KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:smo00010 smo01200 smo01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:smo00010 smo01200 smo01230 smo01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:smo00010 smo00020 smo01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:smo00010 smo00020 smo00620 smo00785 smo01200 smo01210 smo01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:smo00020 smo01200 smo01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:smo00020 smo01200 smo01210 smo01230 smo01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:smo00020 smo01200 smo01210 smo01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:smo00030 smo01200 smo01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:smo00030 smo01200 smo01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:smo00030 smo01200 smo01230 smo01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:smo00030 smo00230 smo01200 smo01230 smo01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:smo00030 smo01200 smo01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00631 D-Galacturonate degradation (bacteria), D-galacturonate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:smo00040 smo00030 smo01100]
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:smo00040 smo00030 smo01100]
M00081 Pectin degradation [PATH:smo00040 smo01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:smo00052 smo01100]
M00114 Ascorbate biosynthesis, plants, fructose-6P => ascorbate [PATH:smo00051 smo00053 smo01240 smo01100 smo01110]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:smo00500 smo01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:smo00500 smo01100]
M00565 Trehalose biosynthesis, D-glucose 1P => trehalose [PATH:smo00500 smo01100 smo01110]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:smo00630 smo01200 smo01100 smo01110]
M00532 Photorespiration [PATH:smo00630 smo01200 smo01100 smo01110]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:smo00280 smo00630 smo00640 smo01200 smo01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:smo00562 smo01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00165 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) [PATH:smo00710 smo01200 smo01100]
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:smo00620 smo00710 smo01200 smo01100]
M00169 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), light [PATH:smo00620 smo00710 smo01200 smo01100]
M00172 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NADP - malic enzyme type [PATH:smo00620 smo00710 smo01200 smo01100]
M00171 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NAD - malic enzyme type [PATH:smo00710 smo01200 smo01100]
M00170 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase type [PATH:smo00710 smo01200 smo01100]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:smo00430 smo00620 smo01200 smo01100]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:smo00910 smo01310 smo01100]
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:smo00910 smo01310 smo01100]

Sulfur metabolism
M00987 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, plants, sulfate => H2S [PATH:smo00920 smo01320 smo01100]
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:smo00920 smo01320 smo01100]

Photosynthesis
M00163 Photosystem I [PATH:smo00195 smo01100]

ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:smo00190 smo01100]
M00145 NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, chloroplasts and cyanobacteria [PATH:smo00190 smo01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:smo00190 smo01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:smo00190 smo01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:smo00190 smo01100]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:smo00190 smo01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:smo00190 smo00195 smo01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:smo00061 smo01212 smo01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:smo00061 smo01212 smo01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:smo00062 smo01040 smo01212 smo01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:smo00061 smo00071 smo01212 smo01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:smo00071 smo01212 smo01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00917 Phytosterol biosynthesis, squalene 2,3-epoxide => campesterol/sitosterol [PATH:smo00100 smo01100 smo01110]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:smo00561 smo01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:smo00561 smo01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:smo00564 smo01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:smo00564 smo01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:smo00564 smo01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:smo00600 smo01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:smo00600 smo01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:smo00600 smo01100]
M00113 Jasmonic acid biosynthesis [PATH:smo00592 smo01100 smo01110]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:smo00230 smo01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:smo00230 smo01232 smo01240 smo01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:smo00230 smo01232 smo01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:smo00230 smo00240 smo01232 smo01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:smo00230 smo01232 smo01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:smo00240 smo01232 smo01240 smo01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:smo00240 smo01232 smo01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:smo00240 smo00410 smo00770 smo01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:smo00260 smo01200 smo01230 smo01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:smo00260 smo01230 smo01100 smo01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:smo00260 smo00630 smo00670 smo00785 smo01200 smo01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:smo00260 smo00670 smo01100]
M00033 Ectoine biosynthesis, aspartate => ectoine [PATH:smo00260 smo01210 smo01230 smo01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:smo00270 smo00920 smo01320 smo01200 smo01230 smo01100 smo01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:smo00260 smo00270 smo00670 smo01230 smo01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:smo00270 smo01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:smo00270 smo00670 smo01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:smo00290 smo00770 smo01210 smo01230 smo01100 smo01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:smo00290 smo01230 smo01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:smo00290 smo01210 smo01230 smo01100 smo01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:smo00280 smo01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:smo00300 smo01230 smo01100]
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:smo00300 smo01230 smo01100 smo01110]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:smo00220 smo01210 smo01230 smo01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:smo00220 smo01230 smo01100]
M00978 Ornithine-ammonia cycle [PATH:smo00220 smo01100 smo01110]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:smo00330 smo01230 smo01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:smo00330 smo01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:smo00330 smo01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:smo00330 smo01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:smo00330 smo01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:smo00340 smo01230 smo01100 smo01110]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:smo00400 smo01230 smo01100 smo01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:smo00400 smo01230 smo01100 smo01110]
M00910 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => phenylalanine [PATH:smo00400 smo01230 smo01100 smo01110]
M00040 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => tyrosine [PATH:smo00400 smo01230 smo01100 smo01110]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:smo00250 smo00650 smo01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:smo00480 smo01240 smo01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00892 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, eukaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:smo00520 smo01250 smo01100]
M00909 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, prokaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:smo00520 smo01250 smo01100]
M01003 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, GlcNAc => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:smo00520]
M00995 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, Fru-6P => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:smo00520]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:smo00520 smo01250 smo01100]
M01004 UDP-Galf biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-Galf [PATH:smo00520 smo00052]
M00998 UDP-L-Ara biosynthesis, L-Ala => UDP-L-Ala [PATH:smo00520]
M00997 UDP-Xyl/L-Ara biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-Xyl => UDP-L-Ala [PATH:smo00520]
M00994 UDP-GlcA biosynthesis, myo-inositol => GlcA => UDP-GlcA [PATH:smo00562 smo00520 smo00053 smo00040]
M00999 UDP-GlcA/GalA biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-GlcA => UDP-GalA [PATH:smo00520 smo00053]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:smo00520 smo00052 smo01250 smo01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:smo00520]
M00063 CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate biosynthesis, ribulose-5P => CMP-KDO [PATH:smo00541 smo01250 smo01100]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis, sedoheptulose-7P => ADP-LDmanHep [PATH:smo00541 smo01250 smo01100]
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis, glucose-1P => dTDP-L-Rha [PATH:smo00541 smo01250 smo01100 smo01110]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:smo00510 smo01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:smo00510 smo01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00897 Thiamine biosynthesis, plants, AIR (+ NAD+) => TMP/thiamine/TPP [PATH:smo00730 smo01240 smo01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:smo00730 smo01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:smo00740 smo01240 smo01100 smo01110]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:smo00750 smo01240 smo01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:smo00760 smo01240 smo01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:smo00770 smo01240 smo01100 smo01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:smo00770 smo01240 smo01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:smo00780 smo01240 smo01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:smo00785 smo01240 smo01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:smo00785 smo01240 smo01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:smo00790 smo00670 smo01240 smo01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:smo00790 smo01240 smo01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:smo00860 smo01240 smo01100 smo01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:smo00860 smo01240 smo01100 smo01110]
M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH:smo00860 smo01240 smo01100]
M00925 Cobalamin biosynthesis, aerobic, uroporphyrinogen III => precorrin 2 => cobyrinate a,c-diamide [PATH:smo00860 smo01240 smo01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:smo00860 smo01240 smo01100]
M00930 Menaquinone biosynthesis, futalosine pathway [PATH:smo00130 smo01240 smo01100]
M00932 Phylloquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ phytyl-PP) => phylloquinol [PATH:smo00130 smo01240 smo01100 smo01110]
M00112 Tocopherol/tocotorienol biosynthesis, homogentisate + phytyl/geranylgeranyl-PP => tocopherol/tocotorienol [PATH:smo00130 smo01240 smo01100 smo01110]
M00933 Plastoquinone biosynthesis, homogentisate + solanesyl-PP => plastoquinol [PATH:smo00130 smo01240 smo01100 smo01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:smo00900 smo01100 smo01110]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:smo00900 smo01100 smo01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:smo00900 smo01100 smo01110]
M00366 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, plants [PATH:smo00900 smo01100 smo01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
M00097 beta-Carotene biosynthesis, GGAP => beta-carotene [PATH:smo00906 smo01100 smo01110]
M00928 Gibberellin A4/A1 biosynthesis, GA12/GA53 => GA4/GA1 [PATH:smo00904 smo01100 smo01110]

Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
M00778 Type II polyketide backbone biosynthesis, acyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA => polyketide [PATH:smo01100 smo01110]

Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
M00137 Flavanone biosynthesis, phenylalanine => naringenin [PATH:smo00940 smo00941 smo01100 smo01110]
M00940 Flavanone biosynthesis, p-coumaroyl-CoA => liquiritigenin [PATH:smo00941 smo01100 smo01110]

Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00611 Oxygenic photosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria
M00615 Nitrate assimilation