KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:shs00010 shs01200 shs01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:shs00010 shs01200 shs01230 shs01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:shs00010 shs00020 shs01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:shs00010 shs00020 shs00620 shs00785 shs01200 shs01210 shs01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:shs00020 shs01200 shs01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:shs00020 shs01200 shs01210 shs01230 shs01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:shs00020 shs01200 shs01210 shs01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:shs00030 shs01200 shs01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:shs00030 shs01200 shs01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:shs00030 shs01200 shs01230 shs01100]
M00580 Pentose phosphate pathway, archaea, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:shs00030 shs01200 shs01230 shs01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:shs00030 shs00230 shs01200 shs01230 shs01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00081 Pectin degradation [PATH:shs00040 shs01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:shs00052 shs01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:shs00500 shs01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:shs00500 shs01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:shs00520 shs01250 shs01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:shs00520 shs00052 shs01250 shs01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:shs00520 shs01250 shs01100]
M00909 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:shs00520 shs01250 shs01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:shs00630 shs01200 shs01100 shs01110]
M00013 Malonate semialdehyde pathway, propanoyl-CoA => acetyl-CoA [PATH:shs00410 shs00640 shs01200 shs01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:shs00430 shs00620 shs01200 shs01100]

Methane metabolism
M00345 Formaldehyde assimilation, ribulose monophosphate pathway [PATH:shs00030 shs00680 shs01200 shs01230 shs01100]
M00344 Formaldehyde assimilation, xylulose monophosphate pathway [PATH:shs00680 shs01200 shs01100]

Nitrogen metabolism
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:shs00910 shs01100]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:shs00920 shs01100]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:shs00190 shs01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:shs00190 shs01100]
M00416 Cytochrome aa3-600 menaquinol oxidase [PATH:shs00190 shs01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:shs00190 shs01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:shs00061 shs01212 shs01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:shs00061 shs01212 shs01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:shs00061 shs00071 shs01212 shs01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:shs00561 shs01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:shs00564 shs01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:shs00564 shs01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:shs00600 shs01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:shs00600 shs01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:shs00600 shs01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:shs00230 shs01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:shs00230 shs01232 shs01240 shs01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:shs00230 shs01232 shs01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:shs00230 shs00240 shs01232 shs01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:shs00240 shs01240 shs01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:shs00240 shs01232 shs01240 shs01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:shs00240 shs01232 shs01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:shs00260 shs01230 shs01100 shs01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:shs00260 shs00630 shs00785 shs01200 shs01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:shs00260 shs01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:shs00270 shs00920 shs01200 shs01230 shs01100 shs01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:shs00260 shs00270 shs01230 shs01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:shs00270 shs01230 shs01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:shs00270 shs01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:shs00290 shs00770 shs01210 shs01230 shs01100 shs01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:shs00290 shs01230 shs01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:shs00290 shs01210 shs01230 shs01100 shs01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:shs00280 shs01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00030 Lysine biosynthesis, AAA pathway, 2-oxoglutarate => 2-aminoadipate => lysine [PATH:shs00300 shs01230 shs01100]
M00433 Lysine biosynthesis, 2-oxoglutarate => 2-oxoadipate [PATH:shs00300 shs01210 shs01230 shs01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:shs00220 shs01230 shs01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:shs00330 shs01230 shs01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:shs00330 shs01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:shs00330 shs01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:shs00330 shs01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:shs00340 shs01230 shs01100 shs01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:shs00340 shs01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:shs00400 shs01230 shs01100 shs01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:shs00400 shs01230 shs01100 shs01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:shs00400 shs01230 shs01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:shs00250 shs00650 shs01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:shs00510 shs01100]
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:shs00510 shs00513 shs01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:shs00510 shs01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:shs00730 shs01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:shs00740 shs01240 shs01100 shs01110]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:shs00750 shs01240 shs01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:shs00770 shs01240 shs01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:shs00780 shs01240 shs01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:shs00785 shs01240 shs01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:shs00790 shs00670 shs01240 shs01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:shs00790 shs01240 shs01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:shs00670 shs01240 shs01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:shs00670 shs01240 shs01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:shs00860 shs01240 shs01100 shs01110]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:shs00860 shs01240 shs01100 shs01110]
M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH:shs00860 shs01240 shs01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:shs00130 shs01240 shs01100]
M00116 Menaquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => menaquinol [PATH:shs00130 shs01240 shs01100 shs01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:shs00900 shs01100 shs01110]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:shs00900 shs01100 shs01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
M00876 Staphyloferrin A biosynthesis, L-ornithine => staphyloferrin A [PATH:shs01100 shs01110]

Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00627 beta-Lactam resistance, Bla system [PATH:shs01501]
M00700 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump AbcA
M00702 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump NorB

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00615 Nitrate assimilation