Chondrodysplasia punctata (CDP) is a congenital disorder characterized by a skeletal abnormality, characterized by punctate calcification of the cartilage of the epiphyses, larynx and trachea. Different forms of CDP exist, the most common of which is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait (Rhizomelic CDP). CDP may also be inherited in a recessive and dominant X-linked fashion. The X-linked recessive CDP (CDPX1) characterized by facial anomalies with severe nasal hypoplasia, short stature, and distal phalangeal hypoplasia. Mutations in ARSE which encodes arylsulfatase E, showing a high sequence homology to steroid sulfatase. In X-linked dominant CDP (CDPX2), aberrant punctate calcification in cartilage is most prominent around the vertebral column, pelvis, and long bones. Additionally, CDPX2 patients may have asymmetric rhizomesomelia, sectorial cataracts, patchy alopecia, ichthyosis, and atrophoderma. It has been found that defects in D8-D7 sterol isomerase (EBP) cause CDPX2 and suggest a role for sterols in bone development.
Category
Congenital malformation
Brite
Human diseases in ICD-11 classification [BR:br08403]
20 Developmental anomalies
Multiple developmental anomalies or syndromes
LD24 Syndromes with skeletal anomalies as a major feature
H01194 X-linked chondrodysplasia punctata
Pathway-based classification of diseases [BR:br08402]
Lipid/glycolipid metabolism
nt06034 Cholesterol biosynthesis
H01194 X-linked chondrodysplasia punctata
MEND syndrome (male EBP disorder with neurological defects) is an X-linked recessive condition in males with a phenotype remarkable for Dandy-Walker like congenital brain malformation, cataracts, collodion skin and cryptorchidism. Additional findings of hydrocephalus, dysplasia of the corpus callosum, cardiovascular, craniofacial and skeletal anomalies were regularly seen in patients. MEND syndrome is caused by EBP mutations. EBP is an integral membrane protein located mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum, which has dual functions as an enzyme converting cholestenol into lathosterol and as a high-affinity receptor for anti-ischaemic drugs.
Category
Congenital malformation
Brite
Human diseases in ICD-11 classification [BR:br08403]
20 Developmental anomalies
Multiple developmental anomalies or syndromes
LD2F Syndromes with multiple structural anomalies, without predominant body system involvement
H02248 MEND syndrome
Pathway-based classification of diseases [BR:br08402]
Lipid/glycolipid metabolism
nt06034 Cholesterol biosynthesis
H02248 MEND syndrome