KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:sit00010 sit01200 sit01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:sit00010 sit01200 sit01230 sit01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:sit00010 sit00020 sit01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:sit00010 sit00020 sit00620 sit00785 sit01200 sit01210 sit01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:sit00020 sit01200 sit01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:sit00020 sit01200 sit01210 sit01230 sit01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:sit00020 sit01200 sit01210 sit01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:sit00030 sit01200 sit01100 sit01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:sit00030 sit01200 sit01100 sit01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:sit00030 sit01200 sit01230 sit01100 sit01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:sit00030 sit00230 sit01200 sit01230 sit01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:sit00030 sit01200 sit01100 sit01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:sit00040 sit00030 sit01100]
M00081 Pectin degradation [PATH:sit00040 sit01100]
M00552 D-galactonate degradation, De Ley-Doudoroff pathway, D-galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH:sit00052 sit01100]
M00114 Ascorbate biosynthesis, plants, fructose-6P => ascorbate [PATH:sit00051 sit00053 sit01240 sit01100 sit01110]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:sit00500 sit01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:sit00630 sit01200 sit01100 sit01110]
M00373 Ethylmalonyl pathway [PATH:sit00630 sit01200 sit01100 sit01120]
M00532 Photorespiration [PATH:sit00630 sit01200 sit01100 sit01110]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:sit00280 sit00630 sit00640 sit01200 sit01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:sit00562 sit01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00165 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) [PATH:sit00710 sit01200 sit01100 sit01120]
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:sit00620 sit00710 sit01200 sit01100 sit01120]
M00169 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), light [PATH:sit00620 sit00710 sit01200 sit01100 sit01120]
M00172 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NADP - malic enzyme type [PATH:sit00620 sit00710 sit01200 sit01100 sit01120]
M00171 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NAD - malic enzyme type [PATH:sit00710 sit01200 sit01100 sit01120]
M00170 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase type [PATH:sit00710 sit01200 sit01100 sit01120]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:sit00910 sit01100 sit01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00987 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, plants, sulfate => H2S [PATH:sit00920 sit01320 sit01100]

Photosynthesis
M00161 Photosystem II [PATH:sit01100]
M00163 Photosystem I [PATH:sit01100]

ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:sit00190 sit01100]
M00145 NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, chloroplasts and cyanobacteria [PATH:sit00190 sit01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:sit00190 sit01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:sit00190 sit01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:sit00190 sit01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:sit00190 sit01100]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:sit00190 sit01100]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:sit00190 sit01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:sit00190 sit01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:sit00061 sit01212 sit01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:sit00061 sit01212 sit01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:sit01040 sit01212 sit01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:sit00061 sit00071 sit01212 sit01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:sit00071 sit01212 sit01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00917 Phytosterol biosynthesis, squalene 2,3-epoxide => campesterol/sitosterol [PATH:sit01100 sit01110]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:sit00561 sit01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:sit00561 sit01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:sit00564 sit01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:sit00564 sit01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:sit00564 sit01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:sit00600 sit01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:sit00600 sit01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:sit00600 sit01100]
M00113 Jasmonic acid biosynthesis [PATH:sit00592 sit01100 sit01110]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:sit00230 sit01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:sit00230 sit01232 sit01240 sit01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:sit00230 sit01232 sit01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:sit00230 sit00240 sit01232 sit01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:sit00230 sit01232 sit01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:sit00230 sit01232 sit01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:sit00240 sit01232 sit01240 sit01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:sit00240 sit01232 sit01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:sit00240 sit00410 sit00770 sit01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:sit00260 sit00680 sit01200 sit01230 sit01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:sit00260 sit01230 sit01100 sit01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:sit00260 sit00630 sit00670 sit00785 sit01200 sit01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:sit00260 sit00670 sit01100]
M00033 Ectoine biosynthesis, aspartate => ectoine [PATH:sit00260 sit01210 sit01230 sit01100 sit01120]
M00919 Ectoine degradation, ectoine => aspartate [PATH:sit00260 sit01100 sit01120]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:sit00270 sit00920 sit01320 sit01200 sit01230 sit01100 sit01110]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:sit00270 sit01100]
M00368 Ethylene biosynthesis, methionine => ethylene [PATH:sit00270 sit01100 sit01110]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:sit00290 sit00770 sit01210 sit01230 sit01100 sit01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:sit00290 sit01230 sit01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:sit00290 sit01210 sit01230 sit01100 sit01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:sit00280 sit01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:sit00300 sit01230 sit01100]
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:sit00300 sit01230 sit01100 sit01110]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:sit00220 sit01210 sit01230 sit01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:sit00220 sit01230 sit01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:sit00330 sit01230 sit01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:sit00330 sit01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:sit00330 sit01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:sit00330 sit01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:sit00340 sit01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:sit00400 sit01230 sit01100 sit01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:sit00400 sit01230 sit01100 sit01110]
M00910 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => phenylalanine [PATH:sit00400 sit01230 sit01100 sit01110]
M00040 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => tyrosine [PATH:sit00400 sit01230 sit01100 sit01110]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:sit00350 sit01100]
M00936 Melatonin biosynthesis, plants, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:sit00380 sit01100 sit01110]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:sit00250 sit00650 sit01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:sit00480 sit01240 sit01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00892 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, eukaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:sit00520 sit01250 sit01100]
M00909 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, prokaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:sit00520 sit01250 sit01100]
M01003 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, GlcNAc => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:sit00520]
M00995 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, Fru-6P => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:sit00520]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:sit00520 sit01250 sit01100]
M00998 UDP-L-Ara biosynthesis, L-Ala => UDP-L-Ala [PATH:sit00520]
M00997 UDP-Xyl/L-Ara biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-Xyl => UDP-L-Ala [PATH:sit00520]
M00994 UDP-GlcA biosynthesis, myo-inositol => GlcA => UDP-GlcA [PATH:sit00562 sit00520 sit00053 sit00040]
M00999 UDP-GlcA/GalA biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-GlcA => UDP-GalA [PATH:sit00520 sit00053]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:sit00520]
M01001 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, L-Fuc => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:sit00520]
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis, glucose-1P => dTDP-L-Rha [PATH:sit00521 sit00523 sit00541 sit01250 sit01100 sit01110]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:sit01100]
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:sit01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00897 Thiamine biosynthesis, plants, AIR (+ NAD+) => TMP/thiamine/TPP [PATH:sit00730 sit01240 sit01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:sit00730 sit01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:sit00740 sit01240 sit01100 sit01110]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:sit00750 sit01240 sit01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:sit00760 sit01240 sit01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:sit00770 sit01240 sit01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:sit00780 sit01240 sit01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:sit00785 sit01240 sit01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:sit00785 sit01240 sit01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:sit00790 sit00670 sit01240 sit01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:sit00790 sit01240 sit01100]
M00988 PreQ1 biosynthesis, GTP => 7-Aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine [PATH:sit00790 sit01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:sit00670 sit01240 sit01100]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:sit00860 sit01240 sit01100 sit01110]
M00925 Cobalamin biosynthesis, aerobic, uroporphyrinogen III => precorrin 2 => cobyrinate a,c-diamide [PATH:sit00860 sit01240 sit01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:sit00860 sit01240 sit01100]
M00932 Phylloquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ phytyl-PP) => phylloquinol [PATH:sit00130 sit01240 sit01100 sit01110]
M00112 Tocopherol/tocotorienol biosynthesis, homogentisate + phytyl/geranylgeranyl-PP => tocopherol/tocotorienol [PATH:sit00130 sit01240 sit01100 sit01110]
M00933 Plastoquinone biosynthesis, homogentisate + solanesyl-PP => plastoquinol [PATH:sit00130 sit01240 sit01100 sit01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:sit00900 sit01100 sit01110]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:sit00900 sit01100 sit01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:sit00900 sit01100 sit01110]
M00366 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, plants [PATH:sit00900 sit01100 sit01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
M00097 beta-Carotene biosynthesis, GGAP => beta-carotene [PATH:sit00906 sit01100 sit01110]
M00372 Abscisic acid biosynthesis, beta-carotene => abscisic acid [PATH:sit00906 sit01100 sit01110]
M00927 Gibberellin A12 biosynthesis, GAPP => GA12 [PATH:sit01100 sit01110]
M00928 Gibberellin A4/A1 biosynthesis, GA12/GA53 => GA4/GA1 [PATH:sit01100 sit01110]

Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
M00039 Monolignol biosynthesis, phenylalanine/tyrosine => monolignol [PATH:sit01100 sit01110]
M00137 Flavanone biosynthesis, phenylalanine => naringenin [PATH:sit01100 sit01110]
M00138 Flavonoid biosynthesis, naringenin => pelargonidin [PATH:sit01100 sit01110]
M00953 Mugineic acid biosynthesis, methionine => 3-epihydroxymugineic acid [PATH:sit00999 sit01100 sit01110]

Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00611 Oxygenic photosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria
M00615 Nitrate assimilation