KEGG   PATHWAY: azl00260
Entry
azl00260                    Pathway                                
Name
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism - Azospirillum sp. B510
Description
Serine is derived from 3-phospho-D-glycerate, an intermediate of glycolysis [MD:M00020], and glycine is derived from serine. Threonine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, threonine is derived from aspartate [MD:M00018].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
azl00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
azl00260

Module
azl_M00018  Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:azl00260]
azl_M00020  Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:azl00260]
azl_M00555  Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:azl00260]
azl_M00621  Glycine cleavage system [PATH:azl00260]
azl_M00975  Betaine degradation, bacteria, betaine => pyruvate [PATH:azl00260]
Other DBs
GO: 0006544 0006563 0070178 0006566
Organism
Azospirillum sp. B510 [GN:azl]
Gene
AZL_001140  lysC; aspartate kinase [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]
AZL_014220  asd; aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K00133] [EC:1.2.1.11]
AZL_023980  asd; aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K00133] [EC:1.2.1.11]
AZL_010930  thrA; homoserine dehydrogenase [KO:K00003] [EC:1.1.1.3]
AZL_015370  thrB; homoserine kinase type II [KO:K02204] [EC:2.7.1.39]
AZL_003130  phosphoserine phosphatase [KO:K02203] [EC:3.1.3.3 2.7.1.39]
AZL_a00770  thrC; threonine synthase [KO:K01733] [EC:4.2.3.1]
AZL_b02460  thrC; threonine synthase [KO:K01733] [EC:4.2.3.1]
AZL_009530  thrC; threonine synthase [KO:K01733] [EC:4.2.3.1]
AZL_d04570  ltaA; threonine aldolase [KO:K01620] [EC:4.1.2.48]
AZL_a05960  glyA; glycine hydroxymethyltransferase [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
AZL_c01670  glyA; glycine hydroxymethyltransferase [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
AZL_010090  glyA; glycine hydroxymethyltransferase [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
AZL_c03180  putative dehydrogenase [KO:K12972] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]
AZL_026040  glyoxylate reductase (NADP+) [KO:K12972] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]
AZL_a08400  glxK; glycerate kinase [KO:K00865] [EC:2.7.1.165]
AZL_a06650  gpm; phosphoglycerate mutase [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
AZL_023340  gpm; phosphoglycerate mutase [KO:K15633] [EC:5.4.2.12]
AZL_010500  serA; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
AZL_a09310  serA; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
AZL_c00880  serC; phosphoserine aminotransferase [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
AZL_021770  serB; phosphoserine phosphatase [KO:K01079] [EC:3.1.3.3]
AZL_003210  alaS; 5-aminolevulinate synthase [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
AZL_b03560  monoamine oxidase [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
AZL_015860  gcvPA; glycine dehydrogenase subunit 1 [KO:K00282] [EC:1.4.4.2]
AZL_015850  gcvPB; glycine dehydrogenase subunit 2 [KO:K00283] [EC:1.4.4.2]
AZL_015880  gcvT; aminomethyltransferase [KO:K00605] [EC:2.1.2.10]
AZL_015170  pdhD; dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
AZL_025020  pdhD; dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
AZL_015870  gcvH; glycine cleavage system H protein [KO:K02437]
AZL_021060  pssA; phosphatidylserine synthase [KO:K17103] [EC:2.7.8.8]
AZL_018070  betA; choline dehydrogenase [KO:K00108] [EC:1.1.99.1]
AZL_018080  betB; betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K00130] [EC:1.2.1.8]
AZL_a11090  aldehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K00130] [EC:1.2.1.8]
AZL_c01760  iron-sulfur cluster-binding protein [KO:K00479] [EC:1.14.13.251]
AZL_c01770  ferredoxin:oxidoreductase FAD/NAD(P)-binding:oxidoreductase FAD-binding region protein [KO:K21832] [EC:1.14.13.251]
AZL_c01790  flavin oxidoreductase/NADH oxidase [KO:K21833] [EC:1.5.7.3]
AZL_c01800  hypothetical protein [KO:K21834]
AZL_c01810  etfA; electron transfer flavoprotein, alpha subunit [KO:K25960]
AZL_c01820  etfB; electron transfer flavoprotein beta subunit [KO:K25961]
AZL_c01690  soxA; sarcosine oxidase, subunit alpha [KO:K00302] [EC:1.5.3.24 1.5.3.1]
AZL_c01710  soxB; sarcosine oxidase, subunit beta [KO:K00303] [EC:1.5.3.24 1.5.3.1]
AZL_c01680  soxG; sarcosine oxidase, subunit gamma [KO:K00305] [EC:1.5.3.24 1.5.3.1]
AZL_c01700  soxD; sarcosine oxidase, subunit delta [KO:K00304] [EC:1.5.3.24 1.5.3.1]
AZL_c01660  sdaA; L-serine dehydratase [KO:K01752] [EC:4.3.1.17]
AZL_b04050  sdaA; L-serine dehydratase [KO:K01752] [EC:4.3.1.17]
AZL_013420  tdcB; threonine dehydratase [KO:K01754] [EC:4.3.1.19]
AZL_b03420  tdcB; threonine dehydratase [KO:K01754] [EC:4.3.1.19]
AZL_c02390  tdcB; threonine dehydratase [KO:K01754] [EC:4.3.1.19]
AZL_027070  trpA; tryptophan synthase alpha chain [KO:K01695] [EC:4.2.1.20]
AZL_027080  trpB; tryptophan synthase beta chain [KO:K01696] [EC:4.2.1.20]
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00022  Pyruvate
C00037  Glycine
C00048  Glyoxylate
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00065  L-Serine
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00101  Tetrahydrofolate
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00114  Choline
C00143  5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
C00168  Hydroxypyruvate
C00188  L-Threonine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00213  Sarcosine
C00258  D-Glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00300  Creatine
C00430  5-Aminolevulinate
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00546  Methylglyoxal
C00576  Betaine aldehyde
C00581  Guanidinoacetate
C00631  2-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00719  Betaine
C00740  D-Serine
C00986  1,3-Diaminopropane
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01026  N,N-Dimethylglycine
C01102  O-Phospho-L-homoserine
C01242  [Protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine
C01888  Aminoacetone
C02051  Lipoylprotein
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02737  Phosphatidylserine
C02972  Dihydrolipoylprotein
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03194  (R)-1-Aminopropan-2-ol
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03283  L-2,4-Diaminobutanoate
C03508  L-2-Amino-3-oxobutanoic acid
C05519  L-Allothreonine
C06231  Ectoine
C06442  N(gamma)-Acetyldiaminobutyrate
C16432  5-Hydroxyectoine
C19929  N(alpha)-Acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
PMID:11823218
  Authors
Kuhlmann AU, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically regulated synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in Bacillus pasteurii and related Bacillus spp.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 68:772-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.68.2.772-783.2002
Reference
PMID:10473374
  Authors
Canovas D, Borges N, Vargas C, Ventosa A, Nieto JJ, Santos H.
  Title
Role of Ngamma-acetyldiaminobutyrate as an enzyme stabilizer and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydroxyectoine.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3774-9 (1999)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.65.9.3774-3779.1999
Reference
PMID:17636255
  Authors
Bursy J, Pierik AJ, Pica N, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically induced synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved ectoine hydroxylase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 282:31147-55 (2007)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M704023200
Reference
PMID:16707670
  Authors
Garcia-Estepa R, Argandona M, Reina-Bueno M, Capote N, Iglesias-Guerra F, Nieto JJ, Vargas C.
  Title
The ectD gene, which is involved in the synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine, is essential for thermoprotection of the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 188:3774-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1128/JB.00136-06
Reference
PMID:15470257
  Authors
Arevalo-Rodriguez M, Pan X, Boeke JD, Heitman J
  Title
FKBP12 controls aspartate pathway flux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to prevent toxic intermediate accumulation.
  Journal
Eukaryot Cell 3:1287-96 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/EC.3.5.1287-1296.2004
Reference
PMID:7639721
  Authors
Rees WD, Hay SM
  Title
The biosynthesis of threonine by mammalian cells: expression of a complete bacterial biosynthetic pathway in an animal cell.
  Journal
Biochem J 309 ( Pt 3):999-1007 (1995)
DOI:10.1042/bj3090999
Reference
PMID:11341914
  Authors
Jacques SL, Nieman C, Bareich D, Broadhead G, Kinach R, Honek JF, Wright GD
  Title
Characterization of yeast homoserine dehydrogenase, an antifungal target: the invariant histidine 309 is important for enzyme integrity.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1544:28-41 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00203-X
Reference
PMID:15520012
  Authors
Chen X, Jhee KH, Kruger WD
  Title
Production of the neuromodulator H2S by cystathionine beta-synthase via the condensation of cysteine and homocysteine.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 279:52082-6 (2004)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.C400481200
Related
pathway
azl00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
azl00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
azl00230  Purine metabolism
azl00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
azl00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
azl00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
azl00300  Lysine biosynthesis
azl00330  Arginine and proline metabolism
azl00460  Cyanoamino acid metabolism
azl00470  D-Amino acid metabolism
azl00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
azl00620  Pyruvate metabolism
azl00630  Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
azl00640  Propanoate metabolism
azl00680  Methane metabolism
azl00860  Porphyrin metabolism
azl00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO pathway
ko00260   
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