KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:salp00010 salp01200 salp01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:salp00010 salp01200 salp01230 salp01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:salp00010 salp00020 salp01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:salp00020 salp01200 salp01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:salp00020 salp01200 salp01210 salp01230 salp01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:salp00020 salp01200 salp01210 salp01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:salp00030 salp01200 salp01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:salp00030 salp01200 salp01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:salp00030 salp01200 salp01230 salp01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:salp00030 salp00230 salp01200 salp01230 salp01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:salp00040 salp01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:salp00052 salp01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:salp00500 salp01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:salp00500 salp01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:salp00562 salp01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:salp00562 salp01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:salp00562 salp01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:salp00190 salp01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:salp00190 salp01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:salp00190 salp01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:salp00190 salp01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:salp00190 salp01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:salp00190 salp01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:salp00190 salp01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:salp00190 salp01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:salp00061 salp01212 salp01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:salp00061 salp01212 salp01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:salp00061 salp01212 salp01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:salp00062 salp01212 salp01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:salp00062 salp01040 salp01212 salp01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:salp00061 salp00071 salp01212 salp01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:salp00071 salp01212 salp01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:salp01040 salp01212 salp01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:salp00100 salp01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:salp00140 salp01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:salp00140 salp01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:salp00140 salp01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:salp00140 salp01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:salp00561 salp01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:salp00561 salp01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:salp00564 salp01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:salp00564 salp01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:salp00564 salp01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:salp00600 salp01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:salp00600 salp01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:salp00600 salp01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:salp00600 salp01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:salp00230 salp01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:salp00230 salp01232 salp01240 salp01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:salp00230 salp01232 salp01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:salp00230 salp00240 salp01232 salp01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:salp00230 salp01232 salp01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:salp00230 salp01232 salp01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:salp00230 salp01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:salp00240 salp01240 salp01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:salp00240 salp01232 salp01240 salp01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:salp00240 salp01232 salp01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:salp00240 salp00410 salp00770 salp01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:salp00260 salp01200 salp01230 salp01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:salp00260 salp00630 salp00670 salp00785 salp01200 salp01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:salp00260 salp00670 salp01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:salp00260 salp00670 salp01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:salp00260 salp00270 salp00670 salp01230 salp01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:salp00270 salp00670 salp01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:salp00280 salp01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:salp00310 salp01210 salp01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:salp00220 salp01230 salp01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:salp00220 salp01230 salp01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:salp00330 salp01230 salp01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:salp00330 salp01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:salp00330 salp01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:salp00330 salp00260 salp01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:salp00330 salp01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:salp00330 salp01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:salp00340 salp01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:salp00350 salp01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:salp00350 salp01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:salp00350 salp01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:salp00380 salp01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:salp00380 salp01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:salp00250 salp00650 salp01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:salp00480 salp01240 salp01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00892 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, eukaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:salp00520 salp01250 salp01100]
M01003 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, GlcNAc => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:salp00520 salp01250 salp01100]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:salp00520 salp01250 salp01100]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:salp00520 salp00052 salp01250 salp01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:salp00520 salp01250 salp01100]
M01001 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, L-Fuc => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:salp00520 salp01250 salp01100]
M00955 CMP-Neu5Ac/Neu5Gc biosynthesis, animals, UDP-GlcNAc => CMP-Neu5Ac => CMP-Neu5Gc [PATH:salp00541 salp01250 salp01100]
M01016 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, GDP-Man => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:salp00541]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:salp00510 salp00513 salp01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:salp00510 salp01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:salp00510 salp01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:salp00515 salp01100]
M00983 GPI-anchor remodeling [PATH:salp00563 salp01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:salp00601 salp01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:salp00601 salp01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:salp00604 salp01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:salp00532 salp00534 salp01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:salp00532 salp01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:salp00534 salp01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:salp00531 salp01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:salp00531 salp01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:salp00531 salp01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:salp00531 salp01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:salp00380 salp00760 salp01240 salp01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:salp00770 salp01240 salp01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:salp00790 salp01240 salp01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:salp00790 salp01240 salp01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:salp00670 salp01240 salp01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:salp00860 salp01240 salp01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinone [PATH:salp00130 salp01240 salp01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:salp00900 salp01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:salp00900 salp01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity