KEGG   PATHWAY: ced02020
Entry
ced02020                    Pathway                                
Name
Two-component system - Dickeya fangzhongdai ND14b
Description
Two-component signal transduction systems enable bacteria to sense, respond, and adapt to changes in their environment or in their intracellular state. Each two-component system consists of a sensor protein-histidine kinase (HK) and a response regulator (RR). In the prototypical two-component pathway, the sensor HK phosphorylates its own conserved His residue in response to a signal(s) in the environment. Subsequently, the phosphoryl group of HK is transferred onto a specific Asp residue on the RR. The activated RR can then effect changes in cellular physiology, often by regulating gene expression. Two-component pathways thus often enable cells to sense and respond to stimuli by inducing changes in transcription.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
Pathway map
ced02020  Two-component system
ced02020

Other DBs
GO: 0000160
Organism
Dickeya fangzhongdai ND14b [GN:ced]
Gene
LH89_06885  phoR; phosphate regulon sensor protein [KO:K07636] [EC:2.7.13.3]
LH89_06890  transcriptional regulator PhoB [KO:K07657]
LH89_13555  alkaline phosphatase [KO:K01077] [EC:3.1.3.1]
LH89_06880  phosphate ABC transporter substrate-binding protein [KO:K02040]
LH89_12410  phosphate ABC transporter substrate-binding protein [KO:K02040]
LH89_00685  sensor protein PhoQ [KO:K07637] [EC:2.7.13.3]
LH89_00690  transcriptional regulator [KO:K07660]
LH89_14310  envZ; osmolarity sensor protein [KO:K07638] [EC:2.7.13.3]
LH89_14305  ompR; osmolarity response regulator [KO:K07659]
LH89_21330  porin [KO:K09476]
LH89_21335  porin [KO:K09476]
LH89_13450  cpxA; two-component sensor protein [KO:K07640] [EC:2.7.13.3]
LH89_13455  transcriptional regulator [KO:K07662]
LH89_09400  modulator protein [KO:K25864]
LH89_22125  sensor protein RstB [KO:K07639] [EC:2.7.13.3]
LH89_22130  transcriptional regulator [KO:K07661]
LH89_18210  serine endoprotease [KO:K04771] [EC:3.4.21.107]
LH89_18800  histidine kinase [KO:K07642] [EC:2.7.13.3]
LH89_18795  transcriptional regulator [KO:K07664]
LH89_18820  multidrug transporter [KO:K07799]
LH89_18815  multidrug transporter [KO:K07788]
LH89_18810  multidrug transporter [KO:K07789]
LH89_18805  transporter [KO:K18326]
LH89_14585  sensor protein BasS/PmrB [KO:K07643] [EC:2.7.13.3]
LH89_14590  XRE family transcriptional regulator [KO:K07771]
LH89_12345  UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose-oxoglutarate aminotransferase [KO:K07806] [EC:2.6.1.87]
LH89_08825  histidine kinase [KO:K07644] [EC:2.7.13.3]
LH89_11025  histidine kinase [KO:K07644] [EC:2.7.13.3]
LH89_08830  transcriptional regulator [KO:K07665]
LH89_11030  transcriptional regulator [KO:K07665]
LH89_05725  cobalt transporter [KO:K07810]
LH89_05735  cobalt transporter [KO:K07798]
LH89_05740  cation transporter [KO:K07787]
LH89_12655  sensor protein QseC [KO:K07645] [EC:2.7.13.3]
LH89_12660  transcriptional regulator [KO:K07666]
LH89_20675  transcriptional regulator [KO:K02403]
LH89_20680  transcriptional regulator [KO:K02402]
LH89_20905  flagellin [KO:K02406]
LH89_20935  fliA; flagellar biosynthesis sigma factor [KO:K02405]
LH89_20685  flagellar motor protein MotA [KO:K02556]
LH89_05945  sensor protein KdpD [KO:K07646] [EC:2.7.13.3]
LH89_05950  transcriptional regulator [KO:K07667]
LH89_05930  potassium-transporting ATPase subunit A [KO:K01546]
LH89_05935  potassium-transporting ATPase subunit B [KO:K01547] [EC:7.2.2.6]
LH89_05940  potassium-transporting ATPase subunit C [KO:K01548]
LH89_05925  ATPase [KO:K01545]
LH89_10550  aerobic respiration control sensor protein ArcB [KO:K07648] [EC:2.7.13.3]
LH89_15670  TorR family transcriptional regulator [KO:K07773]
LH89_19630  histidine kinase [KO:K07649] [EC:2.7.13.3]
LH89_19625  transcriptional regulator [KO:K07774]
LH89_19610  tripartite tricarboxylate transporter TctA [KO:K07793]
LH89_19615  membrane protein [KO:K07794]
LH89_19620  tricarboxylic transport membrane protein [KO:K07795]
LH89_12250  dnaA; chromosomal replication initiation protein [KO:K02313]
LH89_11705  alanine-phosphoribitol ligase [KO:K03367] [EC:6.1.1.13]
LH89_11710  alanine-phosphoribitol ligase [KO:K03367] [EC:6.1.1.13]
LH89_17660  AMP-dependent synthetase [KO:K03367] [EC:6.1.1.13]
LH89_17655  cytochrome C552 [KO:K03739]
LH89_17665  cytochrome C550 [KO:K14188] [EC:6.1.1.13]
LH89_17650  DltD [KO:K03740]
LH89_16215  outer membrane receptor protein [KO:K19611]
LH89_19100  histidine kinase [KO:K07700] [EC:2.7.13.3]
LH89_02645  histidine kinase [KO:K07700] [EC:2.7.13.3]
LH89_02650  dpiA; two-component response regulator DpiA [KO:K07702]
LH89_02630  citrate (pro-3S)-lyase [KO:K01910] [EC:6.2.1.22]
LH89_02625  citrate lyase subunit gamma [KO:K01646]
LH89_02620  citrate lyase subunit beta [KO:K01644] [EC:4.1.3.34]
LH89_02615  citrate lyase subunit alpha [KO:K01643] [EC:2.8.3.10]
LH89_02610  apo-citrate lyase phosphoribosyl-dephospho-CoA transferase [KO:K05964] [EC:2.7.7.61]
LH89_02605  2-(5'-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho CoA synthase [KO:K05966] [EC:2.4.2.52]
LH89_13110  histidine kinase [KO:K07701] [EC:2.7.13.3]
LH89_13115  transcriptional regulator [KO:K07703]
LH89_04515  C4-dicarboxylate transporter [KO:K07792]
LH89_03900  malate dehydrogenase [KO:K00027] [EC:1.1.1.38]
LH89_13120  malate permease [KO:K11616]
LH89_00200  nitrate/nitrite sensor protein NarX [KO:K07673] [EC:2.7.13.3]
LH89_00195  transcriptional regulator NarL [KO:K07684]
LH89_00210  narZ; nitrate reductase [KO:K00370] [EC:1.7.5.1 1.7.99.-]
LH89_00215  narH; nitrate reductase [KO:K00371] [EC:1.7.5.1 1.7.99.-]
LH89_00225  narI; nitrate reductase [KO:K00374] [EC:1.7.5.1 1.7.99.-]
LH89_00220  nitrate reductase [KO:K00373]
LH89_19930  formate dehydrogenase [KO:K08348] [EC:1.17.5.3]
LH89_04310  formate dehydrogenase [KO:K08348] [EC:1.17.5.3]
LH89_04305  formate dehydrogenase [KO:K08349]
LH89_04300  formate dehydrogenase [KO:K08350]
LH89_14995  fumarate reductase [KO:K00244] [EC:1.3.5.1]
LH89_14990  fumarate reductase [KO:K00245] [EC:1.3.5.1]
LH89_14985  fumarate reductase [KO:K00246]
LH89_14980  fumarate reductase [KO:K00247]
LH89_09330  regulatory protein UhpC [KO:K07783]
LH89_09335  histidine kinase [KO:K07675] [EC:2.7.13.3]
LH89_09340  transcriptional regulator [KO:K07686]
LH89_09325  uhpT; sugar phosphate antiporter [KO:K07784]
LH89_17220  membrane protein [KO:K06080]
LH89_06435  histidine kinase [KO:K07677] [EC:2.7.13.3]
LH89_06425  tRNA(5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridylate) methyltransferase [KO:K07676] [EC:2.7.13.3]
LH89_06430  transcriptional regulator [KO:K07687]
LH89_17060  histidine kinase [KO:K07678] [EC:2.7.13.3]
LH89_20295  sirA; response regulator [KO:K07689]
LH89_05375  LuxR family transcriptional regulator [KO:K07782]
LH89_17845  carbon storage regulator [KO:K03563]
LH89_18855  Spore coat protein U [KO:K27078]
LH89_18835  hypothetical protein [KO:K27078]
LH89_18850  spore coat protein U [KO:K27078]
LH89_18845  hypothetical protein [KO:K07346]
LH89_18840  hypothetical protein [KO:K07347]
LH89_07295  protein-PII uridylyltransferase [KO:K00990] [EC:2.7.7.59]
LH89_18445  nitrogen regulatory protein P-II 1 [KO:K04751]
LH89_12780  glnL; nitrogen regulation protein NR(II) [KO:K07708] [EC:2.7.13.3]
LH89_12775  glnG; nitrogen regulation protein NR(I) [KO:K07712]
LH89_12785  glnA; glutamine synthetase [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
LH89_15285  ATPase AAA [KO:K02584]
LH89_13215  C4-dicarboxylate transporter [KO:K11103]
LH89_10685  RNA polymerase factor sigma-54 [KO:K03092]
LH89_18430  histidine kinase [KO:K07711] [EC:2.7.13.3]
LH89_18440  response regulator GlrR [KO:K07715]
LH89_19855  hydrogenase 2 small subunit [KO:K06282] [EC:1.12.99.6]
LH89_19870  hydrogenase 2 large subunit [KO:K06281] [EC:1.12.99.6]
LH89_20715  chemotaxis protein CheR [KO:K00575] [EC:2.1.1.80]
LH89_21010  chemotaxis protein [KO:K03406]
LH89_16525  chemotaxis protein [KO:K03406]
LH89_13380  chemotaxis protein [KO:K03406]
LH89_20065  chemotaxis protein [KO:K03406]
LH89_16845  chemotaxis protein [KO:K03406]
LH89_06500  chemotaxis protein [KO:K03406]
LH89_06915  chemotaxis protein [KO:K03406]
LH89_03040  chemotaxis protein [KO:K03406]
LH89_03045  chemotaxis protein [KO:K03406]
LH89_03050  chemotaxis protein [KO:K03406]
LH89_03055  chemotaxis protein [KO:K03406]
LH89_08485  chemotaxis protein [KO:K03406]
LH89_03065  chemotaxis protein [KO:K03406]
LH89_05980  chemotaxis protein [KO:K03406]
LH89_09960  chemotaxis protein [KO:K03406]
LH89_10295  membrane protein [KO:K03406]
LH89_13000  chemotaxis protein [KO:K03406]
LH89_13360  chemotaxis protein [KO:K03406]
LH89_13370  chemotaxis protein [KO:K03406]
LH89_13375  chemotaxis protein [KO:K03406]
LH89_13385  chemotaxis protein [KO:K03406]
LH89_15300  chemotaxis protein [KO:K03406]
LH89_20705  chemotaxis protein [KO:K05874]
LH89_01785  chemotaxis protein [KO:K05874]
LH89_10165  chemotaxis protein [KO:K05874]
LH89_22200  chemotaxis protein [KO:K05874]
LH89_15200  chemotaxis protein [KO:K05874]
LH89_16945  chemotaxis protein [KO:K05874]
LH89_16815  chemotaxis protein [KO:K05874]
LH89_00145  chemotaxis protein [KO:K05875]
LH89_00425  chemotaxis protein [KO:K05875]
LH89_00430  chemotaxis protein [KO:K05875]
LH89_02655  Trg [KO:K05875]
LH89_01250  Trg [KO:K05875]
LH89_22070  chemotaxis protein [KO:K05875]
LH89_11905  chemotaxis protein [KO:K05875]
LH89_15630  chemotaxis protein [KO:K05876]
LH89_20660  chemotaxis protein [KO:K05876]
LH89_09775  chemotaxis protein [KO:K05876]
LH89_22195  aerotaxis receptor Aer [KO:K03776]
LH89_17015  chemotaxis protein [KO:K03776]
LH89_20700  chemotaxis protein CheW [KO:K03408]
LH89_20695  chemotaxis protein CheA [KO:K03407] [EC:2.7.13.3]
LH89_20725  chemotaxis protein CheY [KO:K03413]
LH89_20720  chemotaxis protein [KO:K03412] [EC:3.1.1.61 3.5.1.44]
LH89_04035  chemotaxis protein CheV [KO:K03415]
LH89_06105  artP; arginine transporter ATP-binding subunit [KO:K10004] [EC:7.4.2.1]
LH89_06100  amino acid ABC transporter permease [KO:K10002]
LH89_06095  amino acid ABC transporter permease [KO:K10003]
LH89_06090  amino acid transporter [KO:K10001]
LH89_14490  Crp/Fnr family transcriptional regulator [KO:K10914]
LH89_05835  cytochrome d terminal oxidase subunit 1 [KO:K00425] [EC:7.1.1.7]
LH89_03820  cytochrome D ubiquinol oxidase subunit I [KO:K00425] [EC:7.1.1.7]
LH89_05830  cytochrome d ubiquinol oxidase subunit 2 [KO:K00426] [EC:7.1.1.7]
LH89_03815  ubiquinol oxidase subunit II [KO:K00426] [EC:7.1.1.7]
LH89_08185  hypothetical protein [KO:K12340]
LH89_10485  membrane protein [KO:K12340]
LH89_07650  membrane protein [KO:K12340]
LH89_05605  polysaccharide export protein Wza [KO:K01991]
LH89_05600  protein tyrosine phosphatase [KO:K25307] [EC:3.1.3.48]
LH89_05595  tyrosine protein kinase [KO:K16692] [EC:2.7.10.3]
LH89_13860  UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase [KO:K01791] [EC:5.1.3.14]
LH89_13865  wecC; UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine dehydrogenase [KO:K02472] [EC:1.1.1.336]
LH89_03425  acyl-CoA thioesterase [KO:K01051] [EC:3.1.1.11]
LH89_18450  pectinesterase A [KO:K01051] [EC:3.1.1.11]
LH89_20630  endoglucanase [KO:K01179] [EC:3.2.1.4]
LH89_08675  RNA polymerase sigma factor FecI [KO:K23514]
LH89_15100  RNA polymerase sigma factor [KO:K23514]
LH89_09030  RNA polymerase subunit sigma-24 [KO:K23514]
LH89_09035  iron dicitrate transport regulator FecR [KO:K07165]
LH89_08670  hypothetical protein [KO:K07165]
LH89_15105  sugar ABC transporter substrate-binding protein [KO:K07165]
LH89_20755  flagellar biosynthesis anti-sigma factor FlgM [KO:K02398]
Compound
C00007  Oxygen
C00009  Orthophosphate
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00031  D-Glucose
C00034  Manganese
C00036  Oxaloacetate
C00038  Zinc cation
C00042  Succinate
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00070  Copper
C00088  Nitrite
C00092  D-Glucose 6-phosphate
C00122  Fumarate
C00149  (S)-Malate
C00158  Citrate
C00164  Acetoacetate
C00237  CO
C00238  Potassium cation
C00244  Nitrate
C00282  Hydrogen
C00291  Nickel
C00305  Magnesium cation
C00399  Ubiquinone
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00547  L-Noradrenaline
C00697  Nitrogen
C00788  L-Adrenaline
C00828  Menaquinone
C01019  L-Fucose
C01104  Trimethylamine N-oxide
C01667  Bacitracin
C02084  Tetrathionate
C05757  (3R)-3-Hydroxydodecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein]
C05818  2-Demethylmenaquinone
C06230  Fe-enterobactin
C06689  Vancomycin
C06696  Lead
C11612  Polymyxin B
C11842  N-(3-(S)-Hydroxybutyryl)homoserine lactone
C11849  3-Hydroxy-palmitic acid methyl ester
C12008  Ramoplanin A2
C13768  Colistin sulfate
C14819  Fe3+
C16421  AI-2
C16463  3',5'-Cyclic diGMP
C16640  CAI-1
C16665  12-Methyltetradecanoic acid
C18206  cis-11-Methyl-2-dodecenoic acid
C21220  AIP-1
C21221  CSP
C21241  AIP-2
C21242  AIP-3
C21243  AIP-4
C21245  AgrD1 peptide
D07746  Colistin (INN)
D08401  Polymyxin B (INN)
Reference
  Authors
Yamamoto K, Hirao K, Oshima T, Aiba H, Utsumi R, Ishihama A.
  Title
Functional characterization in vitro of all two-component signal transduction systems from Escherichia coli.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 280:1448-56 (2005)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M410104200
Reference
  Authors
Abdel-Fattah WR, Chen Y, Eldakak A, Hulett FM.
  Title
Bacillus subtilis phosphorylated PhoP: direct activation of the E(sigma)A- and repression of the E(sigma)E-responsive phoB-PS+V promoters during pho response.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 187:5166-78 (2005)
DOI:10.1128/JB.187.15.5166-5178.2005
Reference
  Authors
Navarre WW, Halsey TA, Walthers D, Frye J, McClelland M, Potter JL, Kenney LJ, Gunn JS, Fang FC, Libby SJ.
  Title
Co-regulation of Salmonella enterica genes required for virulence and resistance to antimicrobial peptides by SlyA and PhoP/PhoQ.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 56:492-508 (2005)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04553.x
Reference
  Authors
Cai SJ, Inouye M.
  Title
EnvZ-OmpR interaction and osmoregulation in Escherichia coli.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 277:24155-61 (2002)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M110715200
Reference
  Authors
Batchelor E, Walthers D, Kenney LJ, Goulian M.
  Title
The Escherichia coli CpxA-CpxR envelope stress response system regulates expression of the porins ompF and ompC.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 187:5723-31 (2005)
DOI:10.1128/JB.187.16.5723-5731.2005
Reference
  Authors
Nagakubo S, Nishino K, Hirata T, Yamaguchi A.
  Title
The putative response regulator BaeR stimulates multidrug resistance of Escherichia coli via a novel multidrug exporter system, MdtABC.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 184:4161-7 (2002)
DOI:10.1128/JB.184.15.4161-4167.2002
Reference
  Authors
Hagiwara D, Yamashino T, Mizuno T.
  Title
A Genome-wide view of the Escherichia coli BasS-BasR two-component system implicated in iron-responses.
  Journal
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 68:1758-67 (2004)
DOI:10.1271/bbb.68.1758
Reference
  Authors
Munson GP, Lam DL, Outten FW, O'Halloran TV.
  Title
Identification of a copper-responsive two-component system on the chromosome of Escherichia coli K-12.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 182:5864-71 (2000)
DOI:10.1128/JB.182.20.5864-5871.2000
Reference
  Authors
Sperandio V, Torres AG, Kaper JB.
  Title
Quorum sensing Escherichia coli regulators B and C (QseBC): a novel two-component regulatory system involved in the regulation of flagella and motility by quorum sensing in E. coli.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 43:809-21 (2002)
DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02803.x
Reference
  Authors
Epstein W.
  Title
The roles and regulation of potassium in bacteria.
  Journal
Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol 75:293-320 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0079-6603(03)75008-9
Reference
  Authors
Ansaldi M, Simon G, Lepelletier M, Mejean V.
  Title
The TorR high-affinity binding site plays a key role in both torR autoregulation and torCAD operon expression in Escherichia coli.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 182:961-6 (2000)
DOI:10.1128/JB.182.4.961-966.2000
Reference
  Authors
Malpica R, Franco B, Rodriguez C, Kwon O, Georgellis D.
  Title
Identification of a quinone-sensitive redox switch in the ArcB sensor kinase.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:13318-23 (2004)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0403064101
Reference
PMID:2666399
  Authors
Widenhorn KA, Somers JM, Kay WW.
  Title
Genetic regulation of the tricarboxylate transport operon (tctI) of Salmonella typhimurium.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 171:4436-41 (1989)
DOI:10.1128/JB.171.8.4436-4441.1989
Reference
  Authors
Hyyrylainen HL, Bolhuis A, Darmon E, Muukkonen L, Koski P, Vitikainen M, Sarvas M, Pragai Z, Bron S, van Dijl JM, Kontinen VP.
  Title
A novel two-component regulatory system in Bacillus subtilis for the survival of severe secretion stress.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 41:1159-72 (2001)
DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02576.x
Reference
  Authors
Zhang X, Hulett FM.
  Title
ResD signal transduction regulator of aerobic respiration in Bacillus subtilis: ctaA promoter regulation.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 37:1208-19 (2000)
DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.02076.x
Reference
  Authors
Senadheera MD, Guggenheim B, Spatafora GA, Huang YC, Choi J, Hung DC, Treglown JS, Goodman SD, Ellen RP, Cvitkovitch DG.
  Title
A VicRK signal transduction system in Streptococcus mutans affects gtfBCD, gbpB, and ftf expression, biofilm formation, and genetic competence development.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 187:4064-76 (2005)
DOI:10.1128/JB.187.12.4064-4076.2005
Reference
  Authors
He H, Zahrt TC.
  Title
Identification and characterization of a regulatory sequence recognized by Mycobacterium tuberculosis persistence regulator MprA.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 187:202-12 (2005)
DOI:10.1128/JB.187.1.202-212.2005
Reference
  Authors
Hutchings MI
  Title
Unusual two-component signal transduction pathways in the actinobacteria.
  Journal
Adv Appl Microbiol 61:1-26 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/S0065-2164(06)61001-0
Reference
  Authors
Kramer R
  Title
Osmosensing and osmosignaling in Corynebacterium glutamicum.
  Journal
Amino Acids 37:487-97 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/s00726-009-0271-6
Reference
PMID:7751278
  Authors
Eraso JM, Kaplan S.
  Title
Oxygen-insensitive synthesis of the photosynthetic membranes of Rhodobacter sphaeroides: a mutant histidine kinase.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 177:2695-706 (1995)
DOI:10.1128/JB.177.10.2695-2706.1995
Reference
  Authors
Haydel SE, Dunlap NE, Benjamin WH Jr.
  Title
In vitro evidence of two-component system phosphorylation between the Mycobacterium tuberculosis TrcR/TrcS proteins.
  Journal
Microb Pathog 26:195-206 (1999)
DOI:10.1006/mpat.1998.0265
Reference
  Authors
Quisel JD, Burkholder WF, Grossman AD.
  Title
In vivo effects of sporulation kinases on mutant Spo0A proteins in Bacillus subtilis.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 183:6573-8 (2001)
DOI:10.1128/JB.183.22.6573-6578.2001
Reference
  Authors
Kaspar S, Bott M.
  Title
The sensor kinase CitA (DpiB) of Escherichia coli functions as a high-affinity citrate receptor.
  Journal
Arch Microbiol 177:313-21 (2002)
DOI:10.1007/s00203-001-0393-z
Reference
  Authors
Janausch IG, Garcia-Moreno I, Unden G.
  Title
Function of DcuS from Escherichia coli as a fumarate-stimulated histidine protein kinase in vitro.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 277:39809-14 (2002)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M204482200
Reference
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Related
pathway
ced00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
ced00550  Peptidoglycan biosynthesis
ced00910  Nitrogen metabolism
ced02030  Bacterial chemotaxis
ced02040  Flagellar assembly
ced03070  Bacterial secretion system
KO pathway
ko02020   
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