KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:otw00010 otw01200 otw01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:otw00010 otw01200 otw01230 otw01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:otw00010 otw00020 otw01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:otw00010 otw00020 otw00620 otw00785 otw01200 otw01210 otw01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:otw00020 otw01200 otw01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:otw00020 otw01200 otw01210 otw01230 otw01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:otw00020 otw01200 otw01210 otw01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:otw00030 otw01200 otw01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:otw00030 otw01200 otw01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:otw00030 otw01200 otw01230 otw01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:otw00030 otw00230 otw01200 otw01230 otw01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:otw00040 otw01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:otw00052 otw01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:otw00500 otw01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:otw00500 otw01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:otw00520 otw01250 otw01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:otw00520 otw00052 otw01250 otw01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:otw00520 otw01250 otw01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:otw00280 otw00630 otw00640 otw01200 otw01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:otw00562 otw01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:otw00562 otw01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:otw00562 otw01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:otw00190 otw01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:otw00190 otw01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:otw00190 otw01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:otw00190 otw01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:otw00190 otw01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:otw00190 otw01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:otw00190 otw01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:otw00190 otw01100]
M00158 F-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:otw00190 otw01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:otw00190 otw01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:otw00061 otw01212 otw01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:otw00061 otw01212 otw01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:otw00061 otw01212 otw01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:otw00062 otw01212 otw01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:otw00062 otw01040 otw01212 otw01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:otw00061 otw00071 otw01212 otw01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:otw00071 otw01212 otw01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:otw01040 otw01212 otw01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:otw00100 otw01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:otw00100 otw01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:otw00140 otw01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:otw00140 otw01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:otw00140 otw01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:otw00140 otw01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:otw00561 otw01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:otw00561 otw01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:otw00564 otw01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:otw00564 otw01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:otw00564 otw01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:otw00600 otw01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:otw00600 otw01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:otw00600 otw00565 otw01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:otw00600 otw01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:otw00600 otw01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:otw00230 otw01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:otw00230 otw01232 otw01240 otw01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:otw00230 otw01232 otw01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:otw00230 otw00240 otw01232 otw01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:otw00230 otw01232 otw01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:otw00230 otw01232 otw01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:otw00230 otw01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:otw00240 otw01240 otw01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:otw00240 otw01232 otw01240 otw01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:otw00240 otw01232 otw01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:otw00240 otw00410 otw00770 otw01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:otw00260 otw01200 otw01230 otw01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:otw00260 otw00630 otw00785 otw01200 otw01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:otw00260 otw01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:otw00260 otw01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:otw00260 otw00270 otw01230 otw01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:otw00270 otw01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:otw00270 otw01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:otw00280 otw01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:otw00310 otw01210 otw01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:otw00220 otw01230 otw01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:otw00220 otw01230 otw01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:otw00330 otw01230 otw01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:otw00330 otw01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:otw00330 otw01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:otw00330 otw00260 otw01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:otw00330 otw01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:otw00330 otw01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:otw00340 otw01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:otw00350 otw01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:otw00350 otw01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:otw00350 otw01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:otw00380 otw01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:otw00380 otw01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:otw00250 otw00650 otw01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:otw00480 otw01240 otw01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:otw00510 otw01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:otw00510 otw01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:otw00510 otw01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:otw00515 otw01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:otw00563 otw01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:otw00601 otw01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:otw00601 otw01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:otw00604 otw01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:otw00532 otw00534 otw01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:otw00532 otw01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:otw00534 otw01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:otw00531 otw01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:otw00531 otw01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:otw00531 otw01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:otw00531 otw01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:otw00380 otw00760 otw01240 otw01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:otw00770 otw01240 otw01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:otw00785 otw01240 otw01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:otw00785 otw01240 otw01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:otw00790 otw01240 otw01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:otw00790 otw01240 otw01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:otw00670 otw01240 otw01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:otw00860 otw01240 otw01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:otw00130 otw01240 otw01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:otw00900 otw01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:otw00900 otw01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity