KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:oml00010 oml01200 oml01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:oml00010 oml01200 oml01230 oml01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:oml00010 oml00020 oml01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:oml00010 oml00020 oml00620 oml00785 oml01200 oml01210 oml01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:oml00020 oml01200 oml01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:oml00020 oml01200 oml01210 oml01230 oml01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:oml00020 oml01200 oml01210 oml01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:oml00030 oml01200 oml01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:oml00030 oml01200 oml01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:oml00030 oml01200 oml01230 oml01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:oml00030 oml00230 oml01200 oml01230 oml01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:oml00040 oml01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:oml00052 oml01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:oml00500 oml01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:oml00500 oml01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:oml00520 oml01250 oml01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:oml00520 oml00052 oml01250 oml01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:oml00520 oml01250 oml01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:oml00280 oml00630 oml00640 oml01200 oml01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:oml00562 oml01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:oml00562 oml01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:oml00562 oml01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:oml00190 oml01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:oml00190 oml01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:oml00190 oml01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:oml00190 oml01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:oml00190 oml01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:oml00190 oml01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:oml00190 oml01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:oml00190 oml01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:oml00061 oml01212 oml01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:oml00061 oml01212 oml01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:oml00062 oml01212 oml01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:oml00062 oml01040 oml01212 oml01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:oml00061 oml00071 oml01212 oml01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:oml00071 oml01212 oml01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:oml01040 oml01212 oml01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:oml00100 oml01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:oml00100 oml01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:oml00140 oml01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:oml00140 oml01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:oml00140 oml01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:oml00140 oml01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:oml00561 oml01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:oml00561 oml01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:oml00564 oml01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:oml00564 oml01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:oml00564 oml01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:oml00600 oml01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:oml00600 oml01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:oml00600 oml00565 oml01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:oml00600 oml01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:oml00600 oml01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:oml00230 oml01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:oml00230 oml01232 oml01240 oml01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:oml00230 oml01232 oml01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:oml00230 oml00240 oml01232 oml01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:oml00230 oml01232 oml01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:oml00230 oml01232 oml01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:oml00230 oml01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:oml00240 oml01240 oml01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:oml00240 oml01232 oml01240 oml01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:oml00240 oml01232 oml01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:oml00240 oml00410 oml00770 oml01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:oml00260 oml01200 oml01230 oml01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:oml00260 oml00630 oml00785 oml01200 oml01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:oml00260 oml01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:oml00260 oml01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:oml00260 oml00270 oml01230 oml01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:oml00270 oml01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:oml00270 oml01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:oml00280 oml01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:oml00310 oml01210 oml01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:oml00220 oml01230 oml01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:oml00220 oml01230 oml01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:oml00330 oml01230 oml01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:oml00330 oml01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:oml00330 oml01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:oml00330 oml00260 oml01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:oml00330 oml01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:oml00330 oml01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:oml00340 oml01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:oml00350 oml01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:oml00350 oml01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:oml00350 oml01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:oml00380 oml01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:oml00380 oml01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:oml00250 oml00650 oml01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:oml00480 oml01240 oml01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:oml00510 oml01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:oml00510 oml01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:oml00510 oml01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:oml00515 oml01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:oml00601 oml01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:oml00601 oml01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:oml00604 oml01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:oml00532 oml00534 oml01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:oml00532 oml01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:oml00534 oml01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:oml00531 oml01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:oml00531 oml01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:oml00531 oml01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:oml00531 oml01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:oml00380 oml00760 oml01240 oml01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:oml00770 oml01240 oml01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:oml00785 oml01240 oml01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:oml00785 oml01240 oml01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:oml00790 oml01240 oml01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:oml00790 oml01240 oml01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:oml00670 oml01240 oml01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:oml00860 oml01240 oml01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:oml00130 oml01240 oml01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:oml00900 oml01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:oml00900 oml01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity