KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:xco00010 xco01200 xco01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:xco00010 xco01200 xco01230 xco01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:xco00010 xco00020 xco01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:xco00010 xco00020 xco00620 xco00785 xco01200 xco01210 xco01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:xco00020 xco01200 xco01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:xco00020 xco01200 xco01210 xco01230 xco01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:xco00020 xco01200 xco01210 xco01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:xco00030 xco01200 xco01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:xco00030 xco01200 xco01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:xco00030 xco01200 xco01230 xco01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:xco00030 xco00230 xco01200 xco01230 xco01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:xco00040 xco01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:xco00052 xco01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:xco00500 xco01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:xco00500 xco01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:xco00520 xco01250 xco01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:xco00520 xco00052 xco01250 xco01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:xco00520 xco01250 xco01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:xco00280 xco00630 xco00640 xco01200 xco01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:xco00562 xco01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:xco00562 xco01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:xco00562 xco01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:xco00190 xco01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:xco00190 xco01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:xco00190 xco01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:xco00190 xco01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:xco00190 xco01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:xco00190 xco01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:xco00190 xco01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:xco00190 xco01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:xco00190 xco01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:xco00061 xco01212 xco01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:xco00061 xco01212 xco01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:xco00061 xco01212 xco01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:xco00062 xco01212 xco01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:xco00062 xco01040 xco01212 xco01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:xco00061 xco00071 xco01212 xco01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:xco00071 xco01212 xco01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:xco01040 xco01212 xco01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:xco00100 xco01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:xco00100 xco01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:xco00140 xco01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:xco00140 xco01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:xco00140 xco01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:xco00140 xco01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:xco00561 xco01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:xco00561 xco01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:xco00564 xco01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:xco00564 xco01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:xco00564 xco01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:xco00600 xco01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:xco00600 xco01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:xco00600 xco00565 xco01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:xco00600 xco01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:xco00600 xco01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:xco00230 xco01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:xco00230 xco01232 xco01240 xco01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:xco00230 xco01232 xco01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:xco00230 xco00240 xco01232 xco01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:xco00230 xco01232 xco01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:xco00230 xco01232 xco01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:xco00230 xco01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:xco00240 xco01240 xco01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:xco00240 xco01232 xco01240 xco01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:xco00240 xco01232 xco01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:xco00240 xco00410 xco00770 xco01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:xco00260 xco01200 xco01230 xco01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:xco00260 xco00630 xco00785 xco01200 xco01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:xco00260 xco01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:xco00260 xco01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:xco00260 xco00270 xco01230 xco01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:xco00270 xco01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:xco00270 xco01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:xco00280 xco01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:xco00310 xco01210 xco01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:xco00220 xco01230 xco01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:xco00220 xco01230 xco01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:xco00330 xco01230 xco01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:xco00330 xco01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:xco00330 xco01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:xco00330 xco00260 xco01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:xco00330 xco01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:xco00330 xco01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:xco00340 xco01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:xco00350 xco01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:xco00350 xco01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:xco00350 xco01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:xco00380 xco01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:xco00380 xco01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:xco00250 xco00650 xco01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:xco00480 xco01240 xco01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:xco00510 xco01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:xco00510 xco01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:xco00510 xco01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:xco00515 xco01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:xco00563 xco01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:xco00601 xco01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:xco00601 xco01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:xco00604 xco01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:xco00532 xco00534 xco01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:xco00532 xco01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:xco00534 xco01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:xco00531 xco01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:xco00531 xco01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:xco00531 xco01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:xco00531 xco01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:xco00380 xco00760 xco01240 xco01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:xco00770 xco01240 xco01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:xco00785 xco01240 xco01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:xco00785 xco01240 xco01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:xco00790 xco01240 xco01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:xco00790 xco01240 xco01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:xco00670 xco01240 xco01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:xco00860 xco01240 xco01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:xco00130 xco01240 xco01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:xco00900 xco01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:xco00900 xco01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity