Entry Name Apelin signaling pathway - Lepisosteus oculatus (spotted gar)
Description Apelin is an endogenous peptide capable of binding the apelin receptor (APJ), which was originally described as an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor. Apelin and APJ are widely expressed in various tissues and organ systems. They are implicated in different key physiological processes such as angiogenesis, cardiovascular functions, cell proliferation and energy metabolism regulation. On the other hand, this ligand receptor couple is also involved in several pathologies including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease and cancer.
Class Environmental Information Processing; Signal transductionBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Ortholog table Other DBs Organism Lepisosteus oculatus (spotted gar) [GN:
loc ]
Gene 102690587 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630 ]
102693211 gnai2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630 ]
102698552 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630 ]
102688414 gnb1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
102699060 gnb3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825 ]
102696470 gnb4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538 ]
102686407 gnb5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539 ]
102682571 gng2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826 ]
102693860 gng3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
102693247 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04541 ]
102688800 gng5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
102685563 gng7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
102689583 gng8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544 ]
102693272 gng10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545 ]
102694494 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1-like [KO:K04548 ]
102683202 gngt2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549 ]
102686598 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04634 ]
102682149 plcb4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
102691284 plcb2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
102694604 itpr1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
102696500 itpr3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960 ]
102682260 myl2; myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform [KO:K10351 ]
102699081 phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K21289 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
102689190 pik3cg; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X3 [KO:K21289 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
102696853 pik3r6; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K21290 ]
102697044 pik3r5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 [KO:K21290 ]
102691899 microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C-like isoform X2 [KO:K10435 ]
102692164 map1lc3a; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A isoform X1 [KO:K10435 ]
102686382 map1lc3b; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435 ]
102688739 prkab1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 [KO:K07199 ]
102687363 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2-like isoform X1 [KO:K07199 ]
102683132 prkag3; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3 isoform X2 [KO:K07200 ]
102683649 prkag1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 [KO:K07200 ]
102684542 prkag2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07200 ]
102687278 ppargc1a; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha isoform X4 [KO:K07202 ]
102687288 gna13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 [KO:K04639 ]
102684314 mef2a; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A isoform X7 [KO:K09260 ]
102696550 mef2c; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C isoform X10 [KO:K04454 ]
102689511 smad2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04500 ]
102692333 smad3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 isoform X5 [KO:K23605 ]
102696431 smad4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 [KO:K04501 ]
Compound C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C06124 Sphingosine 1-phosphate
Reference Authors Yang P, Maguire JJ, Davenport AP
Title Apelin, Elabela/Toddler, and biased agonists as novel therapeutic agents in the cardiovascular system.
Journal Reference Authors Andersen CU, Hilberg O, Mellemkjaer S, Nielsen-Kudsk JE, Simonsen U
Title Apelin and pulmonary hypertension.
Journal Reference Authors Chapman NA, Dupre DJ, Rainey JK
Title The apelin receptor: physiology, pathology, cell signalling, and ligand modulation of a peptide-activated class A GPCR.
Journal Reference Authors Japp AG, Newby DE
Title The apelin-APJ system in heart failure: pathophysiologic relevance and therapeutic potential.
Journal Reference Authors Folino A, Montarolo PG, Samaja M, Rastaldo R
Title Effects of apelin on the cardiovascular system.
Journal Reference Authors O'Carroll AM, Lolait SJ, Harris LE, Pope GR
Title The apelin receptor APJ: journey from an orphan to a multifaceted regulator of homeostasis.
Journal Reference Authors Liu QF, Yu HW, You L, Liu MX, Li KY, Tao GZ
Title Apelin-13-induced proliferation and migration induced of rat vascular smooth muscle cells is mediated by the upregulation of Egr-1.
Journal Reference Authors Novakova V, Sandhu GS, Dragomir-Daescu D, Klabusay M
Title Apelinergic system in endothelial cells and its role in angiogenesis in myocardial ischemia.
Journal Reference Authors Castan-Laurell I, Dray C, Attane C, Duparc T, Knauf C, Valet P
Title Apelin, diabetes, and obesity.
Journal Reference Authors Li L, Li L, Xie F, Zhang Z, Guo Y, Tang G, Lv D, Lu Q, Chen L, Li J
Title Jagged-1/Notch3 signaling transduction pathway is involved in apelin-13-induced vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation.
Journal Reference Authors Wu D, He L, Chen L
Title Apelin/APJ system: a promising therapy target for hypertension.
Journal Reference Authors Liu C, Su T, Li F, Li L, Qin X, Pan W, Feng F, Chen F, Liao D, Chen L
Title PI3K/Akt signaling transduction pathway is involved in rat vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation induced by apelin-13.
Journal Reference Authors Xie F, Liu W, Feng F, Li X, He L, Lv D, Qin X, Li L, Li L, Chen L
Title Apelin-13 promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via PI3K-Akt-ERK1/2-p70S6K and PI3K-induced autophagy.
Journal Reference Authors Lu L, Wu D, Li L, Chen L
Title Apelin/APJ system: A bifunctional target for cardiac hypertrophy.
Journal Reference Authors Carmen GY, Victor SM
Title Signalling mechanisms regulating lipolysis.
Journal Reference Authors Hu H, He L, Li L, Chen L
Title Apelin/APJ system as a therapeutic target in diabetes and its complications.
Journal Reference Authors Bertrand C, Valet P, Castan-Laurell I
Title Apelin and energy metabolism.
Journal Reference Authors Yao F, Lv YC, Zhang M, Xie W, Tan YL, Gong D, Cheng HP, Liu D, Li L, Liu XY, Zheng XL, Tang CK
Title Apelin-13 impedes foam cell formation by activating Class III PI3K/Beclin-1-mediated autophagic pathway.
Journal Reference Authors Than A, Cheng Y, Foh LC, Leow MK, Lim SC, Chuah YJ, Kang Y, Chen P
Title Apelin inhibits adipogenesis and lipolysis through distinct molecular pathways.
Journal Reference Authors Yu XH, Tang ZB, Liu LJ, Qian H, Tang SL, Zhang DW, Tian GP, Tang CK
Title Apelin and its receptor APJ in cardiovascular diseases.
Journal Reference Authors Than A, He HL, Chua SH, Xu D, Sun L, Leow MK, Chen P
Title Apelin Enhances Brown Adipogenesis and Browning of White Adipocytes.
Journal Reference Authors Fu J, Li Z, Zhang H, Mao Y, Wang A, Wang X, Zou Z, Zhang X
Title Molecular pathways regulating the formation of brown-like adipocytes in white adipose tissue.
Journal Reference Authors Aharoni-Simon M, Hann-Obercyger M, Pen S, Madar Z, Tirosh O
Title Fatty liver is associated with impaired activity of PPARgamma-coactivator 1alpha (PGC1alpha) and mitochondrial biogenesis in mice.
Journal Reference Authors McLean DL, Kim J, Kang Y, Shi H, Atkins GB, Jain MK, Chun HJ
Title Apelin/APJ signaling is a critical regulator of statin effects in vascular endothelial cells--brief report.
Journal Reference Authors Pchejetski D, Foussal C, Alfarano C, Lairez O, Calise D, Guilbeau-Frugier C, Schaak S, Seguelas MH, Wanecq E, Valet P, Parini A, Kunduzova O
Title Apelin prevents cardiac fibroblast activation and collagen production through inhibition of sphingosine kinase 1.
Journal Reference Authors Huang S, Chen L, Lu L, Li L
Title The apelin-APJ axis: A novel potential therapeutic target for organ fibrosis.
Journal Reference Authors Liu G, Han J, Profirovic J, Strekalova E, Voyno-Yasenetskaya TA
Title Galpha13 regulates MEF2-dependent gene transcription in endothelial cells: role in angiogenesis.
Journal Reference Authors Kang Y, Kim J, Anderson JP, Wu J, Gleim SR, Kundu RK, McLean DL, Kim JD, Park H, Jin SW, Hwa J, Quertermous T, Chun HJ
Title Apelin-APJ signaling is a critical regulator of endothelial MEF2 activation in cardiovascular development.
Journal Reference Authors Wang LY, Diao ZL, Zhang DL, Zheng JF, Zhang QD, Ding JX, Liu WH
Title The regulatory peptide apelin: a novel inhibitor of renal interstitial fibrosis.
Journal Reference Authors Zhou Y, Deng L, Zhao D, Chen L, Yao Z, Guo X, Liu X, Lv L, Leng B, Xu W, Qiao G, Shan H
Title MicroRNA-503 promotes angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrosis by targeting Apelin-13.
Journal Reference Authors Zhong JC, Zhang ZZ, Wang W, McKinnie SM, Vederas JC, Oudit GY
Title Targeting the apelin pathway as a novel therapeutic approach for cardiovascular diseases.
Journal Related loc04270 Vascular smooth muscle contraction
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