KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:sgh00010 sgh01200 sgh01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:sgh00010 sgh01200 sgh01230 sgh01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:sgh00010 sgh00020 sgh01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:sgh00010 sgh00020 sgh00620 sgh00785 sgh01200 sgh01210 sgh01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:sgh00020 sgh01200 sgh01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:sgh00020 sgh01200 sgh01210 sgh01230 sgh01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:sgh00020 sgh01200 sgh01210 sgh01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:sgh00030 sgh01200 sgh01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:sgh00030 sgh01200 sgh01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:sgh00030 sgh01200 sgh01230 sgh01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:sgh00030 sgh00230 sgh01200 sgh01230 sgh01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:sgh00040 sgh01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:sgh00052 sgh01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:sgh00500 sgh01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:sgh00500 sgh01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:sgh00520 sgh01250 sgh01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:sgh00520 sgh00052 sgh01250 sgh01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:sgh00520 sgh01250 sgh01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:sgh00280 sgh00630 sgh00640 sgh01200 sgh01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:sgh00562 sgh01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:sgh00562 sgh01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:sgh00562 sgh01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:sgh00190 sgh01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:sgh00190 sgh01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:sgh00190 sgh01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:sgh00190 sgh01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:sgh00190 sgh01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:sgh00190 sgh01100]
M00158 F-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:sgh00190 sgh01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:sgh00190 sgh01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:sgh00061 sgh01212 sgh01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:sgh00061 sgh01212 sgh01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:sgh00061 sgh01212 sgh01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:sgh00062 sgh01212 sgh01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:sgh00062 sgh01040 sgh01212 sgh01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:sgh00061 sgh00071 sgh01212 sgh01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:sgh00071 sgh01212 sgh01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:sgh01040 sgh01212 sgh01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:sgh00100 sgh01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:sgh00100 sgh01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:sgh00140 sgh01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:sgh00140 sgh01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:sgh00140 sgh01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:sgh00140 sgh01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:sgh00561 sgh01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:sgh00561 sgh01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:sgh00564 sgh01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:sgh00564 sgh01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:sgh00564 sgh01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:sgh00600 sgh01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:sgh00600 sgh01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:sgh00600 sgh00565 sgh01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:sgh00600 sgh01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:sgh00600 sgh01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:sgh00230 sgh01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:sgh00230 sgh01232 sgh01240 sgh01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:sgh00230 sgh01232 sgh01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:sgh00230 sgh00240 sgh01232 sgh01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:sgh00230 sgh01232 sgh01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:sgh00230 sgh01232 sgh01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:sgh00230 sgh01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:sgh00240 sgh01240 sgh01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:sgh00240 sgh01232 sgh01240 sgh01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:sgh00240 sgh00410 sgh00770 sgh01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:sgh00260 sgh01200 sgh01230 sgh01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:sgh00260 sgh00630 sgh00785 sgh01200 sgh01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:sgh00260 sgh01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:sgh00260 sgh01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:sgh00260 sgh00270 sgh01230 sgh01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:sgh00270 sgh01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:sgh00270 sgh01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:sgh00280 sgh01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:sgh00310 sgh01210 sgh01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:sgh00220 sgh01230 sgh01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:sgh00220 sgh01230 sgh01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:sgh00330 sgh01230 sgh01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:sgh00330 sgh01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:sgh00330 sgh01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:sgh00330 sgh00260 sgh01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:sgh00330 sgh01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:sgh00330 sgh01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:sgh00340 sgh01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:sgh00350 sgh01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:sgh00350 sgh01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:sgh00350 sgh01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:sgh00380 sgh01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:sgh00380 sgh01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:sgh00250 sgh00650 sgh01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:sgh00480 sgh01240 sgh01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:sgh00510 sgh01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:sgh00510 sgh01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:sgh00510 sgh01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:sgh00515 sgh01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:sgh00601 sgh01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:sgh00601 sgh01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:sgh00604 sgh01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:sgh00532 sgh00534 sgh01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:sgh00532 sgh01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:sgh00534 sgh01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:sgh00531 sgh01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:sgh00531 sgh01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:sgh00531 sgh01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:sgh00531 sgh01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:sgh00770 sgh01240 sgh01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:sgh00785 sgh01240 sgh01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:sgh00785 sgh01240 sgh01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:sgh00790 sgh01240 sgh01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:sgh00790 sgh01240 sgh01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:sgh00670 sgh01240 sgh01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:sgh00860 sgh01240 sgh01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:sgh00130 sgh01240 sgh01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:sgh00900 sgh01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:sgh00900 sgh01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity