KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:pbi00010 pbi01200 pbi01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:pbi00010 pbi01200 pbi01230 pbi01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:pbi00010 pbi00020 pbi01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:pbi00010 pbi00020 pbi00620 pbi00785 pbi01200 pbi01210 pbi01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:pbi00020 pbi01200 pbi01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:pbi00020 pbi01200 pbi01210 pbi01230 pbi01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:pbi00020 pbi01200 pbi01210 pbi01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:pbi00030 pbi01200 pbi01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:pbi00030 pbi01200 pbi01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:pbi00030 pbi01200 pbi01230 pbi01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:pbi00030 pbi00230 pbi01200 pbi01230 pbi01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:pbi00040 pbi01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:pbi00052 pbi01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:pbi00040 pbi00053 pbi01240 pbi01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:pbi00500 pbi01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:pbi00500 pbi01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:pbi00280 pbi00630 pbi00640 pbi01200 pbi01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:pbi00562 pbi01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:pbi00562 pbi01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:pbi00562 pbi01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00169 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), light [PATH:pbi00620 pbi01200 pbi01100]
M00377 Reductive acetyl-CoA pathway (Wood-Ljungdahl pathway) [PATH:pbi01200 pbi01100]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:pbi00430 pbi00620 pbi01200 pbi01100]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
M00596 Dissimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:pbi00920 pbi01320 pbi01100]
M00986 Sulfur reduction, sulfur => sulfide [PATH:pbi00920 pbi01320 pbi01100]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:pbi00190 pbi01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:pbi00190 pbi01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:pbi00190 pbi01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:pbi00190 pbi01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:pbi00190 pbi01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:pbi00190 pbi01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:pbi00190 pbi01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:pbi00190 pbi01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:pbi00061 pbi01212 pbi01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:pbi00061 pbi01212 pbi01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:pbi00062 pbi01212 pbi01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:pbi00062 pbi01040 pbi01212 pbi01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:pbi00061 pbi00071 pbi01212 pbi01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:pbi00071 pbi01212 pbi01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:pbi01040 pbi01212 pbi01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:pbi00100 pbi01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:pbi00120 pbi01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:pbi00140 pbi01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:pbi00140 pbi01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:pbi00140 pbi01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:pbi00140 pbi01100]
M00977 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis (androgen backdoor pathway), pregnenolone => androsterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:pbi00140 pbi01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:pbi00561 pbi01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:pbi00561 pbi01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:pbi00564 pbi01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:pbi00564 pbi01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:pbi00564 pbi01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:pbi00564 pbi01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:pbi00600 pbi01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:pbi00600 pbi01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:pbi00600 pbi00565 pbi01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:pbi00600 pbi01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:pbi00600 pbi01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:pbi00230 pbi01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:pbi00230 pbi01232 pbi01240 pbi01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:pbi00230 pbi01232 pbi01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:pbi00230 pbi00240 pbi01232 pbi01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:pbi00230 pbi01232 pbi01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:pbi00230 pbi01232 pbi01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:pbi00240 pbi01240 pbi01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:pbi00240 pbi01232 pbi01240 pbi01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:pbi00240 pbi01232 pbi01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:pbi00240 pbi00410 pbi00770 pbi01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:pbi00260 pbi01200 pbi01230 pbi01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:pbi00260 pbi00630 pbi00670 pbi00785 pbi01200 pbi01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:pbi00260 pbi00670 pbi01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:pbi00260 pbi00670 pbi01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:pbi00270 pbi00920 pbi01320 pbi01200 pbi01230 pbi01100]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:pbi00260 pbi00270 pbi00670 pbi01230 pbi01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:pbi00270 pbi01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:pbi00270 pbi00670 pbi01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:pbi00290 pbi00770 pbi01210 pbi01230 pbi01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:pbi00290 pbi01210 pbi01230 pbi01100]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:pbi00280 pbi01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00526 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP dehydrogenase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:pbi01230 pbi01100]
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:pbi01230 pbi01100]
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:pbi00310 pbi01210 pbi01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:pbi00220 pbi01210 pbi01230 pbi01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:pbi00220 pbi01230 pbi01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:pbi00220 pbi01230 pbi01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:pbi00330 pbi01230 pbi01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:pbi00330 pbi01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:pbi00330 pbi01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:pbi00330 pbi01100]
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:pbi00330 pbi01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:pbi00330 pbi01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:pbi00340 pbi01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:pbi00400 pbi01230 pbi01100]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:pbi00400 pbi01230 pbi01100]
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:pbi00350 pbi01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:pbi00350 pbi01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:pbi00350 pbi01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:pbi00380 pbi01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:pbi00380 pbi01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:pbi00250 pbi00650 pbi01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:pbi00480 pbi01240 pbi01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00892 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, eukaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:pbi00520 pbi01250 pbi01100]
M00909 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, prokaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:pbi00520 pbi01250 pbi01100]
M01003 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, GlcNAc => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:pbi00520]
M00995 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, Fru-6P => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:pbi00520]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:pbi00520 pbi01250 pbi01100]
M01004 UDP-Galf biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-Galf [PATH:pbi00520 pbi00052]
M00999 UDP-GlcA/GalA biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-GlcA => UDP-GalA [PATH:pbi00520 pbi00053]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:pbi00520 pbi00052 pbi01250 pbi01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:pbi00520]
M01001 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, L-Fuc => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:pbi00520]
M00955 CMP-Neu5Ac/Neu5Gc biosynthesis, animals, UDP-GlcNAc => CMP-Neu5Ac => CMP-Neu5Gc [PATH:pbi00541 pbi01250]
M00063 CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate biosynthesis, ribulose-5P => CMP-KDO [PATH:pbi00541 pbi01250 pbi01100]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis, sedoheptulose-7P => ADP-LDmanHep [PATH:pbi00541 pbi01250 pbi01100]
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis, glucose-1P => dTDP-L-Rha [PATH:pbi00541 pbi01250 pbi01100]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:pbi00510 pbi01100]
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:pbi00510 pbi00513 pbi01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:pbi00510 pbi01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:pbi00510 pbi01100]
M00056 O-glycan biosynthesis, mucin type core [PATH:pbi00512 pbi01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:pbi00515 pbi01100]
M00983 GPI-anchor remodeling [PATH:pbi00563 pbi01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:pbi00601 pbi01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:pbi00601 pbi01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:pbi00604 pbi01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:pbi00532 pbi00534 pbi01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:pbi00532 pbi01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:pbi00534 pbi01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:pbi00531 pbi01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:pbi00531 pbi01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:pbi00531 pbi01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:pbi00531 pbi01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00896 Thiamine biosynthesis, archaea, AIR (+ NAD+) => TMP/TPP [PATH:pbi00730 pbi01240 pbi01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:pbi00730 pbi01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:pbi00750 pbi01240 pbi01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:pbi00760 pbi01240 pbi01100]
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:pbi00380 pbi00760 pbi01240 pbi01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:pbi00770 pbi01240 pbi01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:pbi00785 pbi01240 pbi01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:pbi00790 pbi00670 pbi01240 pbi01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:pbi00790 pbi01240 pbi01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:pbi00790 pbi01240 pbi01100]
M00988 PreQ1 biosynthesis, GTP => 7-Aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine [PATH:pbi00790 pbi01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:pbi00670 pbi01240 pbi01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:pbi00670 pbi01240 pbi01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:pbi00860 pbi01240 pbi01100]
M00847 Heme biosynthesis, archaea, siroheme => heme [PATH:pbi00860 pbi01240 pbi01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinone [PATH:pbi00130 pbi01240 pbi01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:pbi00900 pbi01100]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:pbi00900 pbi01100]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:pbi00900 pbi01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:pbi00900 pbi01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00618 Acetogen