Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE), also known as developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE), is characterized by frequent tonic spasms of early onset within a few months of life, and a suppression-burst pattern in electroencephalography (EEG). Many causes have been considered for EIEE. It has been reported that 75% of the cases subsequently evolve to West syndrome, and later a much smaller number progress to Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
Category
Nervous system disease
Brite
Human diseases in ICD-11 classification [BR:br08403]
08 Diseases of the nervous system
Epilepsy or seizures
8A62 Epileptic encephalopathies
H00606 Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy
Pathway-based classification of diseases [BR:br08402]
Signal transduction
nt06528 Calcium signaling
H00606 Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy
Cellular process
nt06512 Chromosome cohesion and segregation
H00606 Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy
Molinari F, Raas-Rothschild A, Rio M, Fiermonte G, Encha-Razavi F, Palmieri L, Palmieri F, Ben-Neriah Z, Kadhom N, Vekemans M, Attie-Bitach T, Munnich A, Rustin P, Colleaux L
Title
Impaired mitochondrial glutamate transport in autosomal recessive neonatal myoclonic epilepsy.
Saitsu H, Tohyama J, Kumada T, Egawa K, Hamada K, Okada I, Mizuguchi T, Osaka H, Miyata R, Furukawa T, Haginoya K, Hoshino H, Goto T, Hachiya Y, Yamagata T, Saitoh S, Nagai T, Nishiyama K, Nishimura A, Miyake N, Komada M, Hayashi K, Hirai S, Ogata K, Kato M, Fukuda A, Matsumoto N
Title
Dominant-negative mutations in alpha-II spectrin cause West syndrome with severe cerebral hypomyelination, spastic quadriplegia, and developmental delay.
Shen J, Gilmore EC, Marshall CA, Haddadin M, Reynolds JJ, Eyaid W, Bodell A, Barry B, Gleason D, Allen K, Ganesh VS, Chang BS, Grix A, Hill RS, Topcu M, Caldecott KW, Barkovich AJ, Walsh CA
Title
Mutations in PNKP cause microcephaly, seizures and defects in DNA repair.
Barcia G, Fleming MR, Deligniere A, Gazula VR, Brown MR, Langouet M, Chen H, Kronengold J, Abhyankar A, Cilio R, Nitschke P, Kaminska A, Boddaert N, Casanova JL, Desguerre I, Munnich A, Dulac O, Kaczmarek LK, Colleaux L, Nabbout R
Title
De novo gain-of-function KCNT1 channel mutations cause malignant migrating partial seizures of infancy.
Basel-Vanagaite L, Hershkovitz T, Heyman E, Raspall-Chaure M, Kakar N, Smirin-Yosef P, Vila-Pueyo M, Kornreich L, Thiele H, Bode H, Lagovsky I, Dahary D, Haviv A, Hubshman MW, Pasmanik-Chor M, Nurnberg P, Gothelf D, Kubisch C, Shohat M, Macaya A, Borck G
Title
Biallelic SZT2 mutations cause infantile encephalopathy with epilepsy and dysmorphic corpus callosum.
Kodera H, Nakamura K, Osaka H, Maegaki Y, Haginoya K, Mizumoto S, Kato M, Okamoto N, Iai M, Kondo Y, Nishiyama K, Tsurusaki Y, Nakashima M, Miyake N, Hayasaka K, Sugahara K, Yuasa I, Wada Y, Matsumoto N, Saitsu H
Title
De novo mutations in SLC35A2 encoding a UDP-galactose transporter cause early-onset epileptic encephalopathy.
Perrault I, Hamdan FF, Rio M, Capo-Chichi JM, Boddaert N, Decarie JC, Maranda B, Nabbout R, Sylvain M, Lortie A, Roux PP, Rossignol E, Gerard X, Barcia G, Berquin P, Munnich A, Rouleau GA, Kaplan J, Rozet JM, Michaud JL
Title
Mutations in DOCK7 in individuals with epileptic encephalopathy and cortical blindness.
Nava C, Dalle C, Rastetter A, Striano P, de Kovel CG, Nabbout R, Cances C, Ville D, Brilstra EH, Gobbi G, Raffo E, Bouteiller D, Marie Y, Trouillard O, Robbiano A, Keren B, Agher D, Roze E, Lesage S, Nicolas A, Brice A, Baulac M, Vogt C, El Hajj N, Schneider E, Suls A, Weckhuysen S, Gormley P, Lehesjoki AE, De Jonghe P, Helbig I, Baulac S, Zara F, Koeleman BP, Haaf T, LeGuern E, Depienne C
Title
De novo mutations in HCN1 cause early infantile epileptic encephalopathy.
Thevenon J, Milh M, Feillet F, St-Onge J, Duffourd Y, Juge C, Roubertie A, Heron D, Mignot C, Raffo E, Isidor B, Wahlen S, Sanlaville D, Villeneuve N, Darmency-Stamboul V, Toutain A, Lefebvre M, Chouchane M, Huet F, Lafon A, de Saint Martin A, Lesca G, El Chehadeh S, Thauvin-Robinet C, Masurel-Paulet A, Odent S, Villard L, Philippe C, Faivre L, Riviere JB
Title
Mutations in SLC13A5 cause autosomal-recessive epileptic encephalopathy with seizure onset in the first days of life.
Lemke JR, Hendrickx R, Geider K, Laube B, Schwake M, Harvey RJ, James VM, Pepler A, Steiner I, Hortnagel K, Neidhardt J, Ruf S, Wolff M, Bartholdi D, Caraballo R, Platzer K, Suls A, De Jonghe P, Biskup S, Weckhuysen S
Title
GRIN2B mutations in West syndrome and intellectual disability with focal epilepsy.
The supposed tumor suppressor gene WWOX is mutated in an early lethal microcephaly syndrome with epilepsy, growth retardation and retinal degeneration.
Simons C, Griffin LB, Helman G, Golas G, Pizzino A, Bloom M, Murphy JL, Crawford J, Evans SH, Topper S, Whitehead MT, Schreiber JM, Chapman KA, Tifft C, Lu KB, Gamper H, Shigematsu M, Taft RJ, Antonellis A, Hou YM, Vanderver A
Title
Loss-of-function alanyl-tRNA synthetase mutations cause an autosomal-recessive early-onset epileptic encephalopathy with persistent myelination defect.
Hansen J, Snow C, Tuttle E, Ghoneim DH, Yang CS, Spencer A, Gunter SA, Smyser CD, Gurnett CA, Shinawi M, Dobyns WB, Wheless J, Halterman MW, Jansen LA, Paschal BM, Paciorkowski AR
Title
De novo mutations in SIK1 cause a spectrum of developmental epilepsies.
Stodberg T, McTague A, Ruiz AJ, Hirata H, Zhen J, Long P, Farabella I, Meyer E, Kawahara A, Vassallo G, Stivaros SM, Bjursell MK, Stranneheim H, Tigerschiold S, Persson B, Bangash I, Das K, Hughes D, Lesko N, Lundeberg J, Scott RC, Poduri A, Scheffer IE, Smith H, Gissen P, Schorge S, Reith ME, Topf M, Kullmann DM, Harvey RJ, Wedell A, Kurian MA
Title
Mutations in SLC12A5 in epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures.
Timal S, Hoischen A, Lehle L, Adamowicz M, Huijben K, Sykut-Cegielska J, Paprocka J, Jamroz E, van Spronsen FJ, Korner C, Gilissen C, Rodenburg RJ, Eidhof I, Van den Heuvel L, Thiel C, Wevers RA, Morava E, Veltman J, Lefeber DJ
Title
Gene identification in the congenital disorders of glycosylation type I by whole-exome sequencing.
Alfaiz AA, Muller V, Boutry-Kryza N, Ville D, Guex N, de Bellescize J, Rivier C, Labalme A, des Portes V, Edery P, Till M, Xenarios I, Sanlaville D, Herrmann JM, Lesca G, Reymond A
Title
West syndrome caused by homozygous variant in the evolutionary conserved gene encoding the mitochondrial elongation factor GUF1.
Burgess R, Wang S, McTague A, Boysen KE, Yang X, Zeng Q, Myers KA, Rochtus A, Trivisano M, Gill D, Sadleir LG, Specchio N, Guerrini R, Marini C, Zhang YH, Mefford HC, Kurian MA, Poduri AH, Scheffer IE
Title
The Genetic Landscape of Epilepsy of Infancy with Migrating Focal Seizures.
Assoum M, Philippe C, Isidor B, Perrin L, Makrythanasis P, Sondheimer N, Paris C, Douglas J, Lesca G, Antonarakis S, Hamamy H, Jouan T, Duffourd Y, Auvin S, Saunier A, Begtrup A, Nowak C, Chatron N, Ville D, Mireskandari K, Milani P, Jonveaux P, Lemeur G, Milh M, Amamoto M, Kato M, Nakashima M, Miyake N, Matsumoto N, Masri A, Thauvin-Robinet C, Riviere JB, Faivre L, Thevenon J
Title
Autosomal-Recessive Mutations in AP3B2, Adaptor-Related Protein Complex 3 Beta 2 Subunit, Cause an Early-Onset Epileptic Encephalopathy with Optic Atrophy.
Ait-El-Mkadem S, Dayem-Quere M, Gusic M, Chaussenot A, Bannwarth S, Francois B, Genin EC, Fragaki K, Volker-Touw CL, Vasnier C, Serre V, van Gassen KL, Lespinasse F, Richter S, Eisenhofer G, Rouzier C, Mochel F, De Saint-Martin A, Abi Warde MT, de Sain-van der Velde MG, Jans JJ, Amiel J, Avsec Z, Mertes C, Haack TB, Strom T, Meitinger T, Bonnen PE, Taylor RW, Gagneur J, van Hasselt PM, Rotig A, Delahodde A, Prokisch H, Fuchs SA, Paquis-Flucklinger V
Title
Mutations in MDH2, Encoding a Krebs Cycle Enzyme, Cause Early-Onset Severe Encephalopathy.
Hardies K, Cai Y, Jardel C, Jansen AC, Cao M, May P, Djemie T, Hachon Le Camus C, Keymolen K, Deconinck T, Bhambhani V, Long C, Sajan SA, Helbig KL, Suls A, Balling R, Helbig I, De Jonghe P, Depienne C, De Camilli P, Weckhuysen S
Title
Loss of SYNJ1 dual phosphatase activity leads to early onset refractory seizures and progressive neurological decline.
Johnstone DL, Nguyen TT, Murakami Y, Kernohan KD, Tetreault M, Goldsmith C, Doja A, Wagner JD, Huang L, Hartley T, St-Denis A, le Deist F, Majewski J, Bulman DE, Kinoshita T, Dyment DA, Boycott KM, Campeau PM
Title
Compound heterozygous mutations in the gene PIGP are associated with early infantile epileptic encephalopathy.
Guella I, McKenzie MB, Evans DM, Buerki SE, Toyota EB, Van Allen MI, Suri M, Elmslie F, Simon MEH, van Gassen KLI, Heron D, Keren B, Nava C, Connolly MB, Demos M, Farrer MJ
Title
De Novo Mutations in YWHAG Cause Early-Onset Epilepsy.
Mutoh H, Kato M, Akita T, Shibata T, Wakamoto H, Ikeda H, Kitaura H, Aoto K, Nakashima M, Wang T, Ohba C, Miyatake S, Miyake N, Kakita A, Miyake K, Fukuda A, Matsumoto N, Saitsu H
Title
Biallelic Variants in CNPY3, Encoding an Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone, Cause Early-Onset Epileptic Encephalopathy.
Straub J, Konrad EDH, Gruner J, Toutain A, Bok LA, Cho MT, Crawford HP, Dubbs H, Douglas G, Jobling R, Johnson D, Krock B, Mikati MA, Nesbitt A, Nicolai J, Phillips M, Poduri A, Ortiz-Gonzalez XR, Powis Z, Santani A, Smith L, Stegmann APA, Stumpel C, Vreeburg M, Fliedner A, Gregor A, Sticht H, Zweier C
Title
Missense Variants in RHOBTB2 Cause a Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy in Humans, and Altered Levels Cause Neurological Defects in Drosophila.
Nakashima M, Kato M, Aoto K, Shiina M, Belal H, Mukaida S, Kumada S, Sato A, Zerem A, Lerman-Sagie T, Lev D, Leong HY, Tsurusaki Y, Mizuguchi T, Miyatake S, Miyake N, Ogata K, Saitsu H, Matsumoto N
Title
De novo hotspot variants in CYFIP2 cause early-onset epileptic encephalopathy.
Olson HE, Jean-Marcais N, Yang E, Heron D, Tatton-Brown K, van der Zwaag PA, Bijlsma EK, Krock BL, Backer E, Kamsteeg EJ, Sinnema M, Reijnders MRF, Bearden D, Begtrup A, Telegrafi A, Lunsing RJ, Burglen L, Lesca G, Cho MT, Smith LA, Sheidley BR, Moufawad El Achkar C, Pearl PL, Poduri A, Skraban CM, Tarpinian J, Nesbitt AI, Fransen van de Putte DE, Ruivenkamp CAL, Rump P, Chatron N, Sabatier I, De Bellescize J, Guibaud L, Sweetser DA, Waxler JL, Wierenga KJ, Donadieu J, Narayanan V, Ramsey KM, Nava C, Riviere JB, Vitobello A, Tran Mau-Them F, Philippe C, Bruel AL, Duffourd Y, Thomas L, Lelieveld SH, Schuurs-Hoeijmakers J, Brunner HG, Keren B, Thevenon J, Faivre L, Thomas G, Thauvin-Robinet C
Title
A Recurrent De Novo PACS2 Heterozygous Missense Variant Causes Neonatal-Onset Developmental Epileptic Encephalopathy, Facial Dysmorphism, and Cerebellar Dysgenesis.
Chatron N, Moller RS, Champaigne NL, Schneider AL, Kuechler A, Labalme A, Simonet T, Baggett L, Bardel C, Kamsteeg EJ, Pfundt R, Romano C, Aronsson J, Alberti A, Vinci M, Miranda MJ, Lacroix A, Marjanovic D, des Portes V, Edery P, Wieczorek D, Gardella E, Scheffer IE, Mefford H, Sanlaville D, Carvill GL, Lesca G
Title
The epilepsy phenotypic spectrum associated with a recurrent CUX2 variant.
Barel O, Malicdan MCV, Ben-Zeev B, Kandel J, Pri-Chen H, Stephen J, Castro IG, Metz J, Atawa O, Moshkovitz S, Ganelin E, Barshack I, Polak-Charcon S, Nass D, Marek-Yagel D, Amariglio N, Shalva N, Vilboux T, Ferreira C, Pode-Shakked B, Heimer G, Hoffmann C, Yardeni T, Nissenkorn A, Avivi C, Eyal E, Kol N, Glick Saar E, Wallace DC, Gahl WA, Rechavi G, Schrader M, Eckmann DM, Anikster Y
Title
Deleterious variants in TRAK1 disrupt mitochondrial movement and cause fatal encephalopathy.
Hamada N, Ogaya S, Nakashima M, Nishijo T, Sugawara Y, Iwamoto I, Ito H, Maki Y, Shirai K, Baba S, Maruyama K, Saitsu H, Kato M, Matsumoto N, Momiyama T, Nagata KI
Title
De novo PHACTR1 mutations in West syndrome and their pathophysiological effects.
Bell S, Rousseau J, Peng H, Aouabed Z, Priam P, Theroux JF, Jefri M, Tanti A, Wu H, Kolobova I, Silviera H, Manzano-Vargas K, Ehresmann S, Hamdan FF, Hettige N, Zhang X, Antonyan L, Nassif C, Ghaloul-Gonzalez L, Sebastian J, Vockley J, Begtrup AG, Wentzensen IM, Crunk A, Nicholls RD, Herman KC, Deignan JL, Al-Hertani W, Efthymiou S, Salpietro V, Miyake N, Makita Y, Matsumoto N, Ostern R, Houge G, Hafstrom M, Fassi E, Houlden H, Klein Wassink-Ruiter JS, Nelson D, Goldstein A, Dabir T, van Gils J, Bourgeron T, Delorme R, Cooper GM, Martinez JE, Finnila CR, Carmant L, Lortie A, Oegema R, van Gassen K, Mehta SG, Huhle D, Abou Jamra R, Martin S, Brunner HG, Lindhout D, Au M, Graham JM Jr, Coubes C, Turecki G, Gravel S, Mechawar N, Rossignol E, Michaud JL, Lessard J, Ernst C, Campeau PM
Title
Mutations in ACTL6B Cause Neurodevelopmental Deficits and Epilepsy and Lead to Loss of Dendrites in Human Neurons.
Murakami Y, Nguyen TTM, Baratang N, Raju PK, Knaus A, Ellard S, Jones G, Lace B, Rousseau J, Ajeawung NF, Kamei A, Minase G, Akasaka M, Araya N, Koshimizu E, van den Ende J, Erger F, Altmuller J, Krumina Z, Strautmanis J, Inashkina I, Stavusis J, El-Gharbawy A, Sebastian J, Puri RD, Kulshrestha S, Verma IC, Maier EM, Haack TB, Israni A, Baptista J, Gunning A, Rosenfeld JA, Liu P, Joosten M, Rocha ME, Hashem MO, Aldhalaan HM, Alkuraya FS, Miyatake S, Matsumoto N, Krawitz PM, Rossignol E, Kinoshita T, Campeau PM
Title
Mutations in PIGB Cause an Inherited GPI Biosynthesis Defect with an Axonal Neuropathy and Metabolic Abnormality in Severe Cases.
Esposito A, Falace A, Wagner M, Gal M, Mei D, Conti V, Pisano T, Aprile D, Cerullo MS, De Fusco A, Giovedi S, Seibt A, Magen D, Polster T, Eran A, Stenton SL, Fiorillo C, Ravid S, Mayatepek E, Hafner H, Wortmann S, Levanon EY, Marini C, Mandel H, Benfenati F, Distelmaier F, Fassio A, Guerrini R
Title
Biallelic DMXL2 mutations impair autophagy and cause Ohtahara syndrome with progressive course.
van Karnebeek CDM, Ramos RJ, Wen XY, Tarailo-Graovac M, Gleeson JG, Skrypnyk C, Brand-Arzamendi K, Karbassi F, Issa MY, van der Lee R, Drogemoller BI, Koster J, Rousseau J, Campeau PM, Wang Y, Cao F, Li M, Ruiter J, Ciapaite J, Kluijtmans LAJ, Willemsen MAAP, Jans JJ, Ross CJ, Wintjes LT, Rodenburg RJ, Huigen MCDG, Jia Z, Waterham HR, Wasserman WW, Wanders RJA, Verhoeven-Duif NM, Zaki MS, Wevers RA
Title
Bi-allelic GOT2 Mutations Cause a Treatable Malate-Aspartate Shuttle-Related Encephalopathy.
Perenthaler E, Nikoncuk A, Yousefi S, Berdowski WM, Alsagob M, Capo I, van der Linde HC, van den Berg P, Jacobs EH, Putar D, Ghazvini M, Aronica E, van IJcken WFJ, de Valk WG, Medici-van den Herik E, van Slegtenhorst M, Brick L, Kozenko M, Kohler JN, Bernstein JA, Monaghan KG, Begtrup A, Torene R, Al Futaisi A, Al Murshedi F, Mani R, Al Azri F, Kamsteeg EJ, Mojarrad M, Eslahi A, Khazaei Z, Darmiyan FM, Doosti M, Karimiani EG, Vandrovcova J, Zafar F, Rana N, Kandaswamy KK, Hertecant J, Bauer P, AlMuhaizea MA, Salih MA, Aldosary M, Almass R, Al-Quait L, Qubbaj W, Coskun S, Alahmadi KO, Hamad MHA, Alwadaee S, Awartani K, Dababo AM, Almohanna F, Colak D, Dehghani M, Mehrjardi MYV, Gunel M, Ercan-Sencicek AG, Passi GR, Cheema HA, Efthymiou S, Houlden H, Bertoli-Avella AM, Brooks AS, Retterer K, Maroofian R, Kaya N, van Ham TJ, Barakat TS
Title
Loss of UGP2 in brain leads to a severe epileptic encephalopathy, emphasizing that bi-allelic isoform-specific start-loss mutations of essential genes can cause genetic diseases.
Chung HL, Mao X, Wang H, Park YJ, Marcogliese PC, Rosenfeld JA, Burrage LC, Liu P, Murdock DR, Yamamoto S, Wangler MF, Chao HT, Long H, Feng L, Bacino CA, Bellen HJ, Xiao B
Title
De Novo Variants in CDK19 Are Associated with a Syndrome Involving Intellectual Disability and Epileptic Encephalopathy.
Fry AE, Marra C, Derrick AV, Pickrell WO, Higgins AT, Te Water Naude J, McClatchey MA, Davies SJ, Metcalfe KA, Tan HJ, Mohanraj R, Avula S, Williams D, Brady LI, Mesterman R, Tarnopolsky MA, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Wang X, Rees MI, Goldfarb M, Chung SK
Title
Missense variants in the N-terminal domain of the A isoform of FHF2/FGF13 cause an X-linked developmental and epileptic encephalopathy.
Myers CT, Stong N, Mountier EI, Helbig KL, Freytag S, Sullivan JE, Ben Zeev B, Nissenkorn A, Tzadok M, Heimer G, Shinde DN, Rezazadeh A, Regan BM, Oliver KL, Ernst ME, Lippa NC, Mulhern MS, Ren Z, Poduri A, Andrade DM, Bird LM, Bahlo M, Berkovic SF, Lowenstein DH, Scheffer IE, Sadleir LG, Goldstein DB, Mefford HC, Heinzen EL
Title
De Novo Mutations in PPP3CA Cause Severe Neurodevelopmental Disease with Seizures.
Fassio A, Esposito A, Kato M, Saitsu H, Mei D, Marini C, Conti V, Nakashima M, Okamoto N, Olmez Turker A, Albuz B, Semerci Gunduz CN, Yanagihara K, Belmonte E, Maragliano L, Ramsey K, Balak C, Siniard A, Narayanan V, Ohba C, Shiina M, Ogata K, Matsumoto N, Benfenati F, Guerrini R
Title
De novo mutations of the ATP6V1A gene cause developmental encephalopathy with epilepsy.
Nguyen TTM, Murakami Y, Wigby KM, Baratang NV, Rousseau J, St-Denis A, Rosenfeld JA, Laniewski SC, Jones J, Iglesias AD, Jones MC, Masser-Frye D, Scheuerle AE, Perry DL, Taft RJ, Le Deist F, Thompson M, Kinoshita T, Campeau PM
Title
Mutations in PIGS, Encoding a GPI Transamidase, Cause a Neurological Syndrome Ranging from Fetal Akinesia to Epileptic Encephalopathy.
Itai T, Hamanaka K, Sasaki K, Wagner M, Kotzaeridou U, Brosse I, Ries M, Kobayashi Y, Tohyama J, Kato M, Ong WP, Chew HB, Rethanavelu K, Ranza E, Blanc X, Uchiyama Y, Tsuchida N, Fujita A, Azuma Y, Koshimizu E, Mizuguchi T, Takata A, Miyake N, Takahashi H, Miyagi E, Tsurusaki Y, Doi H, Taguri M, Antonarakis SE, Nakashima M, Saitsu H, Miyatake S, Matsumoto N
Title
De novo variants in CELF2 that disrupt the nuclear localization signal cause developmental and epileptic encephalopathy.
Balak C, Belnap N, Ramsey K, Joss S, Devriendt K, Naymik M, Jepsen W, Siniard AL, Szelinger S, Parker ME, Richholt R, Izatt T, LaFleur M, Terraf P, Llaci L, De Both M, Piras IS, Rangasamy S, Schrauwen I, Craig DW, Huentelman M, Narayanan V
Title
A novel FBXO28 frameshift mutation in a child with developmental delay, dysmorphic features, and intractable epilepsy: A second gene that may contribute to the 1q41-q42 deletion phenotype.
Aoto K, Kato M, Akita T, Nakashima M, Mutoh H, Akasaka N, Tohyama J, Nomura Y, Hoshino K, Ago Y, Tanaka R, Epstein O, Ben-Haim R, Heyman E, Miyazaki T, Belal H, Takabayashi S, Ohba C, Takata A, Mizuguchi T, Miyatake S, Miyake N, Fukuda A, Matsumoto N, Saitsu H
Title
ATP6V0A1 encoding the a1-subunit of the V0 domain of vacuolar H(+)-ATPases is essential for brain development in humans and mice.
Ni M, Afroze B, Xing C, Pan C, Shao Y, Cai L, Cantarel BL, Pei J, Grishin NV, Hewson S, Knight D, Mahida S, Michel D, Tarnopolsky M, Poduri A, Rotenberg A, Sondheimer N, DeBerardinis RJ
Title
A pathogenic UFSP2 variant in an autosomal recessive form of pediatric neurodevelopmental anomalies and epilepsy.
Ververi A, Zagaglia S, Menzies L, Baptista J, Caswell R, Baulac S, Ellard S, Lynch S, Jacques TS, Chawla MS, Heier M, Kulseth MA, Mero IL, Vatevik AK, Kraoua I, Ben Rhouma H, Ben Younes T, Miladi Z, Ben Youssef Turki I, Jones WD, Clement E, Eltze C, Mankad K, Merve A, Parker J, Hoskins B, Pressler R, Sudhakar S, DeVile C, Homfray T, Kaliakatsos M, Robinson R, Keim SMB, Habibi I, Reymond A, Sisodiya SM, Hurst JA
Title
Germline homozygous missense DEPDC5 variants cause severe refractory early-onset epilepsy, macrocephaly and bilateral polymicrogyria.
Homozygous Mutation in Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A Gene Results in Intractable Epilepsy, Involuntary Movements, Microcephaly, and Developmental and Growth Retardation.
