KEGG   PATHWAY: axn00480
Entry
axn00480                    Pathway                                
Name
Glutathione metabolism - Achromobacter xylosoxidans NBRC 15126 = ATCC 27061
Class
Metabolism; Metabolism of other amino acids
Pathway map
axn00480  Glutathione metabolism
axn00480

Module
axn_M00118  Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:axn00480]
Other DBs
GO: 0006749
Organism
Achromobacter xylosoxidans NBRC 15126 = ATCC 27061 [GN:axn]
Gene
AX27061_4890  Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase [KO:K00681] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13]
AX27061_5362  Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase [KO:K00681] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13]
AX27061_4538  Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase [KO:K00681] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13]
AX27061_2386  Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase [KO:K00681] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13]
AX27061_0789  Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase [KO:K00681] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13]
AX27061_0935  Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase [KO:K00681] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13]
AX27061_1366  Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase [KO:K00681] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13]
AX27061_0834  Cation transport protein chaC [KO:K07232] [EC:4.3.2.7]
AX27061_0953  Cation transport protein chaC [KO:K07232] [EC:4.3.2.7]
AX27061_2686  5-oxoprolinase [KO:K01469] [EC:3.5.2.9]
AX27061_0488  Lactam utilization protein LamB [KO:K07160] [EC:3.5.2.9]
AX27061_0213  Lactam utilization protein LamB [KO:K07160] [EC:3.5.2.9]
AX27061_5714  Putative cytoplasmic protein [KO:K06048] [EC:6.3.2.2 6.3.-.-]
AX27061_0469  Glutamate--cysteine ligase [KO:K01919] [EC:6.3.2.2]
AX27061_2078  Glutathione synthetase [KO:K01920] [EC:6.3.2.3]
AX27061_1480  Cytosol aminopeptidase PepA [KO:K01255] [EC:3.4.11.1]
AX27061_1786  Membrane alanine aminopeptidase N [KO:K01256] [EC:3.4.11.2]
AX27061_3299  putative glutathione S-transferase-like protein [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AX27061_4128  glutathione S-transferase-like protein [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AX27061_4140  Glutathione S-transferase [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AX27061_3386  Glutathione S-transferase [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AX27061_4908  Glutathione S-transferase [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AX27061_2921  Glutathione S-transferase [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AX27061_2929  glutathione S-transferase [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AX27061_4694  Glutathione S-transferase [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AX27061_3246  Glutathione S-transferase [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AX27061_1803  Glutathione S-transferase family protein [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AX27061_2171  Glutathione S-transferase [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AX27061_2771  Glutathione S-transferase [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AX27061_5961  Glutathione S-transferase [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AX27061_5503  putative glutathione S-transferase-like protein [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AX27061_3978  putative glutathione S-transferase-like protein [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AX27061_4913  putative glutathione S-transferase [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AX27061_2189  Glutathione reductase [KO:K00383] [EC:1.8.1.7]
AX27061_2985  Isocitrate dehydrogenase [KO:K00031] [EC:1.1.1.42]
AX27061_1226  Isocitrate dehydrogenase [KO:K00031] [EC:1.1.1.42]
AX27061_2543  Glutathione peroxidase [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
AX27061_2651  putative glutaredoxin [KO:K24136] [EC:1.11.1.27]
AX27061_4977  Peroxiredoxin [KO:K24138] [EC:1.11.1.25 1.11.1.27]
AX27061_4621  Spermidine synthase [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
AX27061_0260  Spermidine synthase-like protein [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
AX27061_3674  Spermidine synthase [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
Compound
C00005  NADPH
C00006  NADP+
C00024  Acetyl-CoA
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00037  Glycine
C00051  Glutathione
C00072  Ascorbate
C00077  L-Ornithine
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00127  Glutathione disulfide
C00134  Putrescine
C00151  L-Amino acid
C00315  Spermidine
C00669  gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine
C00750  Spermine
C01322  RX
C01419  Cys-Gly
C01672  Cadaverine
C01879  5-Oxoproline
C02090  Trypanothione
C02320  R-S-Glutathione
C03170  Trypanothione disulfide
C03646  Bis-gamma-glutamylcystine
C03740  (5-L-Glutamyl)-L-amino acid
C05422  Dehydroascorbate
C05726  S-Substituted L-cysteine
C05727  S-Substituted N-acetyl-L-cysteine
C05729  R-S-Cysteinylglycine
C05730  Glutathionylspermidine
C16562  Glutathionylspermine
C16563  Bis(glutathionyl)spermine
C16564  Bis(glutathionyl)spermine disulfide
C16565  Aminopropylcadaverine
C16566  Glutathionylaminopropylcadaverine
C16567  Homotrypanothione
C16568  Homotrypanothione disulfide
C16663  Tryparedoxin
C16664  Tryparedoxin disulfide
Reference
  Authors
Josch C, Klotz LO, Sies H.
  Title
Identification of cytosolic leucyl aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.1) as the major cysteinylglycine-hydrolysing activity in rat liver.
  Journal
Biol Chem 384:213-8 (2003)
DOI:10.1515/BC.2003.023
Reference
  Authors
Chu L, Lai Y, Xu X, Eddy S, Yang S, Song L, Kolodrubetz D.
  Title
A 52-kDa leucyl aminopeptidase from treponema denticola is a cysteinylglycinase that mediates the second step of glutathione metabolism.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 283:19351-8 (2008)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M801034200
Reference
  Authors
Cappiello M, Lazzarotti A, Buono F, Scaloni A, D'Ambrosio C, Amodeo P, Mendez BL, Pelosi P, Del Corso A, Mura U.
  Title
New role for leucyl aminopeptidase in glutathione turnover.
  Journal
Biochem J 378:35-44 (2004)
DOI:10.1042/BJ20031336
Reference
  Authors
Suzuki H, Kamatani S, Kim ES, Kumagai H.
  Title
Aminopeptidases A, B, and N and dipeptidase D are the four cysteinylglycinases of Escherichia coli K-12.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 183:1489-90 (2001)
DOI:10.1128/JB.183.4.1489-1490.2001
Reference
  Authors
Oza SL, Shaw MP, Wyllie S, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Trypanothione biosynthesis in Leishmania major.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 139:107-16 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2004.10.004
Reference
  Authors
Oza SL, Ariyanayagam MR, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Characterization of recombinant glutathionylspermidine synthetase/amidase from Crithidia fasciculata.
  Journal
Biochem J 364:679-86 (2002)
DOI:10.1042/BJ20011370
Reference
PMID:9677355
  Authors
Tetaud E, Manai F, Barrett MP, Nadeau K, Walsh CT, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Cloning and characterization of the two enzymes responsible for trypanothione biosynthesis in Crithidia fasciculata.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 273:19383-90 (1998)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.273.31.19383
Reference
  Authors
Ariyanayagam MR, Oza SL, Mehlert A, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Bis(glutathionyl)spermine and other novel trypanothione analogues in Trypanosoma cruzi.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 278:27612-9 (2003)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M302750200
Reference
  Authors
Oza SL, Ariyanayagam MR, Aitcheson N, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Properties of trypanothione synthetase from Trypanosoma brucei.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 131:25-33 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-6851(03)00176-2
Reference
  Authors
Oza SL, Tetaud E, Ariyanayagam MR, Warnon SS, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
A single enzyme catalyses formation of Trypanothione from glutathione and spermidine in Trypanosoma cruzi.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 277:35853-61 (2002)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M204403200
Reference
  Authors
Comini M, Menge U, Wissing J, Flohe L.
  Title
Trypanothione synthesis in crithidia revisited.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 280:6850-60 (2005)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M404486200
Reference
PMID:7813456
  Authors
Hunter KJ, Le Quesne SA, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Identification and biosynthesis of N1,N9-bis(glutathionyl)aminopropylcadaverine (homotrypanothione) in Trypanosoma cruzi.
  Journal
Eur J Biochem 226:1019-27 (1994)
DOI:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.t01-1-01019.x
Reference
  Authors
Krauth-Siegel RL, Meiering SK, Schmidt H.
  Title
The parasite-specific trypanothione metabolism of trypanosoma and leishmania.
  Journal
Biol Chem 384:539-49 (2003)
DOI:10.1515/BC.2003.062
Reference
  Authors
Krauth-Siegel RL, Comini MA.
  Title
Redox control in trypanosomatids, parasitic protozoa with trypanothione-based thiol metabolism.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1780:1236-48 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.03.006
Reference
PMID:8892297
  Authors
Krauth-Siegel RL, Ludemann H.
  Title
Reduction of dehydroascorbate by trypanothione.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 80:203-8 (1996)
DOI:10.1016/0166-6851(96)02689-8
Reference
  Authors
Dormeyer M, Reckenfelderbaumer N, Ludemann H, Krauth-Siegel RL.
  Title
Trypanothione-dependent synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides by Trypanosoma brucei ribonucleotide reductase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 276:10602-6 (2001)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M010352200
Reference
  Authors
Schmidt H, Krauth-Siegel RL.
  Title
Functional and physicochemical characterization of the thioredoxin system in Trypanosoma brucei.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 278:46329-36 (2003)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M305338200
Reference
PMID:9851611
  Authors
Tetaud E, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Cloning, expression and reconstitution of the trypanothione-dependent peroxidase system of Crithidia fasciculata.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 96:111-23 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-6851(98)00120-0
Reference
  Authors
Castro H, Sousa C, Santos M, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Flohe L, Tomas AM.
  Title
Complementary antioxidant defense by cytoplasmic and mitochondrial peroxiredoxins in Leishmania infantum.
  Journal
Free Radic Biol Med 33:1552-62 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0891-5849(02)01089-4
Reference
  Authors
Wilkinson SR, Temperton NJ, Mondragon A, Kelly JM.
  Title
Distinct mitochondrial and cytosolic enzymes mediate trypanothione-dependent peroxide metabolism in Trypanosoma cruzi.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 275:8220-5 (2000)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.275.11.8220
Reference
  Authors
Konig J, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
A comparative study of type I and type II tryparedoxin peroxidases in Leishmania major.
  Journal
FEBS J 274:5643-58 (2007)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06087.x
Reference
  Authors
Hillebrand H, Schmidt A, Krauth-Siegel RL.
  Title
A second class of peroxidases linked to the trypanothione metabolism.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 278:6809-15 (2003)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M210392200
Reference
  Authors
Soksawatmaekhin W, Kuraishi A, Sakata K, Kashiwagi K, Igarashi K.
  Title
Excretion and uptake of cadaverine by CadB and its physiological functions in Escherichia coli.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 51:1401-12 (2004)
DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03913.x
Reference
PMID:6798961
  Authors
Pegg AE, Shuttleworth K, Hibasami H.
  Title
Specificity of mammalian spermidine synthase and spermine synthase.
  Journal
Biochem J 197:315-20 (1981)
DOI:10.1042/bj1970315
Related
pathway
axn00220  Arginine biosynthesis
axn00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
axn00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
axn00430  Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism
axn00460  Cyanoamino acid metabolism
KO pathway
ko00480   
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