PATHWAY: oro04714 Help
Entry
Name
Thermogenesis - Odobenus rosmarus divergens (Pacific walrus)
Description
Thermogenesis is essential for warm-blooded animals, ensuring normal cellular and physiological function under conditions of environmental challenge. Thermogenesis in brown and beige adipose tissue is mainly controlled by norepinephrine, which is released from sympathetic nervous system in response to cold or dietary stimuli. The mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is responsible for the process whereby chemical energy is converted into heat in these adipocytes. Activation of these adipocytes leads to an increase in calorie consumption and is expected to improve overweight conditions, providing a potential strategy for treating obesity and its related metabolic disorders.
Class
Organismal Systems; Environmental adaptation
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Odobenus rosmarus divergens (Pacific walrus) [GN:
oro ]
Gene
101364060 GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas isoform X1 [KO:K04632 ]
101383024 CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870 ]
101383806 CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 [KO:K09048 ]
101385783 CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048 ]
101376293 CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X2 [KO:K09048 ]
101381943 CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
101385675 CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048 ]
101384862 CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 [KO:K09047 ]
101370226 UCP1; mitochondrial brown fat uncoupling protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K08769 ]
101379289 SMARCA2; probable global transcription activator SNF2L2 [KO:K11647 ] [EC:5.6.2.-]
101383466 SMARCA4; transcription activator BRG1 isoform X2 [KO:K11647 ] [EC:5.6.2.-]
101375368 SMARCB1; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K11648 ]
101372302 SMARCD2; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 2 [KO:K11650 ]
101386898 SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 3 isoform X1 [KO:K11650 ]
101367574 SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 3-like [KO:K11650 ]
101385991 SMARCD1; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K11650 ]
101365279 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily E member 1-like [KO:K11651 ]
101379696 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily E member 1-like [KO:K11651 ]
101379571 SMARCE1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily E member 1 [KO:K11651 ]
101369830 ARID1B; AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1B [KO:K11653 ]
101373123 ARID1A; AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A isoform X1 [KO:K11653 ]
101370284 PPARG; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma isoform X1 [KO:K08530 ]
101364106 PPARGC1A; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha isoform X1 [KO:K07202 ]
101374034 ATF2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450 ]
101372153 PRKAB1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 [KO:K07199 ]
101383756 PRKAB2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07199 ]
101374600 PRKAG3; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3 [KO:K07200 ]
101364224 PRKAG2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2 isoform X2 [KO:K07200 ]
101369816 PRKAG1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07200 ]
101362094 GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04364 ]
101384799 RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204 ]
101369334 NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03934 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
101367772 NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03935 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
101372668 NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
101378518 NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial [KO:K03937 ]
101368628 NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938 ]
101362780 NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939 ]
101373411 NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03940 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
101376384 NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03941 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
101378216 NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03942 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
101363344 NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03944 ]
101385824 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945 ]
101365928 NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945 ]
101369899 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945 ]
101376415 NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946 ]
105758207 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3-like [KO:K03947 ]
101371724 NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947 ]
101377310 NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 isoform X2 [KO:K03948 ]
101364725 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03949 ]
101364889 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5-like isoform X1 [KO:K03949 ]
101363335 NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03949 ]
101377235 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5-like isoform X1 [KO:K03949 ]
101380078 NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03950 ]
101378881 NDUFA7; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951 ]
101368566 NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952 ]
101376420 NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953 ]
101386581 NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial [KO:K03954 ]
101365566 NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956 ]
101370700 NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 isoform X1 [KO:K11352 ]
101362452 NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353 ]
101371446 NDUFB1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957 ]
105757340 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957 ]
101376585 NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958 ]
101367307 NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959 ]
101368539 NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960 ]
101367535 NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial isoform X3 [KO:K03961 ]
101384656 NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03962 ]
101386359 NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963 ]
101366380 NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03964 ]
101385827 NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 [KO:K03965 ]
101369135 NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966 ]
101368895 NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351 ]
101367374 NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967 ]
101365603 NDUFAF1; complex I intermediate-associated protein 30, mitochondrial [KO:K18159 ]
101378155 NDUFAF3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 3 [KO:K09008 ]
101364323 NDUFAF4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 4 [KO:K18161 ]
101385043 NDUFAF5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 5 isoform X1 [KO:K18162 ] [EC:2.1.1.-]
101367100 NDUFAF6; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) complex I, assembly factor 6 [KO:K18163 ]
101364630 NDUFAF7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] complex I, assembly factor 7 isoform X1 [KO:K18164 ]
101382073 SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial isoform X3 [KO:K00234 ] [EC:1.3.5.1 ]
101380075 SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235 ] [EC:1.3.5.1 ]
101372902 succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00236 ]
101369754 SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00236 ]
101369783 SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00237 ]
101374005 cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial isoform X3 [KO:K00414 ]
101372183 cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00416 ]
101385433 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263 ]
101380146 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial [KO:K02263 ]
101370311 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270 ]
101377905 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02271 ]
101384133 cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein COX11, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02258 ]
101374477 cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein COX16 homolog, mitochondrial [KO:K18182 ]
101362972 mitochondrial inner membrane protein COX18 isoform X2 [KO:K17797 ]
101382264 cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 3 homolog, mitochondrial [KO:K18175 ]
101375602 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 4 homolog, mitochondrial [KO:K18177 ]
101379937 ATP5A1; ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02132 ]
101383079 ATP5C1; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02136 ]
101375723 ATP5D; ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02134 ]
101383114 ATP5O; ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02137 ]
101376811 ATP5F1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127 ]
101384384 ATP5G1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02128 ]
101374909 ATP5G3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128 ]
101363343 ATP5G2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K02128 ]
101366435 ATP5H; ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K02138 ]
101376724 ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial-like isoform X2 [KO:K02138 ]
105758168 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ATP synthase subunit f, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02130 ]
105757055 ATP5J2; ATP synthase subunit f, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02130 ]
101380677 ATP synthase subunit f, mitochondrial-like isoform X1 [KO:K02130 ]
101362603 ATP synthase subunit f, mitochondrial-like isoform X1 [KO:K02130 ]
101378690 ATP5J; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02131 ]
101376507 SLC25A20; mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein [KO:K15109 ]
101367719 SLC25A29; mitochondrial basic amino acids transporter isoform X1 [KO:K15109 ]
Compound
Reference
Authors
Inagaki T, Sakai J, Kajimura S
Title
Transcriptional and epigenetic control of brown and beige adipose cell fate and function.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Harms M, Seale P
Title
Brown and beige fat: development, function and therapeutic potential.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Boon MR, Kooijman S, van Dam AD, Pelgrom LR, Berbee JF, Visseren CA, van Aggele RC, van den Hoek AM, Sips HC, Lombes M, Havekes LM, Tamsma JT, Guigas B, Meijer OC, Jukema JW, Rensen PC
Title
Peripheral cannabinoid 1 receptor blockade activates brown adipose tissue and diminishes dyslipidemia and obesity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Merlin J, Evans BA, Dehvari N, Sato M, Bengtsson T, Hutchinson DS
Title
Could burning fat start with a brite spark? Pharmacological and nutritional ways to promote thermogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
van Dam AD, Kooijman S, Schilperoort M, Rensen PC, Boon MR
Title
Regulation of brown fat by AMP-activated protein kinase.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kooijman S, van den Heuvel JK, Rensen PC
Title
Neuronal Control of Brown Fat Activity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Contreras C, Nogueiras R, Dieguez C, Rahmouni K, Lopez M
Title
Traveling from the hypothalamus to the adipose tissue: The thermogenic pathway.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fruhbeck G, Mendez-Gimenez L, Fernandez-Formoso JA, Fernandez S, Rodriguez A
Title
Regulation of adipocyte lipolysis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tansey JT, Sztalryd C, Hlavin EM, Kimmel AR, Londos C
Title
The central role of perilipin a in lipid metabolism and adipocyte lipolysis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Collins S, Yehuda-Shnaidman E, Wang H
Title
Positive and negative control of Ucp1 gene transcription and the role of beta-adrenergic signaling networks.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Robidoux J, Cao W, Quan H, Daniel KW, Moukdar F, Bai X, Floering LM, Collins S
Title
Selective activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase 3 and p38alpha MAP kinase is essential for cyclic AMP-dependent UCP1 expression in adipocytes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hattori K, Naguro I, Okabe K, Funatsu T, Furutani S, Takeda K, Ichijo H
Title
ASK1 signalling regulates brown and beige adipocyte function.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Abe Y, Rozqie R, Matsumura Y, Kawamura T, Nakaki R, Tsurutani Y, Tanimura-Inagaki K, Shiono A, Magoori K, Nakamura K, Ogi S, Kajimura S, Kimura H, Tanaka T, Fukami K, Osborne TF, Kodama T, Aburatani H, Inagaki T, Sakai J
Title
JMJD1A is a signal-sensing scaffold that regulates acute chromatin dynamics via SWI/SNF association for thermogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Dempersmier J, Sambeat A, Gulyaeva O, Paul SM, Hudak CS, Raposo HF, Kwan HY, Kang C, Wong RH, Sul HS
Title
Cold-inducible Zfp516 activates UCP1 transcription to promote browning of white fat and development of brown fat.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sambeat A, Gulyaeva O, Dempersmier J, Tharp KM, Stahl A, Paul SM, Sul HS
Title
LSD1 Interacts with Zfp516 to Promote UCP1 Transcription and Brown Fat Program.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Villarroya F, Peyrou M, Giralt M
Title
Transcriptional regulation of the uncoupling protein-1 gene.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cao W, Daniel KW, Robidoux J, Puigserver P, Medvedev AV, Bai X, Floering LM, Spiegelman BM, Collins S
Title
p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is the central regulator of cyclic AMP-dependent transcription of the brown fat uncoupling protein 1 gene.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hondares E, Iglesias R, Giralt A, Gonzalez FJ, Giralt M, Mampel T, Villarroya F
Title
Thermogenic activation induces FGF21 expression and release in brown adipose tissue.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yao L, Cui X, Chen Q, Yang X, Fang F, Zhang J, Liu G, Jin W, Chang Y
Title
Cold-Inducible SIRT6 Regulates Thermogenesis of Brown and Beige Fat.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Klingenberg M
Title
UCP1 - A sophisticated energy valve.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bertholet AM, Kirichok Y
Title
UCP1: A transporter for H(+) and fatty acid anions.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Betz MJ, Enerback S
Title
Targeting thermogenesis in brown fat and muscle to treat obesity and metabolic disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tseng YH, Cypess AM, Kahn CR
Title
Cellular bioenergetics as a target for obesity therapy.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fenzl A, Kiefer FW
Title
Brown adipose tissue and thermogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Minard AY, Tan SX, Yang P, Fazakerley DJ, Domanova W, Parker BL, Humphrey SJ, Jothi R, Stockli J, James DE
Title
mTORC1 Is a Major Regulatory Node in the FGF21 Signaling Network in Adipocytes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fisher FM, Kleiner S, Douris N, Fox EC, Mepani RJ, Verdeguer F, Wu J, Kharitonenkov A, Flier JS, Maratos-Flier E, Spiegelman BM
Title
FGF21 regulates PGC-1alpha and browning of white adipose tissues in adaptive thermogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zois NE, Bartels ED, Hunter I, Kousholt BS, Olsen LH, Goetze JP
Title
Natriuretic peptides in cardiometabolic regulation and disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Indiveri C, Iacobazzi V, Tonazzi A, Giangregorio N, Infantino V, Convertini P, Console L, Palmieri F
Title
The mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier: function, structure and physiopathology.
Journal
Reference
Authors
McCoin CS, Knotts TA, Adams SH
Title
Acylcarnitines--old actors auditioning for new roles in metabolic physiology.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ohtomo T, Ino K, Miyashita R, Chigira M, Nakamura M, Someya K, Inaba N, Fujita M, Takagi M, Yamada J
Title
Chronic high-fat feeding impairs adaptive induction of mitochondrial fatty acid combustion-associated proteins in brown adipose tissue of mice.
Journal
Related pathway
oro04923 Regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes
KO pathway
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