Entry Name Protein digestion and absorption - Camelus ferus (Wild Bactrian camel)
Description Protein is a dietary component essential for nutritional homeostasis in humans. Normally, ingested protein undergoes a complex series of degradative processes following the action of gastric, pancreatic and small intestinal enzymes. The result of this proteolytic activity is a mixture of amino acids and small peptides. Amino acids (AAs) are transported into the enterocyte (intestinal epithelial cell) by a variety of AA transporters that are specific for cationic (basic) AA, neutral AA, and anionic (acidic) AA. Small peptides are absorbed into enterocytes by the PEPT1 transporter. Inside enterocytes peptides are hydrolyzed, and the resulting amino acids are released together with those absorbed by AA transporters into blood via multiple, basolateral, AA transporters. Hydrolysis-resistant peptides, however, are transported out of the cells by a basolateral peptide transporter that has not been identified molecularly.
Class Organismal Systems; Digestive systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map cfr04974 Protein digestion and absorption
Ortholog table Other DBs Organism Camelus ferus (Wild Bactrian camel) [GN:
cfr ]
Gene 102515667 CTRL; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: chymotrypsin-like protease CTRL-1 [KO:K09632 ] [EC:3.4.21.-]
102516437 SLC15A1; solute carrier family 15 member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K14206 ]
102516053 ATP1A2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 [KO:K01539 ] [EC:7.2.2.13 ]
102516646 ATP1A4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 [KO:K01539 ] [EC:7.2.2.13 ]
102509736 ATP1A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 [KO:K01539 ] [EC:7.2.2.13 ]
102505216 ATP1B1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540 ]
102508164 ATP1B2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 [KO:K01540 ]
102517415 ATP1B3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 [KO:K01540 ]
102514264 KCNN4; intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 [KO:K04945 ]
102519268 KCNK5; potassium channel subfamily K member 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04916 ]
102521488 KCNE3; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 3 [KO:K04897 ]
102508487 KCNQ1; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04926 ]
102521520 SLC38A2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14207 ]
102521832 SLC1A1; excitatory amino acid transporter 3 isoform X2 [KO:K05612 ]
102516056 SLC1A5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: neutral amino acid transporter B(0) [KO:K05616 ]
102509526 SLC6A19; sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT1 isoform X1 [KO:K05334 ]
102507069 SLC3A2; 4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain isoform X1 [KO:K06519 ]
102515890 SLC7A8; large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2 isoform X1 [KO:K13781 ]
102507643 SLC36A1; proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K14209 ]
102518603 SLC36A4; proton-coupled amino acid transporter 4 isoform X1 [KO:K14209 ]
102524448 SLC3A1; neutral and basic amino acid transport protein rBAT isoform X1 [KO:K14210 ]
102520667 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: b(0,+)-type amino acid transporter 1-like [KO:K13868 ]
102524319 COL4A3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-3(IV) chain [KO:K06237 ]
102524585 COL4A4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-4(IV) chain [KO:K06237 ]
102508830 COL4A2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-2(IV) chain [KO:K06237 ]
102505995 COL5A2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-2(V) chain [KO:K19721 ]
102516933 COL5A3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-3(V) chain [KO:K19721 ]
102518086 COL6A5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-5(VI) chain [KO:K06238 ]
102524188 COL15A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(XV) chain [KO:K08135 ]
102517697 COL18A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(XVIII) chain [KO:K06823 ]
102515679 COL19A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(XIX) chain [KO:K24340 ]
102508811 COL23A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(XXIII) chain [KO:K24355 ]
102513091 COL25A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(XXV) chain [KO:K24356 ]
Compound C05996 Branched chain fatty acid
Reference Authors Broer S
Title Amino acid transport across mammalian intestinal and renal epithelia.
Journal Reference Authors Palacin M, Nunes V, Font-Llitjos M, Jimenez-Vidal M, Fort J, Gasol E, Pineda M, Feliubadalo L, Chillaron J, Zorzano A
Title The genetics of heteromeric amino acid transporters.
Journal Reference Authors Goodman BE
Title Insights into digestion and absorption of major nutrients in humans.
Journal Reference Authors Wagner CA, Lang F, Broer S
Title Function and structure of heterodimeric amino acid transporters.
Journal Reference Authors Broer S
Title Apical transporters for neutral amino acids: physiology and pathophysiology.
Journal Reference Authors Wu G
Title Intestinal mucosal amino acid catabolism.
Journal Reference Authors Daniel H
Title Molecular and integrative physiology of intestinal peptide transport.
Journal Reference Authors Rubio-Aliaga I, Daniel H
Title Mammalian peptide transporters as targets for drug delivery.
Journal Reference Authors Bai JP
Title Distribution of brush-border membrane peptidases along the rat intestine.
Journal Reference Authors Guarner F, Malagelada JR
Title Gut flora in health and disease.
Journal Reference Authors Smith EA, Macfarlane GT
Title Dissimilatory amino Acid metabolism in human colonic bacteria.
Journal Reference Authors Schepers E, Glorieux G, Vanholder R
Title The gut: the forgotten organ in uremia?
Journal Reference Authors John H.Cummings
Title The large intestine in nutrition and disease
Journal Institut Danone
Reference Authors Heitzmann D, Warth R
Title Physiology and pathophysiology of potassium channels in gastrointestinal epithelia.
Journal Related cfr00250 Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
KO pathway LinkDB All DBs
