Entry |
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Name |
Isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis
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Description |
Isoquinoline alkaloids are tyrosine-derived plant alkaloids with an isoquinoline skeleton. Among them benzylisoquinoline alkaloids form an important group with potent pharmacological activity, including analgesic compounds of morphine and codeine, and anti-infective agents of berberine, palmatine, and magnoflorine. Biosynthesis of isoquinoline alkaloids proceeds via decarboxylation of tyrosine or DOPA to yield dopamine, which together with 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, an aldehyde derived from tyrosine, is converted to reticuline, an important precursor of various benzylisoquinoline alkaloids.
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Class |
Metabolism; Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
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Pathway map |
map00950 | Isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis |

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Other DBs |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Morishige T, Tsujita T, Yamada Y, Sato F |
Title |
Molecular characterization of the S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3'-hydroxy-N-methylcoclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase involved in isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis in Coptis japonica. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Morishige T, Dubouzet E, Choi KB, Yazaki K, Sato F |
Title |
Molecular cloning of columbamine O-methyltransferase from cultured Coptis japonica cells. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Ounaroon A, Decker G, Schmidt J, Lottspeich F, Kutchan TM |
Title |
(R,S)-Reticuline 7-O-methyltransferase and (R,S)-norcoclaurine 6-O-methyltransferase of Papaver somniferum - cDNA cloning and characterization of methyl transfer enzymes of alkaloid biosynthesis in opium poppy. |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Ikezawa N, Iwasa K, Sato F |
Title |
Molecular cloning and characterization of CYP80G2, a cytochrome P450 that catalyzes an intramolecular C-C phenol coupling of (S)-reticuline in magnoflorine biosynthesis, from cultured Coptis japonica cells. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Facchini PJ, De Luca V |
Title |
Opium poppy and Madagascar periwinkle: model non-model systems to investigate alkaloid biosynthesis in plants. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Minami H, Kim JS, Ikezawa N, Takemura T, Katayama T, Kumagai H, Sato F |
Title |
Microbial production of plant benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Rueffer M, Bauer W, Zenk MH. |
Title |
The formation of corydaline and related alkaloids in Corydalis cava in vivo and in vitro. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Sekine Y, Crevelling C, Bell M, Brossi A. |
Title |
Mammalian alkaloids: O-methylation of (+-)-norcoclaurine-1-carboxylic acid and related isoquinolines including (S)- and (R)-norcoclaurine with 14C-labeled S-adenosyl-L-methionine in presence of mammalian catechol O-methyltransferase. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
De-Eknamkul W, Tanahashi T, Zenk MH. |
Title |
Enzymic 10-hydroxylation and 10-O-methylation of dihydrosanguinarine in dihydrochelirubine formation by Eschscholtzia. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Kammerer L, De-Eknamkul W, Zenk MH. |
Title |
Enzymic 12-hydroxylation and 12-O-methylation of dihydrochelirubine in dihydromacarpine formation by Thalictrum bulgaricum. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Schumacher HM, Zenk MH |
Title |
Partial purification and characterization of dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase from Eschscholtzia californica cell suspension cultures. |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Rueffer M, Zenk MH. |
Title |
Enzymatic formation of protopines by a microsomal cytochrome P-450 system of Corydalis vaginans. |
Journal |
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Related pathway |
map00400 | Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis |
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KO pathway |
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LinkDB |
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