KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:schu00010 schu01200 schu01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:schu00010 schu01200 schu01230 schu01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:schu00010 schu00020 schu01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:schu00010 schu00020 schu00620 schu00785 schu01200 schu01210 schu01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:schu00020 schu01200 schu01210 schu01230 schu01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:schu00030 schu01200 schu01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:schu00030 schu01200 schu01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:schu00030 schu01200 schu01230 schu01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:schu00030 schu00230 schu01200 schu01230 schu01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:schu00040 schu01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:schu00052 schu01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:schu00500 schu01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:schu00500 schu01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:schu00280 schu00630 schu00640 schu01200 schu01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:schu00562 schu01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:schu00562 schu01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:schu00562 schu01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:schu00190 schu01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:schu00190 schu01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:schu00190 schu01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:schu00190 schu01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:schu00190 schu01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:schu00190 schu01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:schu00190 schu01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:schu00190 schu01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:schu00061 schu01212 schu01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:schu00061 schu01212 schu01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:schu00062 schu01212 schu01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:schu00062 schu01040 schu01212 schu01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:schu00061 schu00071 schu01212 schu01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:schu00071 schu01212 schu01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:schu01040 schu01212 schu01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:schu00100 schu01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:schu00100 schu01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:schu00140 schu01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:schu00140 schu01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:schu00140 schu01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:schu00140 schu01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:schu00561 schu01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:schu00561 schu01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:schu00564 schu01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:schu00564 schu01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:schu00564 schu01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:schu00600 schu01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:schu00600 schu01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:schu00600 schu00565 schu01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:schu00600 schu01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:schu00600 schu01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:schu00230 schu01232 schu01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:schu00230 schu00240 schu01232 schu01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:schu00230 schu01232 schu01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:schu00230 schu01232 schu01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:schu00230 schu01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:schu00240 schu01240 schu01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:schu00240 schu01232 schu01240 schu01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:schu00240 schu01232 schu01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:schu00240 schu00410 schu00770 schu01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:schu00260 schu01200 schu01230 schu01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:schu00260 schu00630 schu00670 schu00785 schu01200 schu01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:schu00260 schu00670 schu01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:schu00260 schu00670 schu01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:schu00260 schu00270 schu00670 schu01230 schu01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:schu00270 schu01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:schu00270 schu00670 schu01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:schu00280 schu01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:schu00310 schu01210 schu01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:schu00220 schu01230 schu01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:schu00220 schu01230 schu01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:schu00330 schu01230 schu01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:schu00330 schu01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:schu00330 schu01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:schu00330 schu00260 schu01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:schu00330 schu01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:schu00330 schu01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:schu00340 schu01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:schu00350 schu01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:schu00350 schu01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:schu00350 schu01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:schu00380 schu01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:schu00380 schu01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:schu00250 schu00650 schu01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:schu00480 schu01240 schu01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00892 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, eukaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:schu00520 schu01250 schu01100]
M01003 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, GlcNAc => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:schu00520 schu01250 schu01100]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:schu00520 schu01250 schu01100]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:schu00520 schu00052 schu01250 schu01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:schu00520 schu01250 schu01100]
M01001 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, L-Fuc => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:schu00520 schu01250 schu01100]
M00955 CMP-Neu5Ac/Neu5Gc biosynthesis, animals, UDP-GlcNAc => CMP-Neu5Ac => CMP-Neu5Gc [PATH:schu00541 schu01250 schu01100]
M01016 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, GDP-Man => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:schu00541]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:schu00510 schu01100]
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:schu00510 schu00513 schu01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:schu00510 schu01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:schu00510 schu01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:schu00515 schu01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:schu00563 schu01100]
M00983 GPI-anchor remodeling [PATH:schu00563 schu01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:schu00601 schu01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:schu00601 schu01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:schu00604 schu01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:schu00532 schu00534 schu01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:schu00532 schu01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:schu00534 schu01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:schu00531 schu01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:schu00531 schu01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:schu00531 schu01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:schu00531 schu01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:schu00380 schu00760 schu01240 schu01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:schu00770 schu01240 schu01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:schu00785 schu01240 schu01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:schu00785 schu01240 schu01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:schu00790 schu01240 schu01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:schu00790 schu01240 schu01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:schu00670 schu01240 schu01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:schu00860 schu01240 schu01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinone [PATH:schu00130 schu01240 schu01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:schu00900 schu01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:schu00900 schu01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity