120 ocu01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:ocu00140 ocu01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:ocu00140 ocu01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:ocu00140 ocu01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:ocu00140 ocu01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:ocu00561 ocu01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:ocu00561 ocu01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:ocu00564 ocu01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:ocu00564 ocu01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:ocu00600 ocu01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:ocu00600 ocu01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:ocu00600 ocu00565 ocu01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:ocu00600 ocu01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:ocu00600 ocu01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:ocu00230 ocu01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:ocu00230 ocu01232 ocu01240 ocu01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:ocu00230 ocu01232 ocu01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:ocu00230 ocu00240 ocu01232 ocu01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:ocu00230 ocu01232 ocu01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:ocu00230 ocu01232 ocu01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:ocu00240 ocu01240 ocu01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:ocu00240 ocu01232 ocu01240 ocu01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:ocu00240 ocu01232 ocu01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:ocu00240 ocu00410 ocu00770 ocu01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:ocu00260 ocu01200 ocu01230 ocu01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:ocu00260 ocu00630 ocu00785 ocu01200 ocu01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:ocu00260 ocu01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:ocu00260 ocu01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:ocu00260 ocu00270 ocu01230 ocu01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:ocu00270 ocu01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:ocu00270 ocu01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:ocu00280 ocu01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:ocu00310 ocu01210 ocu01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:ocu00220 ocu01230 ocu01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:ocu00220 ocu01230 ocu01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:ocu00330 ocu01230 ocu01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:ocu00330 ocu01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:ocu00330 ocu01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:ocu00330 ocu01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:ocu00330 ocu01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:ocu00340 ocu01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:ocu00350 ocu01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:ocu00350 ocu01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:ocu00380 ocu01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:ocu00250 ocu00650 ocu01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:ocu00480 ocu01240 ocu01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:ocu00510 ocu01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:ocu00510 ocu01100]
M00056 O-glycan biosynthesis, mucin type core [PATH:ocu00512 ocu01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:ocu00515 ocu01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:ocu00563 ocu01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:ocu00601 ocu01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:ocu00601 ocu01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:ocu00603 ocu01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:ocu00604 ocu01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:ocu00532 ocu00534 ocu01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:ocu00532 ocu01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:ocu00534 ocu01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:ocu00770 ocu01240 ocu01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:ocu00785 ocu01240 ocu01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:ocu00785 ocu01240 ocu01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:ocu00790 ocu01240 ocu01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:ocu00790 ocu01240 ocu01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:ocu00670 ocu01240 ocu01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:ocu00860 ocu01240 ocu01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:ocu00130 ocu01240 ocu01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:ocu00900 ocu01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:ocu00900 ocu01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity