KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:ssco00010 ssco01200 ssco01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:ssco00010 ssco01200 ssco01230 ssco01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:ssco00010 ssco00020 ssco01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:ssco00010 ssco00020 ssco00620 ssco00785 ssco01200 ssco01210 ssco01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:ssco00020 ssco01200 ssco01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:ssco00020 ssco01200 ssco01210 ssco01230 ssco01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:ssco00020 ssco01200 ssco01210 ssco01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:ssco00030 ssco01200 ssco01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:ssco00030 ssco01200 ssco01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:ssco00030 ssco01200 ssco01230 ssco01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:ssco00030 ssco00230 ssco01200 ssco01230 ssco01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:ssco00040 ssco01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:ssco00052 ssco01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:ssco00500 ssco01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:ssco00500 ssco01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:ssco00280 ssco00630 ssco00640 ssco01200 ssco01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:ssco00562 ssco01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:ssco00562 ssco01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:ssco00562 ssco01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:ssco00190 ssco01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:ssco00190 ssco01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:ssco00190 ssco01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:ssco00190 ssco01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:ssco00061 ssco01212 ssco01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:ssco00061 ssco01212 ssco01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:ssco00061 ssco01212 ssco01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:ssco00062 ssco01212 ssco01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:ssco00062 ssco01040 ssco01212 ssco01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:ssco00061 ssco00071 ssco01212 ssco01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:ssco00071 ssco01212 ssco01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:ssco01040 ssco01212 ssco01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:ssco00100 ssco01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:ssco00100 ssco01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:ssco00140 ssco01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:ssco00140 ssco01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:ssco00140 ssco01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:ssco00140 ssco01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:ssco00561 ssco01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:ssco00561 ssco01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:ssco00564 ssco01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:ssco00564 ssco01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:ssco00564 ssco01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:ssco00600 ssco01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:ssco00600 ssco01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:ssco00600 ssco00565 ssco01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:ssco00600 ssco01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:ssco00600 ssco01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:ssco00230 ssco01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:ssco00230 ssco01232 ssco01240 ssco01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:ssco00230 ssco01232 ssco01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:ssco00230 ssco00240 ssco01232 ssco01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:ssco00230 ssco01232 ssco01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:ssco00230 ssco01232 ssco01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:ssco00230 ssco01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:ssco00240 ssco01240 ssco01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:ssco00240 ssco01232 ssco01240 ssco01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:ssco00240 ssco01232 ssco01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:ssco00240 ssco00410 ssco00770 ssco01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:ssco00260 ssco01200 ssco01230 ssco01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:ssco00260 ssco00630 ssco00670 ssco00785 ssco01200 ssco01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:ssco00260 ssco00670 ssco01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:ssco00260 ssco00670 ssco01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:ssco00260 ssco00270 ssco00670 ssco01230 ssco01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:ssco00270 ssco01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:ssco00270 ssco00670 ssco01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:ssco00310 ssco01210 ssco01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:ssco00220 ssco01230 ssco01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:ssco00220 ssco01230 ssco01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:ssco00330 ssco01230 ssco01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:ssco00330 ssco01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:ssco00330 ssco01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:ssco00330 ssco00260 ssco01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:ssco00330 ssco01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:ssco00330 ssco01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:ssco00340 ssco01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:ssco00350 ssco01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:ssco00350 ssco01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:ssco00350 ssco01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:ssco00380 ssco01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:ssco00380 ssco01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:ssco00250 ssco00650 ssco01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:ssco00480 ssco01240 ssco01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00892 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, eukaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:ssco00520 ssco01250 ssco01100]
M01003 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, GlcNAc => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:ssco00520 ssco01250 ssco01100]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:ssco00520 ssco01250 ssco01100]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:ssco00520 ssco00052 ssco01250 ssco01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:ssco00520 ssco00051 ssco01250 ssco01100]
M01015 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Man => GDP-Man [PATH:ssco00520 ssco00051 ssco01250 ssco01100]
M01001 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, L-Fuc => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:ssco00520 ssco01250 ssco01100]
M00955 CMP-Neu5Ac/Neu5Gc biosynthesis, animals, UDP-GlcNAc => CMP-Neu5Ac => CMP-Neu5Gc [PATH:ssco00541 ssco01250 ssco01100]
M01016 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, GDP-Man => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:ssco00541 ssco00051 ssco01250 ssco01100]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:ssco00510 ssco00513 ssco01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:ssco00510 ssco01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:ssco00510 ssco01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:ssco00515 ssco01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:ssco00563 ssco01100]
M00983 GPI-anchor remodeling [PATH:ssco00563 ssco01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:ssco00601 ssco01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:ssco00601 ssco01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:ssco00604 ssco01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:ssco00532 ssco00534 ssco01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:ssco00532 ssco01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:ssco00534 ssco01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:ssco00531 ssco01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:ssco00531 ssco01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:ssco00531 ssco01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:ssco00531 ssco01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:ssco00380 ssco00760 ssco01240 ssco01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:ssco00770 ssco01240 ssco01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:ssco00785 ssco01240 ssco01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:ssco00785 ssco01240 ssco01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:ssco00790 ssco01240 ssco01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:ssco00790 ssco01240 ssco01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:ssco00670 ssco01240 ssco01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:ssco00860 ssco01240 ssco01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinone [PATH:ssco00130 ssco01240 ssco01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:ssco00900 ssco01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:ssco00900 ssco01100]

Terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Biosynthesis of other compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity