KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:vhr00010 vhr01200 vhr01230 vhr01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:vhr00010 vhr00020 vhr01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:vhr00010 vhr00020 vhr00620 vhr00785 vhr01200 vhr01210 vhr01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:vhr00020 vhr01200 vhr01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:vhr00020 vhr01200 vhr01210 vhr01230 vhr01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:vhr00020 vhr01200 vhr01210 vhr01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:vhr00030 vhr01200 vhr01100 vhr01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose-6P => ribulose-5P [PATH:vhr00030 vhr01200 vhr01100 vhr01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose-6P => ribose-5P [PATH:vhr00030 vhr01200 vhr01230 vhr01100 vhr01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose-5P => PRPP [PATH:vhr00030 vhr00230 vhr01200 vhr01230 vhr01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:vhr00030 vhr01200 vhr01100 vhr01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde-3P [PATH:vhr00040 vhr00030 vhr01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:vhr00052 vhr01100]
M00550 Ascorbate degradation, ascorbate => D-xylulose-5P [PATH:vhr00053 vhr01100 vhr01120]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:vhr00500 vhr01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:vhr00500 vhr01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:vhr00630 vhr01200 vhr01100 vhr01110]
M00982 Methylcitrate cycle [PATH:vhr00640 vhr00020 vhr01200 vhr01100 vhr01120]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:vhr00620 vhr00710 vhr01200 vhr01100 vhr01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:vhr00430 vhr00620 vhr00720 vhr01200 vhr01100 vhr01120]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:vhr00910 vhr01310 vhr01100 vhr01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:vhr00920 vhr01320 vhr01100 vhr01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:vhr00190 vhr01100]
M00150 Fumarate reductase, prokaryotes [PATH:vhr00190 vhr01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:vhr00190 vhr01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:vhr00190 vhr01100]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:vhr00190 vhr01100]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:vhr00190 vhr01100]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:vhr00190 vhr01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:vhr00190 vhr01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:vhr00061 vhr01212 vhr01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:vhr00061 vhr01212 vhr01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:vhr00061 vhr00071 vhr01212 vhr01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:vhr00071 vhr01212 vhr01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:vhr00564 vhr01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:vhr00230 vhr01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:vhr00230 vhr01232 vhr01240 vhr01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:vhr00230 vhr01232 vhr01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:vhr00230 vhr00240 vhr01232 vhr01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:vhr00240 vhr01240 vhr01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:vhr00240 vhr01232 vhr01240 vhr01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:vhr00260 vhr00680 vhr01200 vhr01230 vhr01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:vhr00260 vhr01230 vhr01100 vhr01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:vhr00260 vhr00630 vhr00670 vhr00785 vhr01200 vhr01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:vhr00260 vhr00670 vhr01100]
M00033 Ectoine biosynthesis, aspartate => ectoine [PATH:vhr00260 vhr01210 vhr01230 vhr01100 vhr01120]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:vhr00270 vhr00920 vhr01320 vhr01200 vhr01230 vhr01100 vhr01110]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:vhr00270 vhr01230 vhr01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:vhr00290 vhr00770 vhr01210 vhr01230 vhr01100 vhr01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:vhr00290 vhr01230 vhr01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:vhr00290 vhr01210 vhr01230 vhr01100 vhr01110]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:vhr00300 vhr01230 vhr01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:vhr00220 vhr01210 vhr01230 vhr01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:vhr00220 vhr01230 vhr01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:vhr00330 vhr01230 vhr01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:vhr00330 vhr01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:vhr00340 vhr01230 vhr01100 vhr01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:vhr00340 vhr01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:vhr00400 vhr01230 vhr01100 vhr01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:vhr00400 vhr01230 vhr01100 vhr01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:vhr00400 vhr01230 vhr01100 vhr01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:vhr00400 vhr01230 vhr01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:vhr00350 vhr01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:vhr00480 vhr01240 vhr01100]
M00948 Hydroxyproline degradation, trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:vhr00470 vhr01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00909 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, prokaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:vhr00520 vhr01250 vhr01100]
M00995 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, Fru-6P => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:vhr00520 vhr01250 vhr01100]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:vhr00520 vhr00052 vhr01250 vhr01100]
M00064 ADP-LDmanHep biosynthesis, sedoheptulose-7P => ADP-LDmanHep [PATH:vhr00541 vhr01250 vhr01100]

Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00060 KDO2-lipid A biosynthesis, Raetz pathway, LpxL-LpxM type [PATH:vhr00540 vhr01100]

Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00127 Thiamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, AIR (+ DXP/tyrosine) => TMP/TPP [PATH:vhr00730 vhr01240 vhr01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:vhr00730 vhr01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:vhr00740 vhr01240 vhr01100 vhr01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal phosphate biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:vhr00750 vhr01240 vhr01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:vhr00760 vhr01240 vhr01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:vhr00770 vhr01240 vhr01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:vhr00780 vhr01240 vhr01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:vhr00785 vhr01240 vhr01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:vhr00790 vhr00670 vhr01240 vhr01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:vhr00790 vhr01240 vhr01100]
M00988 PreQ1 biosynthesis, GTP => 7-Aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine [PATH:vhr00790 vhr01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:vhr00670 vhr01240 vhr01100]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:vhr00860 vhr01240 vhr01100 vhr01110]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:vhr00860 vhr01240 vhr01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:vhr00130 vhr01240 vhr01100 vhr01110]
M00989 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, O2-independent, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:vhr00130 vhr01240 vhr01100 vhr01110]
M00116 Menaquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => menaquinol [PATH:vhr00130 vhr01240 vhr01100 vhr01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:vhr00900 vhr01100 vhr01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:vhr00900 vhr01100 vhr01110]

Terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
M01059 Vibrioferrin biosynthesis, serine + citrate => vibrioferrin [PATH:vhr00975]

Biosynthesis of other compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity