KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:ppad00010 ppad01200 ppad01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:ppad00010 ppad01200 ppad01230 ppad01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:ppad00010 ppad00020 ppad01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:ppad00010 ppad00020 ppad00620 ppad00785 ppad01200 ppad01210 ppad01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:ppad00020 ppad01200 ppad01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:ppad00020 ppad01200 ppad01210 ppad01230 ppad01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:ppad00020 ppad01200 ppad01210 ppad01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:ppad00030 ppad01200 ppad01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:ppad00030 ppad01200 ppad01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:ppad00030 ppad01200 ppad01230 ppad01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:ppad00030 ppad00230 ppad01200 ppad01230 ppad01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:ppad00040 ppad01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:ppad00052 ppad01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:ppad00040 ppad00053 ppad01240 ppad01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:ppad00500 ppad01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:ppad00500 ppad01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:ppad00520 ppad01250 ppad01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:ppad00520 ppad00052 ppad01250 ppad01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:ppad00520 ppad01250 ppad01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:ppad00280 ppad00630 ppad00640 ppad01200 ppad01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:ppad00562 ppad01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:ppad00562 ppad01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:ppad00562 ppad01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:ppad00190 ppad01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:ppad00190 ppad01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:ppad00190 ppad01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:ppad00190 ppad01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:ppad00190 ppad01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:ppad00190 ppad01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:ppad00190 ppad01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:ppad00190 ppad01100]
M00158 F-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:ppad00190 ppad01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:ppad00190 ppad01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:ppad00061 ppad01212 ppad01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:ppad00061 ppad01212 ppad01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:ppad00061 ppad01212 ppad01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:ppad00062 ppad01212 ppad01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:ppad00062 ppad01040 ppad01212 ppad01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:ppad00061 ppad00071 ppad01212 ppad01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:ppad00071 ppad01212 ppad01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:ppad01040 ppad01212 ppad01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:ppad00100 ppad01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:ppad00100 ppad01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:ppad00120 ppad01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:ppad00120 ppad01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:ppad00140 ppad01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:ppad00140 ppad01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:ppad00140 ppad01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:ppad00140 ppad01100]
M00977 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis (androgen backdoor pathway), pregnenolone => androsterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:ppad00140 ppad01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:ppad00561 ppad01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:ppad00561 ppad01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:ppad00564 ppad01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:ppad00564 ppad01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:ppad00564 ppad01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:ppad00600 ppad01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:ppad00600 ppad01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:ppad00600 ppad00565 ppad01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:ppad00600 ppad01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:ppad00600 ppad01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:ppad00230 ppad01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:ppad00230 ppad01232 ppad01240 ppad01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:ppad00230 ppad01232 ppad01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:ppad00230 ppad00240 ppad01232 ppad01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:ppad00230 ppad01232 ppad01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:ppad00230 ppad01232 ppad01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:ppad00240 ppad01240 ppad01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:ppad00240 ppad01232 ppad01240 ppad01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:ppad00240 ppad01232 ppad01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:ppad00240 ppad00410 ppad00770 ppad01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:ppad00260 ppad01200 ppad01230 ppad01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:ppad00260 ppad00630 ppad00785 ppad01200 ppad01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:ppad00260 ppad01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:ppad00260 ppad01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:ppad00260 ppad00270 ppad01230 ppad01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:ppad00270 ppad01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:ppad00270 ppad01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:ppad00280 ppad01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:ppad00310 ppad01210 ppad01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:ppad00220 ppad01230 ppad01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:ppad00220 ppad01230 ppad01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:ppad00330 ppad01230 ppad01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:ppad00330 ppad01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:ppad00330 ppad01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:ppad00330 ppad00260 ppad01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:ppad00330 ppad01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:ppad00330 ppad01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:ppad00340 ppad01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:ppad00350 ppad01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:ppad00350 ppad01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:ppad00350 ppad01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:ppad00380 ppad01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:ppad00380 ppad01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:ppad00250 ppad00650 ppad01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:ppad00480 ppad01240 ppad01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:ppad00510 ppad01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:ppad00510 ppad01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:ppad00510 ppad01100]
M00056 O-glycan biosynthesis, mucin type core [PATH:ppad00512 ppad01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:ppad00515 ppad01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:ppad00563 ppad01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:ppad00601 ppad01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:ppad00601 ppad01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:ppad00603 ppad01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:ppad00604 ppad01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:ppad00532 ppad00534 ppad01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:ppad00532 ppad01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:ppad00534 ppad01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:ppad00531 ppad01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:ppad00531 ppad01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:ppad00531 ppad01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:ppad00531 ppad01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:ppad00380 ppad00760 ppad01240 ppad01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:ppad00770 ppad01240 ppad01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:ppad00785 ppad01240 ppad01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:ppad00785 ppad01240 ppad01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:ppad00790 ppad01240 ppad01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:ppad00790 ppad01240 ppad01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:ppad00670 ppad01240 ppad01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:ppad00860 ppad01240 ppad01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:ppad00130 ppad01240 ppad01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:ppad00900 ppad01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:ppad00900 ppad01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity