KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:umr00010 umr01200 umr01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:umr00010 umr01200 umr01230 umr01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:umr00010 umr00020 umr01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:umr00010 umr00020 umr00620 umr00785 umr01200 umr01210 umr01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:umr00020 umr01200 umr01210 umr01230 umr01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:umr00030 umr01200 umr01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:umr00030 umr01200 umr01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:umr00030 umr01200 umr01230 umr01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:umr00030 umr00230 umr01200 umr01230 umr01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:umr00040 umr01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:umr00052 umr01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:umr00040 umr00053 umr01240 umr01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:umr00500 umr01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:umr00500 umr01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:umr00520 umr01250 umr01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:umr00520 umr00052 umr01250 umr01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:umr00520 umr01250 umr01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:umr00280 umr00630 umr00640 umr01200 umr01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:umr00562 umr01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:umr00562 umr01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:umr00562 umr01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:umr00190 umr01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:umr00190 umr01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:umr00190 umr01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:umr00190 umr01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:umr00190 umr01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:umr00190 umr01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:umr00190 umr01100]
M00158 F-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:umr00190 umr01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:umr00190 umr01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:umr00061 umr01212 umr01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:umr00061 umr01212 umr01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:umr00061 umr01212 umr01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:umr00062 umr01212 umr01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:umr00062 umr01040 umr01212 umr01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:umr00061 umr00071 umr01212 umr01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:umr00071 umr01212 umr01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:umr01040 umr01212 umr01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:umr00100 umr01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:umr00100 umr01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:umr00120 umr01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:umr00120 umr01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:umr00140 umr01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:umr00140 umr01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:umr00140 umr01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:umr00140 umr01100]
M00977 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis (androgen backdoor pathway), pregnenolone => androsterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:umr00140 umr01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:umr00561 umr01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:umr00561 umr01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:umr00564 umr01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:umr00564 umr01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:umr00564 umr01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:umr00600 umr01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:umr00600 umr01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:umr00600 umr00565 umr01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:umr00600 umr01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:umr00600 umr01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:umr00230 umr01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:umr00230 umr01232 umr01240 umr01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:umr00230 umr01232 umr01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:umr00230 umr00240 umr01232 umr01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:umr00230 umr01232 umr01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:umr00230 umr01232 umr01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:umr00240 umr01240 umr01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:umr00240 umr01232 umr01240 umr01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:umr00240 umr01232 umr01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:umr00240 umr00410 umr00770 umr01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:umr00260 umr01200 umr01230 umr01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:umr00260 umr00630 umr00670 umr00785 umr01200 umr01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:umr00260 umr00670 umr01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:umr00260 umr00670 umr01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:umr00260 umr00270 umr00670 umr01230 umr01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:umr00270 umr01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:umr00270 umr00670 umr01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:umr00280 umr01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:umr00310 umr01210 umr01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:umr00220 umr01230 umr01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:umr00220 umr01230 umr01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:umr00330 umr01230 umr01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:umr00330 umr01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:umr00330 umr01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:umr00330 umr00260 umr01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:umr00330 umr01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:umr00330 umr01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:umr00340 umr01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:umr00350 umr01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:umr00350 umr01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:umr00350 umr01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:umr00380 umr01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:umr00380 umr01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:umr00250 umr00650 umr01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:umr00480 umr01240 umr01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:umr00510 umr01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:umr00510 umr01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:umr00510 umr01100]
M00056 O-glycan biosynthesis, mucin type core [PATH:umr00512 umr01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:umr00563 umr01100]
M00983 GPI-anchor remodeling [PATH:umr00563]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:umr00601 umr01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:umr00601 umr01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:umr00603 umr01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:umr00604 umr01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:umr00532 umr00534 umr01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:umr00532 umr01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:umr00534 umr01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:umr00531 umr01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:umr00531 umr01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:umr00531 umr01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:umr00531 umr01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:umr00380 umr00760 umr01240 umr01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:umr00785 umr01240 umr01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:umr00785 umr01240 umr01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:umr00790 umr01240 umr01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:umr00790 umr01240 umr01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:umr00670 umr01240 umr01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:umr00860 umr01240 umr01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:umr00130 umr01240 umr01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:umr00900 umr01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:umr00900 umr01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity