KEGG   PATHWAY: mpah04970
Entry
mpah04970                   Pathway                                
Name
Salivary secretion - Mus pahari (shrew mouse)
Description
Saliva has manifold functions in maintaining the integrity of the oral tissues, in protecting teeth from caries, in the tasting and ingestion of food, in speech and in the tolerance of tenures, for example. Salivary secretion occurs in response to stimulation by neurotransmitters released from autonomic nerve endings. There are two secretory pathways: protein exocytosis and fluid secretion. Sympathetic stimulation leads to the activation of adenylate cyclase and accumulation of intracellular cAMP. The elevation of cAMP causes the secretion of proteins such as amylase and mucin. In contrast, parasympathetic stimulation activates phospholipase C and causes the elevation of intracellular Ca2+, which leads to fluid secretion; that is, water and ion transport. Ca2+ also induces amylase secretion, but the amount is smaller than that induced by cAMP.
Class
Organismal Systems; Digestive system
Pathway map
mpah04970  Salivary secretion
mpah04970

Other DBs
GO: 0046541
Organism
Mus pahari (shrew mouse) [GN:mpah]
Gene
110333803  Adrb1; beta-1 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04141]
110333506  Adrb2; beta-2 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04142]
110337061  Adrb3; beta-3 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04143]
110317699  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas isoform X1 [KO:K04632]
110317700  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 [KO:K04632]
110330584  Adcy1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
110328764  Adcy2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
110324646  Adcy3; adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
110325439  Adcy4; adenylate cyclase type 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
110329393  Adcy5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
110334500  Adcy6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X1 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
110337453  Adcy7; adenylate cyclase type 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
110334612  Adcy8; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
110329624  Adcy9; adenylate cyclase type 9 isoform X1 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
110337220  Prkaca; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
110320995  Prkacb; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
110331467  Vamp2; vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 [KO:K13504]
110325784  Adra1a; alpha-1A adrenergic receptor [KO:K04135]
110332008  Adra1b; alpha-1B adrenergic receptor [KO:K04136]
110319271  Adra1d; alpha-1D adrenergic receptor [KO:K04137]
110333959  Chrm3; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 [KO:K04131]
110336980  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
110336671  Plcb3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
110317815  Plcb4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
110318415  Plcb2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
110319646  Plcb1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
110332714  Prkca; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X1 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
110320075  Prkcb; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
110336366  Prkcg; protein kinase C gamma type isoform X1 [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
110317210  Itpr1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
110317251  Itpr2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
110338229  Itpr3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
110319080  Ryr3; ryanodine receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04963]
110328293  Calml4; calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
110334170  Calml3; calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
110334182  calmodulin-4 [KO:K02183]
110336102  Calm2; calmodulin isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
110324261  Calm1; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
110336466  Calm3; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
110312876  Nos1; nitric oxide synthase, brain [KO:K13240] [EC:1.14.13.39]
110327749  Gucy1a2; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
110320296  Gucy1a3; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-3 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
110320110  Gucy1b3; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1 [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
110325783  guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-2 [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
110313055  Prkg1; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07376] [EC:2.7.11.12]
110330505  Prkg2; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 2 [KO:K19477] [EC:2.7.11.12]
110330967  Cd38; ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1 [KO:K01242] [EC:3.2.2.6 2.4.99.20]
110330979  Bst1; ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 2 [KO:K18152] [EC:3.2.2.6 2.4.99.20]
110337548  Best2; bestrophin-2 [KO:K13879]
110334985  aquaporin-5 [KO:K09867]
110322617  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
110337068  Atp1a3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 isoform X1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
110321177  Atp1a4; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
110319913  Atp1a1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
110321497  Atp1b1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540]
110313906  Atp1b4; protein ATP1B4 isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
110331574  Atp1b2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 [KO:K01540]
110327684  Atp1b3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 [KO:K01540]
110327737  Fxyd2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K01538]
110313330  Atp2b3; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
110321647  Atp2b4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 4 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
110326860  Atp2b1; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
110315948  Atp2b2; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
110332959  Slc12a2; solute carrier family 12 member 2 [KO:K10951]
110336634  Kcnn4; intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 [KO:K04945]
110325018  Kcnma1; calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04936]
110315987  Slc4a2; anion exchange protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K13855]
110322856  Slc9a1; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 [KO:K05742]
110316345  Trpv6; transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6 [KO:K04975]
110325328  Muc5ac; mucin-5AC [KO:K13908]
110328040  Muc5b; mucin-5B [KO:K13908]
110320867  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: pancreatic alpha-amylase-like [KO:K01176] [EC:3.2.1.1]
110320868  pancreatic alpha-amylase-like [KO:K01176] [EC:3.2.1.1]
110320987  alpha-amylase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K01176] [EC:3.2.1.1]
110319959  pancreatic alpha-amylase isoform X1 [KO:K01176] [EC:3.2.1.1]
110326399  Dmbt1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 protein [KO:K13912]
110317313  putative DMBT1-like protein [KO:K13912]
110318739  cystatin-C [KO:K13899]
110318027  cystatin-S-like [KO:K13899]
110327012  Lyz; lysozyme C [KO:K13915] [EC:3.2.1.17]
110327109  lysozyme C-like [KO:K13915] [EC:3.2.1.17]
110332497  Lpo; lactoperoxidase isoform X1 [KO:K12550] [EC:1.11.1.7]
110328557  Camp; cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide [KO:K13916]
Compound
C00001  H2O
C00011  CO2
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00288  HCO3-
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00547  L-Noradrenaline
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00698  Cl-
C00942  3',5'-Cyclic GMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
C01353  Carbonic acid
C01996  Acetylcholine
C13050  Cyclic ADP-ribose
Reference
PMID:16799262
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Cho G, Yuan Z, Skowronski MT, Pan Y, Ishida H
  Title
Water channels and zymogen granules in salivary glands.
  Journal
J Pharmacol Sci 100:495-512 (2006)
DOI:10.1254/jphs.CRJ06007X
Reference
PMID:16712780
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Cho G, Yuan Z, Inoue N, Nakae Y
  Title
Aquaporin-5 water channel in lipid rafts of rat parotid glands.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1758:1053-60 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.03.026
Reference
PMID:10682899
  Authors
Ambudkar IS
  Title
Regulation of calcium in salivary gland secretion.
  Journal
Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 11:4-25 (2000)
DOI:10.1177/10454411000110010301
Reference
PMID:10928320
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Ishida H
  Title
Aquaporin water channel in salivary glands.
  Journal
Jpn J Pharmacol 83:95-101 (2000)
DOI:10.1254/jjp.83.95
Reference
PMID:8105741
  Authors
Baum BJ
  Title
Principles of saliva secretion.
  Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci 694:17-23 (1993)
DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18338.x
Reference
PMID:9720759
  Authors
Fujita-Yoshigaki J
  Title
Divergence and convergence in regulated exocytosis: the characteristics of cAMP-dependent enzyme secretion of parotid salivary acinar cells.
  Journal
Cell Signal 10:371-5 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0898-6568(97)00178-2
Reference
PMID:18626068
  Authors
Heitzmann D, Warth R
  Title
Physiology and pathophysiology of potassium channels in gastrointestinal epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 88:1119-82 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00020.2007
Reference
PMID:17157080
  Authors
Proctor GB, Carpenter GH
  Title
Regulation of salivary gland function by autonomic nerves.
  Journal
Auton Neurosci 133:3-18 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.autneu.2006.10.006
Reference
PMID:11936453
  Authors
Turner RJ, Sugiya H
  Title
Understanding salivary fluid and protein secretion.
  Journal
Oral Dis 8:3-11 (2002)
DOI:10.1034/j.1601-0825.2002.10815.x
Reference
PMID:15153696
  Authors
Van Nieuw Amerongen A, Bolscher JG, Veerman EC
  Title
Salivary proteins: protective and diagnostic value in cariology?
  Journal
Caries Res 38:247-53 (2004)
DOI:10.1159/000077762
Reference
PMID:17347411
  Authors
Nakamoto T, Srivastava A, Romanenko VG, Ovitt CE, Perez-Cornejo P, Arreola J, Begenisich T, Melvin JE
  Title
Functional and molecular characterization of the fluid secretion mechanism in human parotid acinar cells.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 292:R2380-90 (2007)
DOI:10.1152/ajpregu.00591.2006
Reference
PMID:15709965
  Authors
Melvin JE, Yule D, Shuttleworth T, Begenisich T
  Title
Regulation of fluid and electrolyte secretion in salivary gland acinar cells.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 67:445-69 (2005)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.67.041703.084745
Reference
PMID:20224180
  Authors
Catalan MA, Nakamoto T, Melvin JE
  Title
The salivary gland fluid secretion mechanism.
  Journal
J Med Invest 56 Suppl:192-6 (2009)
DOI:10.2152/jmi.56.192
Related
pathway
mpah04020  Calcium signaling pathway
mpah04530  Tight junction
mpah04973  Carbohydrate digestion and absorption
KO pathway
ko04970   
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