KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:pyu00010 pyu01200 pyu01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:pyu00010 pyu01200 pyu01230 pyu01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:pyu00010 pyu00020 pyu01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:pyu00010 pyu00020 pyu00620 pyu00785 pyu01200 pyu01210 pyu01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:pyu00020 pyu01200 pyu01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:pyu00020 pyu01200 pyu01210 pyu01230 pyu01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:pyu00020 pyu01200 pyu01210 pyu01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:pyu00030 pyu01200 pyu01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:pyu00030 pyu01200 pyu01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:pyu00030 pyu01200 pyu01230 pyu01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:pyu00030 pyu00230 pyu01200 pyu01230 pyu01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:pyu00040 pyu01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:pyu00052 pyu01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:pyu00040 pyu00053 pyu01240 pyu01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:pyu00500 pyu01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:pyu00500 pyu01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:pyu00520 pyu01250 pyu01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:pyu00520 pyu00052 pyu01250 pyu01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:pyu00520 pyu01250 pyu01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:pyu00280 pyu00630 pyu00640 pyu01200 pyu01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:pyu00562 pyu01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:pyu00562 pyu01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:pyu00190 pyu01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:pyu00190 pyu01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:pyu00190 pyu01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:pyu00190 pyu01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:pyu00190 pyu01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:pyu00190 pyu01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:pyu00190 pyu01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:pyu00190 pyu01100]
M00158 F-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:pyu00190 pyu01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:pyu00190 pyu01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:pyu00061 pyu01212 pyu01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:pyu00061 pyu01212 pyu01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:pyu00061 pyu01212 pyu01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:pyu00062 pyu01212 pyu01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:pyu00062 pyu01040 pyu01212 pyu01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:pyu00061 pyu00071 pyu01212 pyu01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:pyu00071 pyu01212 pyu01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:pyu01040 pyu01212 pyu01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:pyu00100 pyu01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:pyu00100 pyu01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:pyu00120 pyu01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:pyu00120 pyu01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:pyu00140 pyu01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:pyu00140 pyu01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:pyu00140 pyu01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:pyu00140 pyu01100]
M00977 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis (androgen backdoor pathway), pregnenolone => androsterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:pyu00140 pyu01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:pyu00561 pyu01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:pyu00561 pyu01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:pyu00564 pyu01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:pyu00564 pyu01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:pyu00564 pyu01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:pyu00600 pyu01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:pyu00600 pyu01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:pyu00600 pyu00565 pyu01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:pyu00600 pyu01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:pyu00600 pyu01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:pyu00230 pyu01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:pyu00230 pyu01232 pyu01240 pyu01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:pyu00230 pyu01232 pyu01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:pyu00230 pyu00240 pyu01232 pyu01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:pyu00230 pyu01232 pyu01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:pyu00230 pyu01232 pyu01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:pyu00240 pyu01240 pyu01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:pyu00240 pyu01232 pyu01240 pyu01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:pyu00240 pyu01232 pyu01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:pyu00240 pyu00410 pyu00770 pyu01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:pyu00260 pyu01200 pyu01230 pyu01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:pyu00260 pyu00630 pyu00785 pyu01200 pyu01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:pyu00260 pyu01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:pyu00260 pyu01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:pyu00260 pyu00270 pyu01230 pyu01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:pyu00270 pyu01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:pyu00270 pyu01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:pyu00280 pyu01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:pyu00310 pyu01210 pyu01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:pyu00220 pyu01230 pyu01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:pyu00220 pyu01230 pyu01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:pyu00330 pyu01230 pyu01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:pyu00330 pyu01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:pyu00330 pyu01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:pyu00330 pyu00260 pyu01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:pyu00330 pyu01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:pyu00330 pyu01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:pyu00340 pyu01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:pyu00350 pyu01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:pyu00350 pyu01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:pyu00350 pyu01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:pyu00380 pyu01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:pyu00380 pyu01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:pyu00250 pyu00650 pyu01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:pyu00480 pyu01240 pyu01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:pyu00510 pyu01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:pyu00510 pyu01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:pyu00510 pyu01100]
M00056 O-glycan biosynthesis, mucin type core [PATH:pyu00512 pyu01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:pyu00515 pyu01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:pyu00563 pyu01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:pyu00601 pyu01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:pyu00601 pyu01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:pyu00603 pyu01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:pyu00604 pyu01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:pyu00532 pyu00534 pyu01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:pyu00532 pyu01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:pyu00534 pyu01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:pyu00531 pyu01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:pyu00531 pyu01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:pyu00531 pyu01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:pyu00531 pyu01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:pyu00380 pyu00760 pyu01240 pyu01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:pyu00770 pyu01240 pyu01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:pyu00785 pyu01240 pyu01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:pyu00785 pyu01240 pyu01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:pyu00790 pyu01240 pyu01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:pyu00790 pyu01240 pyu01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:pyu00670 pyu01240 pyu01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:pyu00860 pyu01240 pyu01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:pyu00130 pyu01240 pyu01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:pyu00900 pyu01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:pyu00900 pyu01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity