| Entry |
Thumbnail |
Name |
Description |
Object |
Legend |
|
hsa05020
|
|
Prion disease
|
Prion diseases, also termed transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), are a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases that affect humans and a number of other animal species. The etiology of these ...
|
C00575 (3',5'-Cyclic AMP)
C00027 (Hydrogen peroxide), C00704 (Superoxide)
C02140 (Corticosterone)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
5621 (PRNP), H00061 (Prion disease) ...
|
PrP
PRION DISEASE
DNA
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Neuron
Endocytosis
Proteasome
Golgi
Early endosome
PrP
PrP
PrP
PrP
Lysosome
PrP
PrP
PrP
PrP
Degradation
Normal cellular isoform of prion protein
Disease-related ...
|
|
hsa05022
|
|
Pathways of neurodegeneration - multiple diseases
|
Neurodegeneration is generally defined as progressive, irreversible loss of neurons, which may affect either the peripheral or central nervous system (CNS). Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) include highly ...
|
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C04549 (1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate)
C00008 (ADP)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C01330 (Sodium cation)
C00025 (L-Glutamate)
C01245 ...
|
PATHWAYS OF NEURODEGENERATION - MULTIPLE DISEASES
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
PrP
ER stress
CASP12
Nucleus
RyR
NMDAR
Mitochondria
Calcium signaling pathway
Bad
Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
Microtubule
Kinesin1
TUBA
TUBB
Anterograde
Cargo
GSK-3β
VGCC
PrP
PrP
CK2
Oligomeric ...
|
|
hsa05030
|
|
Cocaine addiction
|
Drug addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder in which compulsive drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior persists despite serious negative consequences.There is strong evidence that the dopaminergic system ...
|
C00082 (L-Tyrosine)
C00355 (3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine)
C03758 (Dopamine)
C03758 (Dopamine)
C01161 (3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetate)
C00027 (Hydrogen peroxide)
C00082 (L-Tyrosine)
C00355 (3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine)
C03758 ...
|
COCAINE ADDICTION
Neuron (Presynaptic terminal)
Neuron (Postsynaptic cell)
VMAT
Control
Dopaminergic synapse
VMAT
Synaptic cleft
mGluR2/3
D2R
D1R
DAT
mGluR2/3
D2R
D1R
Cocaine
Adaptation to long-term cocaine ...
|
|
hsa05031
|
|
Amphetamine addiction
|
Amphetamine is a psychostimulant drug that exerts persistent addictive effects. Most addictive drugs increase extracellular concentrations of dopamine (DA) in nucleus accumbens (NAc) and medial prefrontal ...
|
C00082 (L-Tyrosine)
C00355 (3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine)
C03758 (Dopamine)
C03758 (Dopamine)
C03758 (Dopamine)
C01161 (3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetate)
C00027 (Hydrogen peroxide)
C00082 (L-Tyrosine)
C00355 ...
|
AMPHETAMINE ADDICTION
Neuron (Presynaptic terminal)
Neuron (Postsynaptic cell)
VMAT
Control
Dopaminergic synapse
VMAT
Synaptic cleft
High [Ca ]
LTCC
NMDA
AMPA
D1R
DAT
LTCC
NMDA
AMPA
D1R
Acute amphetamine
Chronic ...
|
|
hsa05032
|
|
Morphine addiction
|
Morphine is an alkaloid from the plant extracts of opium poppy. Although morphine is highly effective for the treatment of pain, it is also known to be intensely addictive. We now know that the most important ...
|
C00575 (3',5'-Cyclic AMP)
C00575 (3',5'-Cyclic AMP)
C00334 (4-Aminobutanoate)
C00334 (4-Aminobutanoate)
C00334 (4-Aminobutanoate)
D00842 (Morphine sulfate (USP)), D02271 (Morphine hydrochloride hydrate ...
|
MORPHINE ADDICTION
GABA neuron (Presynaptic terminal)
MOR
Control
GABAergic synapse
Synaptic cleft
Acute morphine
cAMP
cAMP
MOR
GABA
GABA
GABA
MOR
PKA
Morphine
Hypertrophied AC signaling
Gi/o
Withdrawal ...
|
|
hsa05033
|
|
Nicotine addiction
|
Nicotine is one of the main psychoactive ingredients in tobacco that contributes to the harmful tobacco smoking habit. A common feature of addictive drugs, including nicotine, is that they increase dopamine ...
|
C00334 (4-Aminobutanoate)
C01330 (Sodium cation), C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C01330 (Sodium cation), C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00076 ...
|
NICOTINE ADDICTION
Control
Smoking
Nucleus accumbens (NAc)
Nicotine (Nic)
GABA
GABA
Ca / Na
Ca / Na
α6-nAChR
VOCC
VOCC
VOCC
VOCC
α4β2
α4β2
α4β2-nAChR
α6-nAChR
α4β2-nAChR
α7-nAChR
α7-nAChR
GABA
GABA
depolarization
depolarization
NMDA
AMPA
AMPA
NMDA
Glu
Glu
DA ...
|
|
hsa05034
|
|
Alcoholism
|
Alcoholism, also called dependence on alcohol (ethanol), is a chronic relapsing disorder that is progressive and has serious detrimental health outcomes. As one of the primary mediators of the rewarding ...
|
C00082 (L-Tyrosine)
C00355 (3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine)
C03758 (Dopamine)
C03758 (Dopamine)
C01161 (3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetate)
C00027 (Hydrogen peroxide)
C00082 (L-Tyrosine)
C00355 (3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine)
C03758 ...
|
ALCOHOLISM
Neuron (Presynaptic terminal)
Neuron (Postsynaptic cell)
VMAT
Control
Dopaminergic synapse
VMAT
Synaptic cleft
D1R
DAT
NMDA-R
D1R
Acute ethanol
MAO
DAT
Tyr
L-DOPA
DOPAC
Tyr
L-DOPA
DOPAC
AADC
AADC
MAO
PP1
DARPP32
PKA-Cα
cAMP
Tyr
L-DOPA
DOPAC
AADC
VMAT
MAO
DAT
Decreased ...
|
|
hsa05100
|
|
Bacterial invasion of epithelial cells
|
Many pathogenic bacteria can invade phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells and colonize them intracellularly, then become disseminated to other cells. Invasive bacteria induce their own uptake by non-phagocytic ...
|
10801 (SEPTIN9), 124404 (SEPTIN12), 1731 (SEPTIN1), 23157 (SEPTIN6), 23176 (SEPTIN8), 4735 (SEPTIN2), 55752 (SEPTIN11), 55964 (SEPTIN3), H01131 (Hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy), H01282 (Spermatogenic ...
|
BACTERIAL INVASION OF EPITHELIAL CELLS
ECM-receptor interaction
Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
Bacteria secretion system
Endocytosis
Zipper model
Trigger model
Staphylococcus
Yersinia
Salmonella
Shigella
Actin ...
|
|
hsa05110
|
|
Vibrio cholerae infection
|
Cholera toxin (CTX) is one of the main virulence factors of Vibrio cholerae. Once secreted, CTX B-chain (CTXB) binds to ganglioside GM1 on the surface of the host's cells. After binding takes place, the ...
|
C00014 (Ammonia)
C00080 (H+)
C00238 (Potassium cation)
C00238 (Potassium cation)
C01330 (Sodium cation)
C00698 (Cl-)
C00698 (Cl-)
C04911 (D-Galactosyl-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide)
C00165 ...
|
TcpF
TcpE
TcpD
TcpC
TcpB
TcpA
Hap
ACE
NanH
GM1
Tight junction
Zot
RtxA
CtxA
CtxA
CtxB
VCC
Vibrio cholerae pathogenic cycle
DAG
ARF1
Type II secretion system
ATPeV
VCC
Ero1
CtxB
CFTR
CtxA
Zot
ZO-2
ZO-1
cAMP
Oxidative ...
|
|
hsa05120
|
|
Epithelial cell signaling in Helicobacter pylori infection
|
Two major virulence factors of H. pylori are the vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) and the cag type-IV secretion system (T4SS) and its translocated effector protein, cytotoxin-associated antigen A (CagA).
VacA ...
|
C01342 (NH4+)
C00080 (H+)
C00014 (Ammonia)
G00263 (Lewis b antigen)
C00698 (Cl-)
C00086 (Urea)
G00242 (Sialyl Lewis x antigen)
C00014 (Ammonia)
1432 (MAPK14), 5600 (MAPK11), 5603 (MAPK13), 6300 (MAPK12) ...
|
HopZ
AlpB
AlpA
VacA
p38
AP-1
JNK
MKK4
IKKα
IKKγ
IKKβ
IκBα
ATPeV
CASP3
PAK1
NF-κB
RANTES
GRO-α
IL-8
Cdc42
Rac1
NIK
PrtC
UreB
UreA
CagPAI
Oxidative phosphorylation
Tight junction
c-Met
JAM
PLC-γ
ADAM17
HBEGF
ADAM10
IL-8
Apoptosis
Urea
s-Le
Type ...
|
|
hsa05130
|
|
Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection
|
Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) are closely related pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli. The hallmark of EPEC/EHEC infections [DS:H00278 H00277] is induction of ...
|
C00350 (Phosphatidylethanolamine)
C00681 (1-Acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate)
C00338 (Lipopolysaccharide)
C00338 (Lipopolysaccharide)
10376 (TUBA1B), 112714 (TUBA3E), 113457 (TUBA3D), 51807 (TUBA8), 7277 (TUBA4A) ...
|
Golgi
Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
Flagellar assembly
Tight junction
Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
Bacterial secretion system
Map
Tir
Eae
EspG/G2
TUBA
EspF
EspG
Phosphatidylethanolamine
Cortactin
ROCK
OCLN
Cdc42
EspF
c-Fyn/c-Abl
N-WASP
EspF
CLDN
ITGB1
Nck
GEF-H1
EspF
RhoA
NCL
Tir
TUBB
EspH
StxA
PATHOGENIC ...
|
|
hsa05131
|
|
Shigellosis
|
Shigellosis, or bacillary dysentery, is an intestinal infection caused by Shigella, a genus of enterobacteria. Shigella are potential food-borne pathogens that are capable of colonizing the intestinal ...
|
C00338 (Lipopolysaccharide)
C00165 (Diacylglycerol)
C00165 (Diacylglycerol)
C11472 (D-glycero-beta-D-manno-Heptose 1,7-bisphosphate)
C20640 (Cyclic GMP-AMP)
C00238 (Potassium cation)
C04549 (1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol ...
|
SHIGELLOSIS
Shigella dysenteria Shigella flexneri Shigella boydii Shigella sonnei
TNF-R1
TNFα
IκBα
IKKα/β
TRAF2/5
RIP1
TRADD
IL-1R
IL-1β
TRAF6
TLR4
DNA
TAB
TAK1
p38
ERK1/2
p50
TLR5
TNFα
IL-8
IKKγ
LPS
NOD1
RIP2
DAP
GEF-H1
DAG
PKC
TRAF2
IpaH0722
Membrane ...
|
|
hsa05132
|
|
Salmonella infection
|
Salmonella infection usually presents as a self-limiting gastroenteritis or the more severe typhoid fever and bacteremia. The common disease-causing Salmonella species in human is a single species, Salmonella ...
|
C00338 (Lipopolysaccharide)
C00338 (Lipopolysaccharide)
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
C11554 (1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate)
C04549 (1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol ...
|
SopB
AvrA
MyD88
MyD88
MyD88
ERK
IKKβ
TAK1
p38
IRAK1/4
IKKα
IL-8
TIRAP
MyD88
JNK
IL-1β
TRAF6
IL-6
TAB
IκBα
TNFα
TLR9
TIRAP
IKKγ
MAPK signaling pathway
DNA
+p
+p
+p
+p
+p
+p
+p
+p
+p
MKK4/7
p50
MKK3/6
MEK1/2
AP-1
NF-κ ...
|
|
hsa05133
|
|
Pertussis
|
Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by a bacteria called Bordetella Pertussis. The characteristic symptoms are paroxysmal cough, inspiratory wheezing ...
|
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00002 (ATP)
C00575 (3',5'-Cyclic AMP)
C00338 (Lipopolysaccharide)
C19596 (Lipooligosaccharide)
C00374 (Heparin)
C12505 (Magnesium sulfate)
C00253 (Nicotinate)
C00238 (Potassium ...
|
PERTUSSIS
FhaC
FHA
SphB1
CD11b
Sulfated carbohydrates
CD29
FimD
Fim2/3
Fimbrial proteins
Adhesion
Prn
Sec secretion system
CD18
CR3
ACT
CyaC
Type I secretion system
ACT
CaM
ATP
cAMP
BteA
Type III secretion ...
|
|
hsa05134
|
|
Legionellosis
|
Legionellosis is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila and other legionella species. Two distinct clinical and epidemiological syndromes are associated with ...
|
C00338 (Lipopolysaccharide)
C01277 (1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate)
58484 (NLRC4), H01748 (NLRC4 inflammasomopathy), H02159 (Familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome)
29108 (PYCARD)
834 (CASP1) ...
|
LEGIONELLOSIS
FlaA
IPAF
ASC
CASP1
IL-1β
IL-18
Naip5
CASP7
Host cell death
NF-κB
DNA
Anti-apoptotic proteins
LegK1
IκB
Intracellular replication
SdbA
LubX
Sustained activation
SdhA
Inhibition of caspase-dependent/independent ...
|
|
hsa05135
|
|
Yersinia infection
|
Pathogenic Yersinia injects virulent Yersinia outer proteins (Yops) into the host cell through a type three secretion system (T3SS) to express its pathogenicity. Through inactivation of small GTPases by ...
|
C04637 (1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate)
C01245 (D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00338 (Lipopolysaccharide)
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
3688 ...
|
ITGB1
Src
N-WASP
Arp2/3
Fibronectin
p130Cas
Crk
DOCK180
PIP(5)KIα
Actin
PI(4,5)P
PIP -binding proteins
FAK1/2
WIP
Arf6
YpkA/YopO
YopT
YopE
Paxillin
PKL
β-PIX
Filopodia formation
WASP
Arp2/3
Actin
RhoA
Stress ...
|
|
hsa05140
|
|
Leishmaniasis
|
Leishmania is an intracellular protozoan parasite of macrophages that causes visceral, mucosal, and cutaneous diseases. The parasite is transmitted to humans by sandflies, where they survive and proliferate ...
|
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00533 (Nitric oxide)
C02737 (Phosphatidylserine)
C00195 (N-Acylsphingosine)
C00219 (Arachidonate)
C00584 (Prostaglandin E2)
3676 (ITGA4), 3688 (ITGB1), D06319 (Volociximab (USAN)) ...
|
Macrophage
FNR
FcγR
C3b
PKC
p47phox
Complement cascade
Leishmania promastigote
LPG
Calcium signaling pathway
FcγR-mediated phagocytosis
Impaired oxidative burst
NADPH oxidase
Phagocytosis
C3bi
CR1
CR3
LPG
Leishmania ...
|
|
hsa05142
|
|
Chagas disease
|
Trypanosoma cruzi is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease, also called American trypanosomiasis. The parasite life cycle involves hematophagous reduviid bugs as vectors. Once ...
|
C00062 (L-Arginine)
C00533 (Nitric oxide)
C01245 (D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00575 (3',5'-Cyclic AMP)
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
7097 (TLR2), H00342 ...
|
TLR2
TLR4
IFNγ
gp160
TcCRT
C3b
C1q
Complement pathway
Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
TLR9
MyD88
IRAK
TRAF6
MKK4
JNK
p38
ERK1/2
AP-1
TNFα
IL12
TRIF
IFNβ
DNA
DNA
tGPI-mucin
DNA
LPS, GIPL-ceramide
Endosome
IκB
Trypanosoma ...
|
|
hsa05143
|
|
African trypanosomiasis
|
Trypanosoma brucei, the parasite responsible for African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), are spread by the tsetse fly in sub-Saharan Africa. The parasites are able to pass through the blood-brain ...
|
C00584 (Prostaglandin E2)
C00696 (Prostaglandin D2)
C00328 (L-Kynurenine)
C00078 (L-Tryptophan)
C01245 (D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00165 (Diacylglycerol)
C00533 (Nitric ...
|
AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS
Macrophage
TLR9
MyD88
IL12
IL18
CD8+ T cell
IFNγ
TNFα
VSG
Trypanosoma burcei gambience
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
Trypanosoma brucei brucei
apoL1
Blood circulation
Trypanin
E-selectin
VCAM1
LAMA4
Endothelium
EBM
DNA
Blood-brain ...
|
|
hsa05144
|
|
Malaria
|
Plasmodium protozoa are parasites that account for malaria infection. Sporozoite forms of the parasite are injected by mosquito bites under the skin and are carried to the liver where they develop into ...
|
C00533 (Nitric oxide)
C00634 (Chondroitin 4-sulfate)
G10505 (Hyaluronic acid)
G00054 (Type II A antigen), G00052 (Type II B antigen)
3383 (ICAM1), H00083 (Allograft rejection), H00361 (Malaria), D02811 ...
|
ICAM1
Subcutaneous tissue
Liver
Circulation
Kupffer cell
Vascular endothelial cell
PfEMP1
SPECT
Malaria sporozoite
SPECT2
CelTOS
Malaria sporozoite
CSP
TRAP
HGF
HSPG
LRP
CD81
MET
Malaria merozoite
MSP
AMA1
DBP
EBA175
EBA140
RBP
DARC
GYPA/B
GYPC
RBC
VCAM1
CD36
PECAM1
pRBC
Platelet
RBC
Vascular ...
|
|
hsa05145
|
|
Toxoplasmosis
|
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that is prevalent worldwide. The tachyzoite form acquired by oral ingestion downmodulates proinflammatory signaling pathways via various mechanisms ...
|
C06314 (Lipoxin A4)
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
4615 (MYD88), H00721 (Pyogenic bacterial infections, recurrent, due to MYD88 deficiency), H02424 (Primary central ...
|
MyD88
IRAK
TRAF6
TAK
TAB1/2
IKK
IκB
NFκB
ERK
JNK
p38
MKK3/6
GRA3/5
Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite
Parasitophorus vacuole
Parasitophorus vacuole formation
DNA
IL12
TNFα
Bcl2/XL
IAP
iNOS
IL12
DNA
Jak
STAT1
CIITA
LRG47
MHCII
5LO
TgIKK
SOCS1
LXA
Mitochondrion
ROP2
CytC
Dendritic ...
|
|
hsa05146
|
|
Amoebiasis
|
Entamoeba histolytica, an extracellular protozoan parasite is a human pathogen that invades the intestinal epithelium. Infection occurs on ingestion of contaminated water and food. The pathogenesis of ...
|
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00027 (Hydrogen peroxide)
C00219 (Arachidonate)
C00584 (Prostaglandin E2)
C00575 (3',5'-Cyclic AMP)
C01245 (D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C02737 (Phosphatidylserine)
C01074 ...
|
Extracellular matrix
Intestinal epithelial cell
Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite
IL1β
MUC2
Laminin
Amoebapore
NFκB
IL8
IL6
CASP3
Cytolysis
GRO1
GMCSF
IL1R
Neutrophil infiltration
Toll-like receptor ...
|
|
hsa05150
|
|
Staphylococcus aureus infection
|
Staphylococcus aureus can cause multiple forms of infections ranging from superficial skin infections to food poisoning and life-threatening infections. The organism has several ways to divert the effectiveness ...
|
C11596 (FMLP)
C20898 (Lipoteichoic acid)
1675 (CFD), H00104 (Alternative complement pathway component defects), D10440 (Lampalizumab (USAN/INN)), D11641 (Danicopan (JAN/USAN/INN)), D12481 (Vemircopan (USAN/INN))
718 ...
|
C1S
C1R
C1Q
MBL
MASP1/2
STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS INFECTION
Alternative pathway
Lectin pathway
Classical pathway
C3b/Bb
C4b/2a
C5b
C3b/Bb/3b
C4b/2a/3b
C5a
Inhibition of chemotaxis and phagocyte activation
C3b
Epithelial ...
|
|
hsa05152
|
|
Tuberculosis
|
Tuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. About 90% of those infected result in latent infections ...
|
C04549 (1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate)
C01194 (1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol)
C00338 (Lipopolysaccharide)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C06124 (Sphingosine 1-phosphate)
C01561 (Calcidiol)
C01673 ...
|
SapM
TUBERCULOSIS
DC-SIGN
Raf1
IL-10
Pro-inflammatory cytokines
Phagosome maturation arrest
Rab5
VPS34
Early endosome
Lysosome
V-ATPase
PI3P
EEA1
LAMP1
Late endosome
EEA1
Rab5
Rab7
CathepsinD
CALM
CAMKII
Rab5
Rab7
V-ATPase
LAMP1
Cathepsin
Inhibition ...
|
|
hsa05160
|
|
Hepatitis C
|
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease. The HCV employ several strategies to perturb host cell immunity. After invasion, HCV RNA genome functions directly as an mRNA in the cytoplasm ...
|
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
C20935 (2-5A)
23586 (RIGI), H01571 (Singleton-Merten syndrome)
57506 (MAVS)
7187 (TRAF3), H02536 (Infection-induced acute encephalopathy)
29110 (TBK1) ...
|
HEPATITIS C
Hepatitis C virus
Hepatocyte
RIG-I
IPS-1
TRAF3
TBK1
IKKε
IRF3/7
NFκB
TLR3
TRIF
IκB
IKK
TRAF6
RIP1
IFN-α/β
IFNα/β
IFNAR1
IFNAR2
Jak1/Tyk2
STAT1/2
IRF9
DNA
DNA
SR-B1
CD81
CLDN
OCLN
SOCS3
RIG-I-like ...
|
|
hsa05161
|
|
Hepatitis B
|
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an enveloped virus and contains a partially double-stranded relaxed circular DNA (RC-DNA) genome. After entry into hepatocytes, HBV RC-DNA is transported to the nucleus and converted ...
|
C00076 (Calcium cation)
7419 (VDAC3)
54205 (CYCS), H00978 (Thrombocytopenia (THC))
842 (CASP9), D11195 (Rimiducid (USAN/INN))
317 (APAF1)
100506742 (CASP12)
836 (CASP3)
332 (BIRC5), D09909 (Gataparsen ...
|
Mitochondria
VDAC3
CytC
CASP9
Apaf-1
CASP12
CASP3
Apoptosis
Bax
Survivin
Ca release
PKC
Raf
MEK
ERK
AP1
Cell proliferation and differentiation
MMP-9
HCC development
c-Myc
ELK-1
STAT3
CREB
ATF2
IL-8
PCNA
...
|
|
hsa05162
|
|
Measles
|
Measles virus (MV) is highly contagious virus that leads infant death worldwide. Humans are the unique natural reservoir for this virus. MV infection is characterized by virus-induced immune suppression ...
|
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
51284 (TLR7), 54106 (TLR9), H00080 (Systemic lupus erythematosus), H00096 (Defects of toll-like receptor signaling), D01666 (Bropirimine (JAN/USAN/INN)) ...
|
MEASLES
MV proteins
TLR7/9
MyD88
IRAK
IRF7
IFNα
DNA
TLR2/4
RIG-I
MyD88
IRAK
IκB
NFκB
LPS
MDA5
IPS1
IRF3
MV genome RNA
IFNβ
IFNAR
Jak1/Tyk2
STAT1/2
IRF9
2'-5'OAS
IFNα/β
Lymphocyte
Structural proteins
Nonstructural ...
|
|
hsa05163
|
|
Human cytomegalovirus infection
|
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus that is a member of beta-herpesvirus family. HCMV is best known for causing significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised ...
|
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00584 (Prostaglandin E2)
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
C01245 (D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00165 (Diacylglycerol)
C00076 ...
|
PIP
4EBPs
S6K1/2
mTOR
Rheb
TSC2
TSC1
AKT
PI3K
HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION
EGFR
FasL
IKK
NF κB
Survival Proliferation Metastasis Angiogenesis
NFκB signaling pathway
Grb2
SOS
Ras
Jak/STAT signaling ...
|
|
hsa05164
|
|
Influenza A
|
Influenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza virus infection. Influenza A virus is responsible for both annual seasonal epidemics and periodic worldwide pandemics. Novel strains that ...
|
C00080 (H+)
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00027 (Hydrogen peroxide)
23430 (TPSD1), 64499 (TPSB2), 7177 (TPSAB1)
5340 (PLG), H01006 (Hereditary angioedema), H01206 (Plasminogen deficiency) ...
|
INFLUENZA A
Alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells
Alveolar macrophages
Type II pneumocytes
Endosome
Clara
Plasmin
Trypsin
Endocytosis
Late endosomal sorting event
RIG-I
MDA5
IPS1
dsRNA
TRIM25
NS1
TBK1
IKKε
TLR3
TRIF
IKK
NFκB
IκB
CBP/p300
IRF3
IRF7
PI3K
PKB
PIP
ssRNA
TLR7
MyD88
IRAK
Influenza ...
|
|
hsa05165
|
|
Human papillomavirus infection
|
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus. HPV infect mucoal and cutaneous epithelium resulting in several types of pathologies, most notably, cervical cancer. All types ...
|
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00575 (3',5'-Cyclic AMP)
C00584 (Prostaglandin E2)
C00584 (Prostaglandin E2)
1978 (EIF4EBP1)
6198 (RPS6KB1), 6199 (RPS6KB2)
2475 (MTOR), H01251 (Focal ...
|
PIP
4EBPs
S6K1/2
mTOR
Rheb
TSC2
TSC1
AKT
PI3K
p53 signaling pathway
HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION
Cell growth
EGFR
GSK-3β
FasL
BAD
MDM2
p53
CCND1
IKK
NF κB
Cell survival
Cell proliferation
Cell survival
NFκB ...
|
|
hsa05166
|
|
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 infection
|
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a pathogenic retrovirus that is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). It is also strongly implicated in non-neoplastic chronic inflammatory ...
|
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00238 (Potassium cation)
C00027 (Hydrogen peroxide)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00575 (3',5'-Cyclic AMP)
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
8829 (NRP1), D10494 (Vesencumab ...
|
HUMAN T-CELL LEUKEMIA VIRUS 1 INFECTION
Human T-lymphotropic virus-I
gp21
gp46
NRP1
CD4+ T cell
GLUT1
HSPG
Virus entry
(Target cell)
TLN
ICAM1
LFA1
LFA1
ICAM1
Microtubule organizing center (MTOC) ...
|
|
hsa05167
|
|
Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection
|
Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), is the most recently identified human tumor virus, and is associated with the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) ...
|
C00350 (Phosphatidylethanolamine)
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
C01245 (D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00165 (Diacylglycerol)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
3439 (IFNA1), 3440 (IFNA2) ...
|
IFN-α/β
TRAF3
IRF7
IFN-β
IFN-α
IKK
JNK
TBK1
IKKε
AKT
STAT1
IκBα
IRF3
TLR3
TRIF
KAPOSI SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS INFECTION
Apoptosis
Coagulation and complement cascade
JAK-STAT signaling pathway
MAPK ...
|
|
hsa05168
|
|
Herpes simplex virus 1 infection
|
Herpes simplex virus 1(HSV-1) is a common human pathogen, which initially infects orofacial mucosal surfaces. The virus replicates in epithelial cells at these sites, causing clinically overt disease characterized ...
|
C20640 (Cyclic GMP-AMP)
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
C20935 (2-5A)
4049 (LTA), H00344 (Leprosy), H01730 (Myocardial infarction), D00742 (Etanercept (USAN/INN)), D04690 (Lenercept (USAN/INN)) ...
|
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS 1 INFECTION
Herpes simplex virus-1
LTα
LIGHT
HVEM
Nectin
PILRα
Heparan sulfate
TRAF2/5
NFκB
SHP2
gH/gL
Properdin
C3b
iC3b
C3c
Complement and coagulation cascade
TLR3
TLR9
TLR2
TRIF
MyD88
TAB1/2
TAK1
IRF3/7
IκB
IFNα
IL12
TNFα
IL1β
IL6
CCL2
RANTES
VP16
Oct-1
HCF
TRAF6
IKKε
TBK1
RIG-I
IPS
MDA5
PML
Sp100
hDaxx
p53
ND10
RIG-I-like ...
|
|
hsa05169
|
|
Epstein-Barr virus infection
|
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a gamma-herpes virus that widely infects human populations predominantly at an early age but remains mostly asymptomatic. EBV has been linked to a wide spectrum of human malignancies ...
|
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
C01245 (D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
1380 (CR2), H00080 (Systemic lupus ...
|
gp350
gH/gL
gp42
CD21
MHC-II
EBNA2
EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTION
B cell
RBP-Jκ
SKIP
SMRT
EBNA3C
Viral DNA
LMP1
CD23
c-myc
Entry, altered signaling, and promotion of latent infection
CD21
HDAC1/2
EBNA3C
p27
Skp2
EBNA1
USP7
p53
Cell ...
|
|
hsa05170
|
|
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection
|
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) , the causative agent of AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), is a lentivirus belonging to the Retroviridae family. The primary cell surface receptor for ...
|
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
C01245 (D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00165 (Diacylglycerol)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C20640 (Cyclic GMP-AMP)
6198 (RPS6KB1), 6199 (RPS6KB2)
2475 ...
|
PIP
S6K1/2
mTOR
AKT
PI3K
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1 INFECTION
NF κB
NFκB signaling pathway
Ras
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
Raf-1
MEK
ERK
Class I
FADD
Casp8
Fas
HIV
MHCI
MHCI
Antigen processing and ...
|
|
hsa05171
|
|
Coronavirus disease - COVID-19
|
Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious respiratory infection that is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 infects alveolar epithelial ...
|
C02135 (Angiotensin II)
C15850 (Angiotensin (1-7))
C00873 (Angiotensin I)
C00046 (RNA)
C00704 (Superoxide), C00027 (Hydrogen peroxide)
C20640 (Cyclic GMP-AMP)
C00533 (Nitric oxide)
C00165 (Diacylglycerol)
C00290 ...
|
ACE2
Angiotensin II
Angiotensin (1-7)
AT1R
MAS1
CORONAVIRUS DISEASE - COVID-19
Vascular smooth muscle contraction
Anti-atrophy
Anti-inflammation
ACE
Angiotensin I
ACE2
SARS-CoV-2
Genome RNA
Anti-fibrosis
Anti-oxidant
Vasodilation
Pro-atrophy
Pro-inflammation
Pro-fibrosis
Pro-oxidant
Vasoconstriction
Tissue ...
|
|
hsa05200
|
|
Pathways in cancer
|
|
C00951 (Estradiol-17beta), C00410 (Progesterone), C07653 (Flutamide), C01227 (Dehydroepiandrosterone), C00280 (Androstenedione), C00735 (Cortisol), C00762 (Cortisone)
C00187 (Cholesterol)
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3 ...
|
PATHWAYS IN CANCER
DCC
CASP3
CASP9
CASP3
ECAD
β-catenin
Wnt
α-catenin
β-catenin
ITGB
Dvl
ECM
ITGA
FAK
PTEN
Frizzled
APPL
BCR-ABL
CRKL
CBL
CRK
PI3K
STAT5
Jak
EGFR
ERBB2
PDGFR
IGFR
c-KIT
FLT3
MET
FGFR
TRK
TGFα
EGF
HGF
PDGF
IGF
HSP
GSK-3β
Axin
APC
IKK
mTOR
CASP9
Bad
MDM2
p27
Bcl-XL
STAT3
STAT1
Grb2
Sos
Ras
Raf
MEK
NORE1A
RASSF1
IκBα
NFκB
MST1
CyclinD1
RET/PTC
RASSF1A
PLCγ
RalGDS
Ral
Rac/Rho
RalBP1
PLD1
JNK
Cdc42/Rac
c-Jun
c-Fos
c-Myc
p53
TCF/LEF
PKC
Adherens ...
|
|
hsa05202
|
|
Transcriptional misregulation in cancer
|
In tumor cells, genes encoding transcription factors (TFs) are often amplified, deleted, rearranged via chromosomal translocation and inversion, or subjected to point mutations that result in a gain- or ...
|
2130 (EWSR1), H00035 (Ewing sarcoma)
2313 (FLI1), H00035 (Ewing sarcoma), H01235 (Bleeding disorder platelet-type)
2130 (EWSR1), H00035 (Ewing sarcoma)
2078 (ERG), H00024 (Prostate cancer), H00035 (Ewing ...
|
TRANSCRIPTIONAL MISREGULATION IN CANCER
Ewing's sarcoma
Clear-cell sarcoma
Desmoplastic small round-cell tumour
Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma
Myxoid liposarcoma
Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
Synovial ...
|
|
hsa05203
|
|
Viral carcinogenesis
|
There is a strong association between viruses and the development of human malignancies. We now know that at least six human viruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus ...
|
7157 (TP53), H00004 (Chronic myeloid leukemia), H00005 (Chronic lymphocytic leukemia), H00006 (Hairy cell leukemia), H00008 (Burkitt lymphoma), H00009 (Adult T-cell leukemia), H00010 (Multiple myeloma) ...
|
VIRAL CARCINOGENESIS
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
p53 signaling pathway
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated ...
|
|
hsa05204
|
|
Chemical carcinogenesis - DNA adducts
|
It has been estimated that exposure to environmental chemical carcinogens may contribute significantly to the causation of a sizable fraction, perhaps a majority, of human cancers. Human carcinogens act ...
|
C19586 (Aflatoxin B1-exo-8,9-epoxide)
C14853 (Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-oxide)
C14854 (9-Hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene-4,5-oxide)
C14856 (7,8-Dihydro-7-hydroxy-8-S-glutathionyl-benzo[a]pyrene)
C14855 ...
|
CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS - DNA ADDUCTS
AFB1-exo-8,9-epoxide
CYP3A4
CYP1
CYP1
CYP1/2/3
B[a]P-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-oxide
9-OH-B[a]P-4,5-oxide
7,8-Dihydro-7-OH-8-S-glutathionyl-B[a]P
4,5-Dihydro-4-OH-5-S-glutathionyl-B[a]P
B[a]P-7 ...
|