KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle)
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose-6P => ribulose-5P
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose-6P => ribose-5P
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose-5P => PRPP

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway)
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate

Energy metabolism
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis
M00087 beta-Oxidation
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoy..
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone
M00977 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis (androgen backdoor pathway), pregnenolone => androst..

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolip..
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis
M00100 Sphingosine degradation

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine
M00621 Glycine cleavage system
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway
M00035 Methionine degradation

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine
M00029 Urea cycle
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate
M00972 Proline metabolism

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00892 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, eukaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc
M01003 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, GlcNAc => UDP-GlcNAc
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man
M01015 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Man => GDP-Man
M01001 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, L-Fuc => GDP-L-Fuc
M00955 CMP-Neu5Ac/Neu5Gc biosynthesis, animals, UDP-GlcNAc => CMP-Neu5Ac => CMP-Neu5Gc
M01016 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, GDP-Man => GDP-L-Fuc

Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type
M00056 O-glycan biosynthesis, mucin type core
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3)
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide
M00983 GPI-anchor remodeling
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation

Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => di..
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinone

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes