KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:saq00010 saq01200 saq01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:saq00010 saq01200 saq01230 saq01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:saq00010 saq00020 saq01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:saq00010 saq00020 saq00620 saq01200 saq01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:saq00020 saq01200 saq01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:saq00020 saq01200 saq01210 saq01230 saq01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:saq00020 saq01200 saq01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:saq00030 saq01200 saq01100 saq01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:saq00030 saq01200 saq01100 saq01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:saq00030 saq01200 saq01230 saq01100 saq01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:saq00030 saq00230 saq01200 saq01230 saq01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:saq00030 saq01200 saq01100 saq01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:saq00052 saq01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:saq00520 saq01250 saq01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:saq00520 saq00052 saq01250 saq01100]
M00909 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:saq00520 saq01250 saq01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:saq00630 saq01200 saq01100 saq01110]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:saq00280 saq00630 saq00640 saq01200 saq01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:saq00620 saq01200 saq01100 saq01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:saq00430 saq00620 saq01200 saq01100 saq01120]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:saq00910 saq01100 saq01120]
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:saq00910 saq01100 saq01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:saq00920 saq01100 saq01120]
M00595 Thiosulfate oxidation by SOX complex, thiosulfate => sulfate [PATH:saq00920 saq01100 saq01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:saq00190]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:saq00190]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:saq00190]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:saq00190]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:saq00190]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:saq00190]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:saq00061 saq01212 saq01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:saq00061 saq01212 saq01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:saq00061 saq00071 saq01212 saq01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:saq00071 saq01212 saq01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:saq00564 saq01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:saq00230 saq01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:saq00230 saq01232 saq01240 saq01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:saq00230 saq01232 saq01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:saq00230 saq00240 saq01232 saq01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:saq00230 saq01232 saq01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:saq00230 saq01232 saq01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:saq00230 saq01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:saq00240 saq01232 saq01240 saq01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:saq00240 saq01232 saq01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:saq00260 saq00680 saq01200 saq01230 saq01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:saq00260 saq01230 saq01100 saq01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:saq00260 saq00630 saq01200 saq01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:saq00260 saq01100]
M00033 Ectoine biosynthesis, aspartate => ectoine [PATH:saq00260 saq01210 saq01230 saq01100 saq01120]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:saq00270 saq00920 saq01200 saq01230 saq01100 saq01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:saq00260 saq00270 saq01230 saq01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:saq00270 saq01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:saq00290 saq00770 saq01210 saq01230 saq01100 saq01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:saq00290 saq01230 saq01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:saq00290 saq01210 saq01230 saq01100 saq01110]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:saq00300 saq01230 saq01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:saq00220 saq01210 saq01230 saq01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:saq00220 saq01230 saq01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:saq00330 saq01230 saq01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:saq00330 saq01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:saq00330]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:saq00330 saq01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:saq00340 saq01230 saq01100 saq01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:saq00340 saq01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:saq00400 saq01230 saq01100 saq01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:saq00400 saq01230 saq01100 saq01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:saq00400 saq01230 saq01100 saq01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:saq00400 saq01230 saq01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:saq00250 saq00650 saq01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:saq00480 saq01240 saq01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis [PATH:saq00540 saq01250 saq01100]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis [PATH:saq00540 saq01250 saq01100]

Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:saq00740 saq01240 saq01100 saq01110]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:saq00750 saq01240 saq01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:saq00760 saq01240 saq01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:saq00770 saq01240 saq01100 saq01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:saq00770 saq01240 saq01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:saq00780 saq01240 saq01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:saq00785 saq01240 saq01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:saq00790 saq00670 saq01240 saq01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:saq00790 saq01240 saq01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:saq00860 saq01240 saq01100 saq01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:saq00860 saq01240 saq01100 saq01110]
M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH:saq00860 saq01240 saq01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:saq00860 saq01240 saq01100]
M00930 Menaquinone biosynthesis, futalosine pathway [PATH:saq00130 saq01240 saq01100]
M00931 Menaquinone biosynthesis, modified futalosine pathway [PATH:saq00130 saq01240 saq01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:saq00900 saq01100 saq01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:saq00900 saq01100 saq01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
M00824 9-membered enediyne core biosynthesis, malonyl-CoA => 3-hydroxyhexadeca-4,6,8,10,12,14-hexaenoyl-ACP => 9-membered enediyne core [PATH:saq01059 saq01100 saq01110]
M00827 C-1027 beta-amino acid moiety biosynthesis, tyrosine => 3-chloro-4,5-dihydroxy-beta-phenylalanyl-PCP [PATH:saq01059 saq01100 saq01110]
M00828 Maduropeptin beta-hydroxy acid moiety biosynthesis, tyrosine => 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxopropanoyl-PCP [PATH:saq01059 saq01100 saq01110]
M00830 Neocarzinostatin naphthoate moiety biosynthesis, malonyl-CoA => 2-hydroxy-5-methyl-1-naphthoate => 2-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-methyl-1-naphthoyl-CoA [PATH:saq01059 saq01100 saq01110]
M00834 Calicheamicin orsellinate moiety biosynthesis, malonyl-CoA => orsellinate-ACP => 5-iodo-2,3-dimethoxyorsellinate-ACP [PATH:saq01059 saq01100 saq01110]
M00833 Calicheamicin biosynthesis, calicheamicinone => calicheamicin [PATH:saq01059 saq01100 saq01110]

Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis [PATH:saq00521 saq00523 saq00541 saq01250 saq01100 saq01110]

Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation
M00548 Benzene degradation, benzene => catechol [PATH:saq00361 saq00362 saq01220 saq01100 saq01120]
M00569 Catechol meta-cleavage, catechol => acetyl-CoA / 4-methylcatechol => propanoyl-CoA [PATH:saq00362 saq00622 saq01220 saq01100 saq01120]

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00615 Nitrate assimilation