KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:tvp00010 tvp01200 tvp01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:tvp00010 tvp01200 tvp01230 tvp01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:tvp00010 tvp00020 tvp01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:tvp00010 tvp00020 tvp00620 tvp00785 tvp01200 tvp01210 tvp01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:tvp00020 tvp01200 tvp01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:tvp00020 tvp01200 tvp01210 tvp01230 tvp01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:tvp00020 tvp01200 tvp01210 tvp01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:tvp00030 tvp01200 tvp01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:tvp00030 tvp01200 tvp01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:tvp00030 tvp01200 tvp01230 tvp01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:tvp00030 tvp00230 tvp01200 tvp01230 tvp01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:tvp00040 tvp01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:tvp00052 tvp01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:tvp00040 tvp00053 tvp01240 tvp01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:tvp00500 tvp01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:tvp00500 tvp01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:tvp00280 tvp00630 tvp00640 tvp01200 tvp01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:tvp00562 tvp01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:tvp00562 tvp01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:tvp00562 tvp01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:tvp00190 tvp01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:tvp00190 tvp01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:tvp00190 tvp01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:tvp00190 tvp01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:tvp00190 tvp01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:tvp00190 tvp01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:tvp00190 tvp01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:tvp00190 tvp01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:tvp00190 tvp01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:tvp00061 tvp01212 tvp01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:tvp00061 tvp01212 tvp01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:tvp00061 tvp01212 tvp01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:tvp00062 tvp01212 tvp01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:tvp00062 tvp01040 tvp01212 tvp01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:tvp00061 tvp00071 tvp01212 tvp01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:tvp00071 tvp01212 tvp01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:tvp01040 tvp01212 tvp01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:tvp00100 tvp01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:tvp00120 tvp01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:tvp00120 tvp01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:tvp00140 tvp01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:tvp00140 tvp01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:tvp00140 tvp01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:tvp00140 tvp01100]
M00977 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis (androgen backdoor pathway), pregnenolone => androsterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:tvp00140 tvp01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:tvp00561 tvp01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:tvp00561 tvp01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:tvp00564 tvp01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:tvp00564 tvp01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:tvp00564 tvp01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:tvp00600 tvp01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:tvp00600 tvp01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:tvp00600 tvp00565 tvp01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:tvp00600 tvp01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:tvp00600 tvp01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:tvp00230 tvp01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:tvp00230 tvp01232 tvp01240 tvp01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:tvp00230 tvp01232 tvp01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:tvp00230 tvp00240 tvp01232 tvp01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:tvp00230 tvp01232 tvp01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:tvp00230 tvp01232 tvp01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:tvp00230 tvp01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:tvp00240 tvp01240 tvp01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:tvp00240 tvp01232 tvp01240 tvp01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:tvp00240 tvp01232 tvp01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:tvp00240 tvp00410 tvp00770 tvp01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:tvp00260 tvp01200 tvp01230 tvp01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:tvp00260 tvp00630 tvp00670 tvp00785 tvp01200 tvp01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:tvp00260 tvp00670 tvp01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:tvp00260 tvp00670 tvp01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:tvp00260 tvp00270 tvp00670 tvp01230 tvp01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:tvp00270 tvp01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:tvp00270 tvp00670 tvp01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:tvp00280 tvp01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:tvp00310 tvp01210 tvp01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:tvp00220 tvp01230 tvp01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:tvp00220 tvp01230 tvp01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:tvp00330 tvp01230 tvp01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:tvp00330 tvp01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:tvp00330 tvp01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:tvp00330 tvp00260 tvp01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:tvp00330 tvp01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:tvp00330 tvp01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:tvp00340 tvp01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:tvp00350 tvp01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:tvp00350 tvp01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:tvp00350 tvp01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:tvp00380 tvp01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:tvp00380 tvp01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:tvp00250 tvp00650 tvp01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:tvp00480 tvp01240 tvp01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00892 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, eukaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:tvp00520 tvp01250 tvp01100]
M01003 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, GlcNAc => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:tvp00520]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:tvp00520 tvp01250 tvp01100]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:tvp00520 tvp00052 tvp01250 tvp01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:tvp00520]
M01001 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, L-Fuc => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:tvp00520]
M00955 CMP-Neu5Ac/Neu5Gc biosynthesis, animals, UDP-GlcNAc => CMP-Neu5Ac => CMP-Neu5Gc [PATH:tvp00541 tvp01250]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:tvp00510 tvp01100]
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:tvp00510 tvp00513 tvp01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:tvp00510 tvp01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:tvp00510 tvp01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:tvp00515 tvp01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:tvp00563 tvp01100]
M00983 GPI-anchor remodeling [PATH:tvp00563 tvp01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:tvp00601 tvp01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:tvp00601 tvp01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:tvp00603 tvp01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:tvp00604 tvp01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:tvp00532 tvp00534 tvp01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:tvp00532 tvp01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:tvp00534 tvp01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:tvp00531 tvp01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:tvp00531 tvp01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:tvp00531 tvp01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:tvp00531 tvp01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:tvp00380 tvp00760 tvp01240 tvp01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:tvp00770 tvp01240 tvp01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:tvp00785 tvp01240 tvp01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:tvp00785 tvp01240 tvp01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:tvp00790 tvp01240 tvp01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:tvp00790 tvp01240 tvp01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:tvp00670 tvp01240 tvp01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:tvp00860 tvp01240 tvp01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinone [PATH:tvp00130 tvp01240 tvp01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:tvp00900 tvp01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:tvp00900 tvp01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity