KEGG PATHWAY: amex00270

PATHWAY: amex00270

Entry

amex00270                   Pathway

Name

Cysteine and methionine metabolism - Astyanax mexicanus (Mexican tetra)

Description

Cysteine and methionine are sulfur-containing amino acids. Cysteine is synthesized from serine through different pathways in different organism groups. In bacteria and plants, cysteine is converted from serine (via acetylserine) by transfer of hydrogen sulfide [MD:M00021]. In animals, methionine-derived homocysteine is used as sulfur source and its condensation product with serine (cystathionine) is converted to cysteine [MD:M00338]. Cysteine is metabolized to pyruvate in multiple routes. Methionine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, methionine is synthesized from aspartate [MD:M00017]. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM), synthesized from methionine and ATP, is a methyl group donor in many important transfer reactions including DNA methylation for regulation of gene expression. SAM may also be used to regenerate methionine in the methionine salvage pathway [MD:M00034].

Class

Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism

Pathway map

amex00270

Cysteine and methionine metabolism

Module

amex_M00035

Methionine degradation [PATH:amex00270]

amex_M00338

Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:amex00270]

Other DBs

GO:	0006534 0006555

Organism

Astyanax mexicanus (Mexican tetra) [GN:amex]

Gene

103034904

cth; cystathionine gamma-lyase [KO:K01758] [EC:4.4.1.1]

103027162

kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 3 isoform X2 [KO:K00816] [EC:2.6.1.7 4.4.1.13 2.6.1.64]

103046817

kyat1; kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 1 [KO:K00816] [EC:2.6.1.7 4.4.1.13 2.6.1.64]

103030674

cbsb; cystathionine beta-synthase b [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]

103027202

cbsa; cystathionine beta-synthase a isoform X1 [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]

103034807

bhmt; betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]

103040478

zgc:172121; homocysteine S-methyltransferase YbgG [KO:K00547] [EC:2.1.1.10]

103024936

mtr; methionine synthase [KO:K00548] [EC:2.1.1.13]

103028621

S-adenosylmethionine synthase-like [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]

103044681

mat2ab; S-adenosylmethionine synthase [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]

103032436

mat2b; methionine adenosyltransferase 2 subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]

103039813

mat2aa; methionine adenosyltransferase II, alpha a [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]

103041217

mat1a; S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform X1 [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]

103022635

mat2al; methionine adenosyltransferase II, alpha-like isoform X2 [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]

103022244

srm; spermidine synthase [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]

103023143

sms; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: spermine synthase [KO:K00802] [EC:2.5.1.22]

111189394

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine phosphorylase [KO:K00772] [EC:2.4.2.28]

103025265

lacc1; purine nucleoside phosphorylase LACC1 [KO:K05810] [EC:2.4.2.1 2.4.2.28 3.5.4.4]

103030145

mri1; methylthioribose-1-phosphate isomerase [KO:K08963] [EC:5.3.1.23]

103033695

methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase [KO:K08964] [EC:4.2.1.109]

103024728

enoph1; enolase-phosphatase E1 [KO:K09880] [EC:3.1.3.77]

103047522

adi1; acireductone dioxygenase [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]

103039201

tat; tyrosine aminotransferase [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]

103030984

L-amino-acid oxidase isoform X3 [KO:K03334] [EC:1.4.3.2]

103034230

L-amino-acid oxidase [KO:K03334] [EC:1.4.3.2]

103028138

gnmt; glycine N-methyltransferase [KO:K00552] [EC:2.1.1.20]

103044216

dnmt1; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]

103043892

DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A isoform X6 [KO:K17398] [EC:2.1.1.37]

103045261

dnmt3ab; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A isoform X1 [KO:K17398] [EC:2.1.1.37]

103037932

dnmt3bb.3; DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase beta, duplicate b.3 [KO:K17399] [EC:2.1.1.37]

103033828

dnmt3bb.1; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3B [KO:K17399] [EC:2.1.1.37]

103035866

dnmt3ba; DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 3 beta, duplicate a isoform X1 [KO:K17399] [EC:2.1.1.37]

103046793

ahcyl2b; adenosylhomocysteinase like 2b isoform X1 [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]

103042971

ahcy; adenosylhomocysteinase [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]

103043124

ahcyl2a; adenosylhomocysteinase like 2a isoform X1 [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]

103047407

ahcyl1; S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]

111193094

bcat2; branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]

103039877

bcat1; branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic isoform X1 [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]

103047265

agxt2; alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]

103047245

gclc; glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit isoform X1 [KO:K11204] [EC:6.3.2.2]

103026947

gclm; glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit [KO:K11205]

103038781

gss; glutathione synthetase isoform X1 [KO:K21456] [EC:6.3.2.3]

103041926

cdo1; cysteine dioxygenase type 1 [KO:K00456] [EC:1.13.11.20]

103047857

got1l1; putative aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic 2 [KO:K14454] [EC:2.6.1.1]

103034654

got1; aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic [KO:K14454] [EC:2.6.1.1]

103034182

got2a; aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K14455] [EC:2.6.1.1]

103028781

3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase-like [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]

103029448

mpst; 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]

125794061

3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase-like [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]

103047177

ldha; L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]

103028647

ldhbb; L-lactate dehydrogenase B-B chain isoform X1 [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]

103033414

ldhba; L-lactate dehydrogenase B-A chain [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]

103033607

mdh1ab; malate dehydrogenase 1Ab, NAD (soluble) [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]

103036835

mdh1aa; malate dehydrogenase 1Aa, NAD (soluble) isoform X1 [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]

103036822

mdh2; malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]

103042539

phgdh; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]

103024605

psat1; phosphoserine aminotransferase [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]

Compound

C00019

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine

C00021

S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine

C00022

Pyruvate

C00041

L-Alanine

C00049

L-Aspartate

C00051

Glutathione

C00059

Sulfate

C00065

L-Serine

C00073

L-Methionine

C00094

Sulfite

C00097

L-Cysteine

C00109

2-Oxobutanoate

C00155

L-Homocysteine

C00170

5'-Methylthioadenosine

C00197

3-Phospho-D-glycerate

C00263

L-Homoserine

C00283

Hydrogen sulfide

C00409

Methanethiol

C00441

L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde

C00491

L-Cystine

C00506

L-Cysteate

C00606

3-Sulfino-L-alanine

C00793

D-Cysteine

C00957

Mercaptopyruvate

C00979

O-Acetyl-L-serine

C01005

O-Phospho-L-serine

C01077

O-Acetyl-L-homoserine

C01118

O-Succinyl-L-homoserine

C01137

S-Adenosylmethioninamine

C01180

4-Methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid

C01234

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate

C01817

L-Homocystine

C01962

Thiocysteine

C02218

Dehydroalanine

C02291

L-Cystathionine

C02356

(S)-2-Aminobutanoate

C02989

L-Methionine S-oxide

C03082

4-Phospho-L-aspartate

C03089

5-Methylthio-D-ribose

C03145

N-Formylmethionine

C03232

3-Phosphonooxypyruvate

C03431

S-Inosyl-L-homocysteine

C03539

S-Ribosyl-L-homocysteine

C04188

S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribose 1-phosphate

C04582

S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate

C05324

Nicotianamine

C05524

Aminoacyl-L-methionine

C05526

S-Glutathionyl-L-cysteine

C05527

3-Sulfinylpyruvate

C05528

3-Sulfopyruvate

C05823

3-Mercaptolactate

C05824

S-Sulfo-L-cysteine

C06547

Ethylene

C08276

3-(Methylthio)propanoate

C09306

Sulfur dioxide

C11437

1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

C11481

HSO3-

C11499

(S)-3-Sulfolactate

C11537

(2R)-3-Sulfolactate

C15606

1,2-Dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one

C15650

2,3-Diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate

C15651

2-Hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate

C18049

N-Acyl-L-homoserine lactone

C19787

5'-S-Methyl-5'-thioinosine

C21015

gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-2-aminobutyrate

C21016

Ophthalmate

C22359

S-Methyl-1-thio-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

Reference

PMID:15102328

Authors

Sekowska A, Denervaud V, Ashida H, Michoud K, Haas D, Yokota A, Danchin A

Title

Bacterial variations on the methionine salvage pathway.

Journal

BMC Microbiol 4:9 (2004)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-4-9

Reference

PMID:14551435

Authors

Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Kobayashi K, Ogasawara N, Yokota A.

Title

A functional link between RuBisCO-like protein of Bacillus and photosynthetic RuBisCO.

Journal

Science 302:286-90 (2003)
DOI:10.1126/science.1086997

Reference

PMID:12022921

Authors

Sekowska A, Danchin A.

Title

The methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.

Journal

BMC Microbiol 2:8 (2002)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-2-8

Reference

PMID:12670965

Authors

Berger BJ, English S, Chan G, Knodel MH.

Title

Methionine regeneration and aminotransferases in Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus anthracis.

Journal

J Bacteriol 185:2418-31 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.8.2418-2431.2003

Reference

PMID:17169919

Authors

Goyer A, Collakova E, Shachar-Hill Y, Hanson AD

Title

Functional characterization of a methionine gamma-lyase in Arabidopsis and its implication in an alternative to the reverse trans-sulfuration pathway.

Journal

Plant Cell Physiol 48:232-42 (2007)
DOI:10.1093/pcp/pcl055

Reference

PMID:17030798

Authors

Rebeille F, Jabrin S, Bligny R, Loizeau K, Gambonnet B, Van Wilder V, Douce R, Ravanel S

Title

Methionine catabolism in Arabidopsis cells is initiated by a gamma-cleavage process and leads to S-methylcysteine and isoleucine syntheses.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:15687-92 (2006)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0606195103

Reference

PMID:18625006

Authors

Pirkov I, Norbeck J, Gustafsson L, Albers E

Title

A complete inventory of all enzymes in the eukaryotic methionine salvage pathway.

Journal

FEBS J 275:4111-20 (2008)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06552.x

Reference

PMID:18391471

Authors

Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Yokota A

Title

Enzymatic characterization of 5-methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase of the methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.

Journal

Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 72:959-67 (2008)
DOI:10.1271/bbb.70651

Reference

PMID:10613873

Authors

Kitabatake M, So MW, Tumbula DL, Soll D

Title

Cysteine biosynthesis pathway in the archaeon Methanosarcina barkeri encoded by acquired bacterial genes?

Journal

J Bacteriol 182:143-5 (2000)
DOI:10.1128/JB.182.1.143-145.2000

Reference

PMID:12644499

Authors

Mino K, Ishikawa K

Title

Characterization of a novel thermostable O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase from Aeropyrum pernix K1.

Journal

J Bacteriol 185:2277-84 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.7.2277-2284.2003

Reference

PMID:18520135

Authors

Tanabe S

Title

Development of assay methods for endogenous inorganic sulfur compounds and sulfurtransferases and evaluation of the physiological functions of bound sulfur.

Journal

Yakugaku Zasshi 128:881-900 (2008)
DOI:10.1248/yakushi.128.881

Reference

Authors

Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).

Title

[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)

Journal

Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)

Reference

PMID:19270684

Authors