Staphylococcal infection

Staphylococci are widespread as commensals of humans and animals where they colonize the skin or mucous membranes. Firstly, Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a most unusual coagulase-negative staphylococcus found on the human skin. It can cause infections at many sites including superficial skin infections, bacteremia, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and breast abscess. Endocarditis caused by S. lugdunensis can lead to substantial morbidity and mortality. Secondly, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, found among the normal skin flora, is commonly isolated from the axillae, perineum, and inguinal areas of humans and causes septicemia, peritonitis, otitis, and urinary tract infections. S. haemolyticus is notorious for its multidrug resistance and historically early acquisition of resistance to methicillin and glycopeptide antibiotics. Finally, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an important opportunistic pathogen of dogs and cats. S. pseudintermedius colonization is very uncommon in humans. It is rarely isolated from human dog-bite wounds. The infection has been associated with wide range of symptoms such as bacteremia, a brain abscess, and pneumonia.

Infectious disease

Staphylococcus lugdunensis [GN:slg sln]
Staphylococcus haemolyticus [GN:sha]
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

Vancomycin hydrochloride [DR:D00926]
Bacitracin [DR:D00128]
Clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride [DR:D01990]
Clindamycin hydrochloride [DR:D02132]

Treatment was most commonly initiated with vancomycin and narrowed as antibiotic susceptibilities allowed.
Methicillin resistance has been reported.

PMID:21886051 (description, pathogen, drug)

Klotchko A, Wallace MR, Licitra C, Sieger B

Staphylococcus lugdunensis: an emerging pathogen.

South Med J 104:509-14 (2011)
DOI:10.1097/SMJ.0b013e31821e91b1

PMID:21195974 (description, pathogen, drug)

Liu PY, Huang YF, Tang CW, Chen YY, Hsieh KS, Ger LP, Chen YS, Liu YC

Staphylococcus lugdunensis infective endocarditis: a literature review and analysis of risk factors.

J Microbiol Immunol Infect 43:478-84 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/S1684-1182(10)60074-6

PMID:20434383 (description, pathogen)

Chopra A, Gulati D, Woldenberg N, Singh M

Intracardiac lead endocarditis due to Staphylococcus lugdunensis.

Int J Infect Dis 14 Suppl 3:e291-3 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2009.12.008

PMID:19447659 (marker)

Pada S, Lye DC, Leo YS, Barkham T

Utility of 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing in the diagnosis of Staphylococcus lugdunensis native valve infective endocarditis: case report and literature review.

Int J Infect Dis 13:e511-3 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2009.02.019

PMID:21930571 (descirption, pathogen)

van Duijkeren E, Catry B, Greko C, Moreno MA, Pomba MC, Pyorala S, Ruzauskas M, Sanders P, Threlfall EJ, Torren-Edo J, Torneke K

Review on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius.

J Antimicrob Chemother 66:2705-14 (2011)
DOI:10.1093/jac/dkr367

PMID:20178486 (descirpiton, pathogen)

Fitzgerald JR

The Staphylococcus intermedius group of bacterial pathogens: species re-classification, pathogenesis and the emergence of meticillin resistance.

Vet Dermatol 20:490-5 (2009)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3164.2009.00828.x

PMID:19246166

Weese JS, van Duijkeren E

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in veterinary medicine.

Vet Microbiol 140:418-29 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.01.039

PMID:16237012

Takeuchi F, Watanabe S, Baba T, Yuzawa H, Ito T, Morimoto Y, Kuroda M, Cui L, Takahashi M, Ankai A, Baba S, Fukui S, Lee JC, Hiramatsu K.

Whole-genome sequencing of staphylococcus haemolyticus uncovers the extreme plasticity of its genome and the evolution of human-colonizing staphylococcal species.

J Bacteriol 187:7292-308 (2005)
DOI:10.1128/JB.187.21.7292-7308.2005