KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:oke00010 oke01200 oke01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:oke00010 oke01200 oke01230 oke01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:oke00010 oke00020 oke01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:oke00010 oke00020 oke00620 oke00785 oke01200 oke01210 oke01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:oke00020 oke01200 oke01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:oke00020 oke01200 oke01210 oke01230 oke01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:oke00020 oke01200 oke01210 oke01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:oke00030 oke01200 oke01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:oke00030 oke01200 oke01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:oke00030 oke01200 oke01230 oke01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:oke00030 oke00230 oke01200 oke01230 oke01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:oke00040 oke01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:oke00052 oke01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:oke00500 oke01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:oke00500 oke01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:oke00280 oke00630 oke00640 oke01200 oke01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:oke00562 oke01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:oke00562 oke01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:oke00562 oke01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:oke00190 oke01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:oke00190 oke01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:oke00190 oke01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:oke00190 oke01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:oke00190 oke01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:oke00190 oke01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:oke00190 oke01100]
M00158 F-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:oke00190 oke01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:oke00190 oke01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:oke00061 oke01212 oke01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:oke00061 oke01212 oke01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:oke00061 oke01212 oke01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:oke00062 oke01212 oke01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:oke00062 oke01040 oke01212 oke01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:oke00061 oke00071 oke01212 oke01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:oke00071 oke01212 oke01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:oke01040 oke01212 oke01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:oke00100 oke01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:oke00100 oke01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:oke00140 oke01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:oke00140 oke01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:oke00140 oke01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:oke00140 oke01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:oke00561 oke01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:oke00561 oke01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:oke00564 oke01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:oke00564 oke01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:oke00564 oke01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:oke00600 oke01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:oke00600 oke01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:oke00600 oke00565 oke01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:oke00600 oke01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:oke00600 oke01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:oke00230 oke01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:oke00230 oke01232 oke01240 oke01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:oke00230 oke01232 oke01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:oke00230 oke00240 oke01232 oke01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:oke00230 oke01232 oke01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:oke00230 oke01232 oke01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:oke00230 oke01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:oke00240 oke01240 oke01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:oke00240 oke01232 oke01240 oke01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:oke00240 oke01232 oke01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:oke00240 oke00410 oke00770 oke01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:oke00260 oke01200 oke01230 oke01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:oke00260 oke00630 oke00670 oke00785 oke01200 oke01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:oke00260 oke00670 oke01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:oke00260 oke00670 oke01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:oke00260 oke00270 oke00670 oke01230 oke01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:oke00270 oke01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:oke00270 oke00670 oke01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:oke00280 oke01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:oke00310 oke01210 oke01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:oke00220 oke01230 oke01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:oke00220 oke01230 oke01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:oke00330 oke01230 oke01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:oke00330 oke01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:oke00330 oke01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:oke00330 oke00260 oke01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:oke00330 oke01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:oke00330 oke01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:oke00340 oke01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:oke00350 oke01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:oke00350 oke01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:oke00350 oke01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:oke00380 oke01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:oke00380 oke01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:oke00250 oke00650 oke01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:oke00480 oke01240 oke01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00892 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, eukaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:oke00520 oke01250 oke01100]
M01003 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, GlcNAc => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:oke00520 oke01250 oke01100]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:oke00520 oke01250 oke01100]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:oke00520 oke00052 oke01250 oke01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:oke00520 oke00051 oke01250 oke01100]
M01015 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Man => GDP-Man [PATH:oke00520 oke00051 oke01250 oke01100]
M01001 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, L-Fuc => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:oke00520 oke01250 oke01100]
M00955 CMP-Neu5Ac/Neu5Gc biosynthesis, animals, UDP-GlcNAc => CMP-Neu5Ac => CMP-Neu5Gc [PATH:oke00541 oke01250 oke01100]
M01016 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, GDP-Man => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:oke00541 oke00051 oke01250 oke01100]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:oke00510 oke01100]
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:oke00510 oke00513 oke01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:oke00510 oke01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:oke00510 oke01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:oke00515 oke01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:oke00563 oke01100]
M00983 GPI-anchor remodeling [PATH:oke00563 oke01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:oke00601 oke01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:oke00601 oke01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:oke00604 oke01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:oke00532 oke00534 oke01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:oke00532 oke01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:oke00534 oke01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:oke00531 oke01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:oke00531 oke01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:oke00531 oke01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:oke00531 oke01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:oke00380 oke00760 oke01240 oke01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:oke00770 oke01240 oke01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:oke00785 oke01240 oke01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:oke00785 oke01240 oke01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:oke00790 oke01240 oke01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:oke00790 oke01240 oke01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:oke00670 oke01240 oke01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:oke00860 oke01240 oke01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinone [PATH:oke00130 oke01240 oke01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:oke00900 oke01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:oke00900 oke01100]

Terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Biosynthesis of other compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity