KEGG   PATHWAY: apla04371
Entry
apla04371                   Pathway                                
Name
Apelin signaling pathway - Anas platyrhynchos (mallard)
Description
Apelin is an endogenous peptide capable of binding the apelin receptor (APJ), which was originally described as an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor. Apelin and APJ are widely expressed in various tissues and organ systems. They are implicated in different key physiological processes such as angiogenesis, cardiovascular functions, cell proliferation and energy metabolism regulation. On the other hand, this ligand receptor couple is also involved in several pathologies including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease and cancer.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
Pathway map
apla04371  Apelin signaling pathway
apla04371

Other DBs
GO: 0060183
Organism
Anas platyrhynchos (mallard) [GN:apla]
Gene
101804073  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101803512  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101791112  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101794067  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
119715289  ADCY6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 6 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101794076  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101794043  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101800617  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 isoform X1 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
113841751  adenylate cyclase type 10-like isoform X1 [KO:K11265] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101791856  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X3 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
101804440  APELA; apelin receptor early endogenous ligand [KO:K25355]
106020638  APLNR; apelin receptor [KO:K04174]
113845354  apelin receptor A-like [KO:K04174]
101797591  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 isoform X2 [KO:K04630]
101803759  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
101798529  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
101803096  GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536]
101790589  GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825]
101795291  GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538]
101797269  GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04539]
101802746  GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826]
101801725  GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541]
101797913  GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
101804564  GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
113840116  GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545]
101794407  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
101790756  GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
101797552  GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547]
101795862  GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
101794123  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
101790479  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
101804447  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101805172  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101790966  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101791594  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X6 [KO:K04958]
101791934  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
101792202  ITPR3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
101793907  RYR2; ryanodine receptor 2 isoform X4 [KO:K04962]
101789513  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3 isoform X2 [KO:K04963]
101805317  calmodulin, striated muscle [KO:K02183]
101804276  CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
101790182  CALM1; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
101799716  CALM2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
101798766  NOS1; nitric oxide synthase, brain isoform X1 [KO:K13240] [EC:1.14.13.39]
101804455  NOS2; nitric oxide synthase, inducible [KO:K13241] [EC:1.14.13.39]
101795629  PRKCE; protein kinase C epsilon type isoform X1 [KO:K18050] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101803574  SLC9A1; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 [KO:K05742]
101799858  SLC8A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium/calcium exchanger 1 [KO:K05849]
101798929  SLC8A3; sodium/calcium exchanger 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
101800032  myosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle-like [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
101803931  MYLK2; myosin light chain kinase 2, skeletal/cardiac muscle [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
101793167  MYLK3; myosin light chain kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
101794935  MYLK; myosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle isoform X1 [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
101799935  MYLK4; myosin light chain kinase family member 4 isoform X1 [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
119718633  MYL2; myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform isoform X1 [KO:K10351]
101804464  MYL3; myosin light chain 3 [KO:K12749]
101791820  MYL4; myosin light chain 4 [KO:K12750]
101793649  HRAS; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
101793538  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
101804733  NRAS; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
101796887  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
101802364  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
101795633  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101791037  MAP2K1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
119714201  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101800319  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101792883  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
119717128  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101801250  RPS6; 40S ribosomal protein S6 [KO:K02991]
101796856  PIK3CG; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform [KO:K21289] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101791074  PIK3R5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K21290]
101790494  PIK3R6; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K21290]
101804556  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101800458  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101802486  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101800060  EGR1; early growth response protein 1 [KO:K09203]
101792362  SPP1; osteopontin [KO:K06250]
101801713  JAG1; protein jagged-1 isoform X1 [KO:K06052]
101800639  CCND1; G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 isoform X2 [KO:K04503]
101798259  PDE3B; cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase B [KO:K13296] [EC:3.1.4.17]
101791899  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
101790933  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101792844  BECN1; beclin-1 [KO:K08334]
101793352  MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
101798675  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
101798980  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A isoform X1 [KO:K10435]
113839860  microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C-like [KO:K10435]
101801595  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
101799561  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
101805480  PRKAB1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 [KO:K07199]
101803934  PRKAB2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2 isoform X3 [KO:K07199]
101803710  PRKAG2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
113844108  PRKAG3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3 [KO:K07200]
119715285  PRKAG1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 [KO:K07200]
101795741  PLIN1; perilipin-1 [KO:K08768]
101804354  PPARGC1A; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha isoform X3 [KO:K07202]
101802908  NRF1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: nuclear respiratory factor 1 [KO:K11831]
101791491  TFAM; transcription factor A, mitochondrial [KO:K11830]
101797555  KLF2; Krueppel-like factor 2 [KO:K17845]
101798369  SPHK1; sphingosine kinase 1 [KO:K04718] [EC:2.7.1.91]
101801355  GNA13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 [KO:K04639]
101804940  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV [KO:K05869] [EC:2.7.11.17]
101802471  CAMK4; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV [KO:K05869] [EC:2.7.11.17]
101793488  HDAC4; histone deacetylase 4 isoform X9 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
101795118  MEF2A; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A isoform X1 [KO:K09260]
113845645  MEF2B; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2B [KO:K09261]
101789482  MEF2C; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C [KO:K04454]
101799116  MEF2D; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2D [KO:K09262]
101805328  TGF-beta receptor type-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04674] [EC:2.7.11.30]
119716123  TGF-beta receptor type-1 [KO:K04674] [EC:2.7.11.30]
101805334  SMAD2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04500]
101803787  mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04500]
101801230  SMAD3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 isoform X2 [KO:K23605]
101805274  SMAD4; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 [KO:K04501]
119713770  mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4-like isoform X1 [KO:K04501]
101793497  ACTA2; actin, aortic smooth muscle [KO:K12313]
101794572  CDH1; cadherin-1 [KO:K05689]
101790193  CCN2; CCN family member 2 [KO:K06827]
106019797  CCN family member 2-like [KO:K06827]
101804939  AGTR1; type-1 angiotensin II receptor [KO:K04166]
101790558  PLAT; tissue-type plasminogen activator [KO:K01343] [EC:3.4.21.68]
Compound
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00290  Fibrin
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
C06124  Sphingosine 1-phosphate
Reference
PMID:26143239
  Authors
Yang P, Maguire JJ, Davenport AP
  Title
Apelin, Elabela/Toddler, and biased agonists as novel therapeutic agents in the cardiovascular system.
  Journal
Trends Pharmacol Sci 36:560-7 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.tips.2015.06.002
Reference
PMID:22140623
  Authors
Andersen CU, Hilberg O, Mellemkjaer S, Nielsen-Kudsk JE, Simonsen U
  Title
Apelin and pulmonary hypertension.
  Journal
Pulm Circ 1:334-46 (2011)
DOI:10.4103/2045-8932.87299
Reference
PMID:25275559
  Authors
Chapman NA, Dupre DJ, Rainey JK
  Title
The apelin receptor: physiology, pathology, cell signalling, and ligand modulation of a peptide-activated class A GPCR.
  Journal
Biochem Cell Biol 92:431-40 (2014)
DOI:10.1139/bcb-2014-0072
Reference
PMID:18272138
  Authors
Japp AG, Newby DE
  Title
The apelin-APJ system in heart failure: pathophysiologic relevance and therapeutic potential.
  Journal
Biochem Pharmacol 75:1882-92 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2007.12.015
Reference
PMID:25652330
  Authors
Folino A, Montarolo PG, Samaja M, Rastaldo R
  Title
Effects of apelin on the cardiovascular system.
  Journal
Heart Fail Rev 20:505-18 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s10741-015-9475-x
Reference
PMID:23943882
  Authors
O'Carroll AM, Lolait SJ, Harris LE, Pope GR
  Title
The apelin receptor APJ: journey from an orphan to a multifaceted regulator of homeostasis.
  Journal
J Endocrinol 219:R13-35 (2013)
DOI:10.1530/JOE-13-0227
Reference
PMID:23973488
  Authors
Liu QF, Yu HW, You L, Liu MX, Li KY, Tao GZ
  Title
Apelin-13-induced proliferation and migration induced of rat vascular smooth muscle cells is mediated by the upregulation of Egr-1.
  Journal
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 439:235-40 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.08.051
Reference
PMID:26254105
  Authors
Novakova V, Sandhu GS, Dragomir-Daescu D, Klabusay M
  Title
Apelinergic system in endothelial cells and its role in angiogenesis in myocardial ischemia.
  Journal
Vascul Pharmacol 76:1-10 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.vph.2015.08.005
Reference
PMID:21725702
  Authors
Castan-Laurell I, Dray C, Attane C, Duparc T, Knauf C, Valet P
  Title
Apelin, diabetes, and obesity.
  Journal
Endocrine 40:1-9 (2011)
DOI:10.1007/s12020-011-9507-9
Reference
PMID:23924696
  Authors
Li L, Li L, Xie F, Zhang Z, Guo Y, Tang G, Lv D, Lu Q, Chen L, Li J
  Title
Jagged-1/Notch3 signaling transduction pathway is involved in apelin-13-induced vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation.
  Journal
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 45:875-81 (2013)
DOI:10.1093/abbs/gmt085
Reference
PMID:24990699
  Authors
Wu D, He L, Chen L
  Title
Apelin/APJ system: a promising therapy target for hypertension.
  Journal
Mol Biol Rep 41:6691-703 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s11033-014-3552-4
Reference
PMID:20539939
  Authors
Liu C, Su T, Li F, Li L, Qin X, Pan W, Feng F, Chen F, Liao D, Chen L
  Title
PI3K/Akt signaling transduction pathway is involved in rat vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation induced by apelin-13.
  Journal
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 42:396-402 (2010)
DOI:10.1093/abbs/gmq035
Reference
PMID:26607438
  Authors
Xie F, Liu W, Feng F, Li X, He L, Lv D, Qin X, Li L, Li L, Chen L
  Title
Apelin-13 promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via PI3K-Akt-ERK1/2-p70S6K and PI3K-induced autophagy.
  Journal
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 47:969-80 (2015)
DOI:10.1093/abbs/gmv111
Reference
PMID:27979574
  Authors
Lu L, Wu D, Li L, Chen L
  Title
Apelin/APJ system: A bifunctional target for cardiac hypertrophy.
  Journal
Int J Cardiol 230:164-170 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.215
Reference
PMID:16182514
  Authors
Carmen GY, Victor SM
  Title
Signalling mechanisms regulating lipolysis.
  Journal
Cell Signal 18:401-8 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.cellsig.2005.08.009
Reference
PMID:27650065
  Authors
Hu H, He L, Li L, Chen L
  Title
Apelin/APJ system as a therapeutic target in diabetes and its complications.
  Journal
Mol Genet Metab 119:20-7 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.07.012
Reference
PMID:25914650
  Authors
Bertrand C, Valet P, Castan-Laurell I
  Title
Apelin and energy metabolism.
  Journal
Front Physiol 6:115 (2015)
DOI:10.3389/fphys.2015.00115
Reference
PMID:26385179
  Authors
Yao F, Lv YC, Zhang M, Xie W, Tan YL, Gong D, Cheng HP, Liu D, Li L, Liu XY, Zheng XL, Tang CK
  Title
Apelin-13 impedes foam cell formation by activating Class III PI3K/Beclin-1-mediated autophagic pathway.
  Journal
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 466:637-43 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.045
Reference
PMID:22842084
  Authors
Than A, Cheng Y, Foh LC, Leow MK, Lim SC, Chuah YJ, Kang Y, Chen P
  Title
Apelin inhibits adipogenesis and lipolysis through distinct molecular pathways.
  Journal
Mol Cell Endocrinol 362:227-41 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.mce.2012.07.002
Reference
PMID:24055369
  Authors
Yu XH, Tang ZB, Liu LJ, Qian H, Tang SL, Zhang DW, Tian GP, Tang CK
  Title
Apelin and its receptor APJ in cardiovascular diseases.
  Journal
Clin Chim Acta 428:1-8 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.cca.2013.09.001
Reference
PMID:25931124
  Authors
Than A, He HL, Chua SH, Xu D, Sun L, Leow MK, Chen P
  Title
Apelin Enhances Brown Adipogenesis and Browning of White Adipocytes.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 290:14679-91 (2015)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M115.643817
Reference
PMID:25139773
  Authors
Fu J, Li Z, Zhang H, Mao Y, Wang A, Wang X, Zou Z, Zhang X
  Title
Molecular pathways regulating the formation of brown-like adipocytes in white adipose tissue.
  Journal
Diabetes Metab Res Rev 31:433-52 (2015)
DOI:10.1002/dmrr.2600
Reference
PMID:21464822
  Authors
Aharoni-Simon M, Hann-Obercyger M, Pen S, Madar Z, Tirosh O
  Title
Fatty liver is associated with impaired activity of PPARgamma-coactivator 1alpha (PGC1alpha) and mitochondrial biogenesis in mice.
  Journal
Lab Invest 91:1018-28 (2011)
DOI:10.1038/labinvest.2011.55
Reference
PMID:22995518
  Authors
McLean DL, Kim J, Kang Y, Shi H, Atkins GB, Jain MK, Chun HJ
  Title
Apelin/APJ signaling is a critical regulator of statin effects in vascular endothelial cells--brief report.
  Journal
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 32:2640-3 (2012)
DOI:10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.300317
Reference
PMID:22028387
  Authors
Pchejetski D, Foussal C, Alfarano C, Lairez O, Calise D, Guilbeau-Frugier C, Schaak S, Seguelas MH, Wanecq E, Valet P, Parini A, Kunduzova O
  Title
Apelin prevents cardiac fibroblast activation and collagen production through inhibition of sphingosine kinase 1.
  Journal
Eur Heart J 33:2360-9 (2012)
DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr389
Reference
PMID:26944568
  Authors
Huang S, Chen L, Lu L, Li L
  Title
The apelin-APJ axis: A novel potential therapeutic target for organ fibrosis.
  Journal
Clin Chim Acta 456:81-8 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.cca.2016.02.025
Reference
PMID:19093215
  Authors
Liu G, Han J, Profirovic J, Strekalova E, Voyno-Yasenetskaya TA
  Title
Galpha13 regulates MEF2-dependent gene transcription in endothelial cells: role in angiogenesis.
  Journal
Angiogenesis 12:1-15 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/s10456-008-9123-3
Reference
PMID:23603510
  Authors
Kang Y, Kim J, Anderson JP, Wu J, Gleim SR, Kundu RK, McLean DL, Kim JD, Park H, Jin SW, Hwa J, Quertermous T, Chun HJ
  Title
Apelin-APJ signaling is a critical regulator of endothelial MEF2 activation in cardiovascular development.
  Journal
Circ Res 113:22-31 (2013)
DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.301324
Reference
PMID:25164121
  Authors
Wang LY, Diao ZL, Zhang DL, Zheng JF, Zhang QD, Ding JX, Liu WH
  Title
The regulatory peptide apelin: a novel inhibitor of renal interstitial fibrosis.
  Journal
Amino Acids 46:2693-704 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s00726-014-1826-8
Reference
PMID:26756969
  Authors
Zhou Y, Deng L, Zhao D, Chen L, Yao Z, Guo X, Liu X, Lv L, Leng B, Xu W, Qiao G, Shan H
  Title
MicroRNA-503 promotes angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrosis by targeting Apelin-13.
  Journal
J Cell Mol Med 20:495-505 (2016)
DOI:10.1111/jcmm.12754
Reference
PMID:27825851
  Authors
Zhong JC, Zhang ZZ, Wang W, McKinnie SM, Vederas JC, Oudit GY
  Title
Targeting the apelin pathway as a novel therapeutic approach for cardiovascular diseases.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1863:1942-1950 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.007
Related
pathway
apla04010  MAPK signaling pathway
apla04020  Calcium signaling pathway
apla04140  Autophagy - animal
apla04150  mTOR signaling pathway
apla04270  Vascular smooth muscle contraction
apla04530  Tight junction
KO pathway
ko04371   
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