KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:ppl00010 ppl01200 ppl01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:ppl00010 ppl01200 ppl01230 ppl01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:ppl00010 ppl00020 ppl01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:ppl00010 ppl00020 ppl00620 ppl00785 ppl01200 ppl01210 ppl01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:ppl00020 ppl01200 ppl01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:ppl00020 ppl01200 ppl01210 ppl01230 ppl01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:ppl00020 ppl01200 ppl01210 ppl01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:ppl00030 ppl01200 ppl01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:ppl00030 ppl01200 ppl01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:ppl00030 ppl01200 ppl01230 ppl01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:ppl00030 ppl00230 ppl01200 ppl01230 ppl01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:ppl00040 ppl01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:ppl00500 ppl01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:ppl00500 ppl01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:ppl00520 ppl01250 ppl01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:ppl00520 ppl01250 ppl01100]
M00909 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:ppl00520 ppl01250 ppl01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:ppl00630 ppl01200 ppl01100 ppl01110]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:ppl00280 ppl00630 ppl00640 ppl01200 ppl01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:ppl00562 ppl01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:ppl00562 ppl01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:ppl00562 ppl01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:ppl00190 ppl01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:ppl00190 ppl01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:ppl00190 ppl01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:ppl00190 ppl01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:ppl00190 ppl01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:ppl00190 ppl01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:ppl00190 ppl01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:ppl00061 ppl01212 ppl01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:ppl00061 ppl01212 ppl01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:ppl00061 ppl01212 ppl01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:ppl00062 ppl01212 ppl01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:ppl00062 ppl01040 ppl01212 ppl01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:ppl00061 ppl00071 ppl01212 ppl01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:ppl00071 ppl01212 ppl01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:ppl01040 ppl01212 ppl01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:ppl00100 ppl01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:ppl00100 ppl01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:ppl01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:ppl01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:ppl01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:ppl01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:ppl00561 ppl01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:ppl00561 ppl01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:ppl00564 ppl01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:ppl00564 ppl01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:ppl00564 ppl01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:ppl00564 ppl01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:ppl00600 ppl01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:ppl00600 ppl01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:ppl00600 ppl00565 ppl01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:ppl00600 ppl01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:ppl00600 ppl01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:ppl00230 ppl01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:ppl00230 ppl01232 ppl01240 ppl01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:ppl00230 ppl01232 ppl01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:ppl00230 ppl00240 ppl01232 ppl01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:ppl00230 ppl01232 ppl01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:ppl00230 ppl01232 ppl01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:ppl00240 ppl01240 ppl01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:ppl00240 ppl01232 ppl01240 ppl01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:ppl00240 ppl01232 ppl01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:ppl00240 ppl00410 ppl00770 ppl01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:ppl00260 ppl00680 ppl01200 ppl01230 ppl01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:ppl00260 ppl01230 ppl01100 ppl01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:ppl00260 ppl00630 ppl00785 ppl01200 ppl01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:ppl00260 ppl01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:ppl00260 ppl01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:ppl00270 ppl00920 ppl01200 ppl01230 ppl01100 ppl01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:ppl00260 ppl00270 ppl01230 ppl01100]
M00609 Cysteine biosynthesis, methionine => cysteine [PATH:ppl00270 ppl01230 ppl01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:ppl00270 ppl01230 ppl01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:ppl00270 ppl01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:ppl00270 ppl01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:ppl00290 ppl00770 ppl01210 ppl01230 ppl01100 ppl01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:ppl00290 ppl01230 ppl01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:ppl00290 ppl01210 ppl01230 ppl01100 ppl01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:ppl00280 ppl01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00525 Lysine biosynthesis, acetyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:ppl00300 ppl01230 ppl01100]
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:ppl00310 ppl01210 ppl01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:ppl00220 ppl01230 ppl01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:ppl00220 ppl01230 ppl01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:ppl00330 ppl01230 ppl01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:ppl00330 ppl01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:ppl00330 ppl01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:ppl00330 ppl00260 ppl01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:ppl00330 ppl01100]
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:ppl00330 ppl01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:ppl00330 ppl01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:ppl00340 ppl01230 ppl01100 ppl01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:ppl00340 ppl01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:ppl00400 ppl01230 ppl01100 ppl01110]
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:ppl00350 ppl01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:ppl00350 ppl01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:ppl00350 ppl01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:ppl00380 ppl01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:ppl00380 ppl01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:ppl00250 ppl00650 ppl01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:ppl00480 ppl01240 ppl01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:ppl00510 ppl01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:ppl00510 ppl01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:ppl00510 ppl01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:ppl01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:ppl01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:ppl01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:ppl01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:ppl01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:ppl01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:ppl01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:ppl00531 ppl01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:ppl00531 ppl01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:ppl00531 ppl01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:ppl00531 ppl01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:ppl00730 ppl01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:ppl00740 ppl01240 ppl01100 ppl01110]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:ppl00750 ppl01240 ppl01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:ppl00760 ppl01240 ppl01100]
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:ppl00380 ppl00760 ppl01240 ppl01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:ppl00770 ppl01240 ppl01100 ppl01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:ppl00770 ppl01240 ppl01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:ppl00785 ppl01240 ppl01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:ppl00785 ppl01240 ppl01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:ppl00790 ppl00670 ppl01240 ppl01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:ppl00790 ppl01240 ppl01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:ppl00790 ppl01240 ppl01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:ppl00670 ppl01240 ppl01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:ppl00670 ppl01240 ppl01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:ppl00860 ppl01240 ppl01100 ppl01110]
M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH:ppl00860 ppl01240 ppl01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:ppl00130 ppl01240 ppl01100]
M00116 Menaquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => menaquinol [PATH:ppl00130 ppl01240 ppl01100 ppl01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:ppl00900 ppl01100 ppl01110]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:ppl00900 ppl01100 ppl01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:ppl00900 ppl01100 ppl01110]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:ppl00900 ppl01100 ppl01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity