KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:sbg00010 sbg01200 sbg01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:sbg00010 sbg01200 sbg01230 sbg01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:sbg00010 sbg00020 sbg01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:sbg00010 sbg00020 sbg00620 sbg00785 sbg01200 sbg01210 sbg01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:sbg00020 sbg01200 sbg01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:sbg00020 sbg01200 sbg01210 sbg01230 sbg01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:sbg00020 sbg01200 sbg01210 sbg01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:sbg00030 sbg01200 sbg01100 sbg01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:sbg00030 sbg01200 sbg01100 sbg01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:sbg00030 sbg01200 sbg01230 sbg01100 sbg01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:sbg00030 sbg00230 sbg01200 sbg01230 sbg01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:sbg00030 sbg01200 sbg01100 sbg01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00631 D-Galacturonate degradation (bacteria), D-galacturonate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:sbg00040 sbg00030 sbg01100]
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:sbg00040 sbg00030 sbg01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:sbg00052 sbg01100]
M00550 Ascorbate degradation, ascorbate => D-xylulose-5P [PATH:sbg00053 sbg01100 sbg01120]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:sbg00500 sbg01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:sbg00500 sbg01100]
M00565 Trehalose biosynthesis, D-glucose 1P => trehalose [PATH:sbg00500 sbg01100 sbg01110]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:sbg00630 sbg01200 sbg01100 sbg01110]
M00982 Methylcitrate cycle [PATH:sbg00640 sbg00020 sbg01200 sbg01100 sbg01120]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:sbg00620 sbg00710 sbg01200 sbg01100 sbg01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:sbg00430 sbg00620 sbg00720 sbg01200 sbg01100 sbg01120]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:sbg00910 sbg01310 sbg01100 sbg01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:sbg00920 sbg01320 sbg01100 sbg01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:sbg00190 sbg01100]
M00150 Fumarate reductase, prokaryotes [PATH:sbg00190 sbg01100]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:sbg00190]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:sbg00190 sbg01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:sbg00190 sbg01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:sbg00061 sbg01212 sbg01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:sbg00061 sbg00071 sbg01212 sbg01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:sbg00071 sbg01212 sbg01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:sbg00564 sbg01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:sbg00230 sbg01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:sbg00230 sbg01232 sbg01240 sbg01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:sbg00230 sbg01232 sbg01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:sbg00230 sbg00240 sbg01232 sbg01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:sbg00240 sbg01240 sbg01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:sbg00240 sbg01232 sbg01240 sbg01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:sbg00240 sbg01232 sbg01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:sbg00260 sbg00680 sbg01200 sbg01230 sbg01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:sbg00260 sbg01230 sbg01100 sbg01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:sbg00260 sbg00630 sbg00670 sbg00785 sbg01200 sbg01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:sbg00270 sbg00920 sbg01320 sbg01200 sbg01230 sbg01100 sbg01110]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:sbg00270 sbg01230 sbg01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:sbg00290 sbg00770 sbg01210 sbg01230 sbg01100 sbg01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:sbg00290 sbg01230 sbg01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:sbg00290 sbg01210 sbg01230 sbg01100 sbg01110]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:sbg00300 sbg01230 sbg01100]
M00956 Lysine degradation, bacteria, L-lysine => succinate [PATH:sbg00310 sbg01100 sbg01120]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:sbg00220 sbg01210 sbg01230 sbg01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:sbg00220 sbg01230 sbg01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:sbg00330 sbg01230 sbg01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:sbg00330 sbg01100]
M00879 Arginine succinyltransferase pathway, arginine => glutamate [PATH:sbg00330 sbg01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:sbg00330 sbg01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:sbg00340 sbg01230 sbg01100 sbg01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:sbg00340 sbg01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:sbg00400 sbg01230 sbg01100 sbg01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:sbg00400 sbg01230 sbg01100 sbg01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:sbg00400 sbg01230 sbg01100 sbg01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:sbg00400 sbg01230 sbg01100]
M00533 Homoprotocatechuate degradation, homoprotocatechuate => 2-oxohept-3-enedioate [PATH:sbg00350 sbg01220 sbg01100 sbg01120]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:sbg00480 sbg01240 sbg01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00909 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, prokaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:sbg00520 sbg01250 sbg01100]
M00995 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, Fru-6P => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:sbg00520 sbg01250]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:sbg00520 sbg01250 sbg01100]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:sbg00520 sbg00052 sbg01250 sbg01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:sbg00520 sbg01250]
M00063 CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate biosynthesis, ribulose-5P => CMP-KDO [PATH:sbg00541 sbg01250 sbg01100]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis, sedoheptulose-7P => ADP-LDmanHep [PATH:sbg00541 sbg01250 sbg01100]
M00761 Undecaprenylphosphate alpha-L-Ara4N biosynthesis, UDP-GlcA => undecaprenyl phosphate alpha-L-Ara4N [PATH:sbg00541 sbg01100]

Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00060 KDO2-lipid A biosynthesis, Raetz pathway, LpxL-LpxM type [PATH:sbg00540 sbg01100]

Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:sbg00730 sbg01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:sbg00740 sbg01240 sbg01100 sbg01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:sbg00750 sbg01240 sbg01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:sbg00760 sbg01240 sbg01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:sbg00770 sbg01240 sbg01100 sbg01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:sbg00770 sbg01240 sbg01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH:sbg00780 sbg01240 sbg01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:sbg00780 sbg01240 sbg01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:sbg00785 sbg01240 sbg01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:sbg00790 sbg00670 sbg01240 sbg01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:sbg00790 sbg01240 sbg01100]
M00988 PreQ1 biosynthesis, GTP => 7-Aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine [PATH:sbg00790 sbg01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:sbg00860 sbg01240 sbg01100 sbg01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:sbg00860 sbg01240 sbg01100 sbg01110]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:sbg00130 sbg01240 sbg01100 sbg01110]
M00989 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, O2-independent, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:sbg00130 sbg01240 sbg01100 sbg01110]
M00116 Menaquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => menaquinol [PATH:sbg00130 sbg01240 sbg01100 sbg01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:sbg00900 sbg01100 sbg01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:sbg00900 sbg01100 sbg01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
M00856 Salmonella enterica pathogenicity signature, typhoid toxin

Drug resistance
M00744 Cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) resistance, protease PgtE
M00696 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump AcrEF-TolC

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation