KEGG   PATHWAY: ppu00260
Entry
ppu00260                    Pathway                                
Name
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism - Pseudomonas putida KT2440
Description
Serine is derived from 3-phospho-D-glycerate, an intermediate of glycolysis [MD:M00020], and glycine is derived from serine. Threonine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, threonine is derived from aspartate [MD:M00018].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
ppu00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
ppu00260

Module
ppu_M00018  Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:ppu00260]
ppu_M00020  Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:ppu00260]
ppu_M00555  Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:ppu00260]
ppu_M00621  Glycine cleavage system [PATH:ppu00260]
ppu_M00975  Betaine degradation, bacteria, betaine => pyruvate [PATH:ppu00260]
Other DBs
GO: 0006544 0006563 0070178 0006566
Organism
Pseudomonas putida KT2440 [GN:ppu]
Gene
PP_4473  lysC; aspartokinase [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]
PP_1989  asd; Aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K00133] [EC:1.2.1.11]
PP_0664  homoserine dehydrogenase [KO:K00003] [EC:1.1.1.3]
PP_1470  hom; Homoserine dehydrogenase [KO:K00003] [EC:1.1.1.3]
PP_0121  thrB; homoserine kinase [KO:K02204] [EC:2.7.1.39]
PP_1471  thrC; Threonine synthase [KO:K01733] [EC:4.2.3.1]
PP_0662  putative Threonine synthase [KO:K01733] [EC:4.2.3.1]
PP_0321  ltaE; low specificity L-threonine aldolase [KO:K01620] [EC:4.1.2.48]
PP_0671  glyA-II; serine hydroxymethyltransferase [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
PP_0322  glyA-I; serine hydroxymethyltransferase [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
PP_0762  hprA; Glycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00018] [EC:1.1.1.29]
PP_1261  ghrB; 2-ketoaldonate reductase / hydroxypyruvate/glyoxylate reductase [KO:K00090] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81 1.1.1.215]
PP_3178  garK; glycerate kinase [KO:K00865] [EC:2.7.1.165]
PP_4300  ttuD; putative hydroxypyruvate reductase [KO:K11529] [EC:2.7.1.165]
PP_5056  gpmI; 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase [KO:K15633] [EC:5.4.2.12]
PP_5155  serA; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase / alpha-ketoglutarate reductase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
PP_2533  D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family protein [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
PP_1768  serC; phosphoserine aminotransferase [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
PP_4909  serB; phosphoserine phosphatase [KO:K01079] [EC:3.1.3.3]
PP_0488  putative NADP-dependent dehydrogenase HI_1430 [KO:K16066] [EC:1.1.1.381 1.1.1.-]
PP_4983  putative amine oxidase [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
PP_0988  gcvP-I; glycine dehydrogenase [KO:K00281] [EC:1.4.4.2]
PP_5192  gcvP-II; glycine dehydrogenase [KO:K00281] [EC:1.4.4.2]
PP_0986  gcvT-I; aminomethyltransferase [KO:K00605] [EC:2.1.2.10]
PP_5194  gcvT-II; aminomethyltransferase [KO:K00605] [EC:2.1.2.10]
PP_4187  lpdG; dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
PP_5366  lpd; dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
PP_4404  lpdV; dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase component of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
PP_0989  gcvH-I; glycine cleavage system H protein 1 [KO:K02437]
PP_5193  gcvH-II; glycine cleavage system H protein 2 [KO:K02437]
PP_3667  creA; Creatinase [KO:K08688] [EC:3.5.3.3]
PP_3664  pssA; CDP-diacylglycerol--serine O-phosphatidyltransferase [KO:K00998] [EC:2.7.8.8]
PP_0731  pcs; phosphatidylcholine synthase [KO:K17103] [EC:2.7.8.8]
PP_4677  CDP-diacylglycerol--serine O-phosphatidyltransferase [KO:K17103] [EC:2.7.8.8]
PP_5064  betA-II; choline dehydrogenase [KO:K00108] [EC:1.1.99.1]
PP_5063  betB; betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase, NAD-dependent [KO:K00130] [EC:1.2.1.8]
PP_0708  putative Betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K00130] [EC:1.2.1.8]
PP_0315  gbcA; putative glycine-betaine dioxygenase subunit [KO:K00479] [EC:1.14.13.251]
PP_0316  gbcB; putative glycine-betaine dioxygenase subunit [KO:K21832] [EC:1.14.13.251]
PP_0310  dgcA; putative dimethylglycine dehydrogenase subunit [KO:K21833] [EC:1.5.7.3]
PP_0311  dgcB; putative dimethylglycine dehydrogenase subunit [KO:K21834]
PP_0312  electron transfer flavoprotein, alpha subunit [KO:K25960]
PP_0313  putative electron transfer flavoprotein beta subunit [KO:K25961]
PP_3775  putative sarcosine oxidase [KO:K00301] [EC:1.5.3.1]
PP_0325  soxA; sarcosine oxidase subunit alpha [KO:K00302] [EC:1.5.3.24 1.5.3.1]
PP_0323  soxB; sarcosine oxidase subunit beta [KO:K00303] [EC:1.5.3.24 1.5.3.1]
PP_0326  soxG; sarcosine oxidase subunit gamma [KO:K00305] [EC:1.5.3.24 1.5.3.1]
PP_0324  soxD; sarcosine oxidase subunit delta [KO:K00304] [EC:1.5.3.24 1.5.3.1]
PP_4594  putative Cystathionine gamma-synthase [KO:K01758] [EC:4.4.1.1]
PP_0987  tdcG-II; L-serine dehydratase [KO:K01752] [EC:4.3.1.17]
PP_0297  tdcG-I; L-serine dehydratase [KO:K01752] [EC:4.3.1.17]
PP_3144  tdcG-III; L-serine dehydratase [KO:K01752] [EC:4.3.1.17]
PP_5149  ilvA-II; threonine deaminase [KO:K01754] [EC:4.3.1.19]
PP_3191  putative threonine ammonia-lyase / dehydratase [KO:K01754] [EC:4.3.1.19]
PP_4430  putative threonine dehydratase [KO:K01754] [EC:4.3.1.19]
PP_3446  ilvA-I; threonine deaminase [KO:K01754] [EC:4.3.1.19]
PP_2930  putative L-serine dehydratase [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
PP_3722  alr; Alanine racemase [KO:K25317] [EC:5.1.1.10]
PP_0082  trpA; tryptophan synthase alpha chain [KO:K01695] [EC:4.2.1.20]
PP_0083  trpB; tryptophan synthase beta chain [KO:K01696] [EC:4.2.1.20]
PP_4223  pvdH; diaminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate transaminase [KO:K00836] [EC:2.6.1.76]
PP_2800  putative Diaminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate transaminase [KO:K00836] [EC:2.6.1.76]
PP_4432  putative Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase [KO:K15783] [EC:3.5.4.44]
PP_4423  conserved protein of unknown function [KO:K15784] [EC:3.5.1.125]
PP_4421  putative aminotransferase [KO:K15785] [EC:2.6.1.76]
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00022  Pyruvate
C00037  Glycine
C00048  Glyoxylate
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00065  L-Serine
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00101  Tetrahydrofolate
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00114  Choline
C00143  5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
C00168  Hydroxypyruvate
C00188  L-Threonine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00213  Sarcosine
C00258  D-Glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00300  Creatine
C00430  5-Aminolevulinate
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00546  Methylglyoxal
C00576  Betaine aldehyde
C00581  Guanidinoacetate
C00631  2-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00719  Betaine
C00740  D-Serine
C00986  1,3-Diaminopropane
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01026  N,N-Dimethylglycine
C01102  O-Phospho-L-homoserine
C01242  [Protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine
C01888  Aminoacetone
C02051  Lipoylprotein
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02737  Phosphatidylserine
C02972  Dihydrolipoylprotein
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03194  (R)-1-Aminopropan-2-ol
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03283  L-2,4-Diaminobutanoate
C03508  L-2-Amino-3-oxobutanoic acid
C05519  L-Allothreonine
C06231  Ectoine
C06442  N(gamma)-Acetyldiaminobutyrate
C16432  5-Hydroxyectoine
C19929  N(alpha)-Acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
PMID:11823218
  Authors
Kuhlmann AU, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically regulated synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in Bacillus pasteurii and related Bacillus spp.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 68:772-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.68.2.772-783.2002
Reference
PMID:10473374
  Authors
Canovas D, Borges N, Vargas C, Ventosa A, Nieto JJ, Santos H.
  Title
Role of Ngamma-acetyldiaminobutyrate as an enzyme stabilizer and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydroxyectoine.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3774-9 (1999)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.65.9.3774-3779.1999
Reference
PMID:17636255
  Authors
Bursy J, Pierik AJ, Pica N, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically induced synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved ectoine hydroxylase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 282:31147-55 (2007)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M704023200
Reference
PMID:16707670
  Authors
Garcia-Estepa R, Argandona M, Reina-Bueno M, Capote N, Iglesias-Guerra F, Nieto JJ, Vargas C.
  Title
The ectD gene, which is involved in the synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine, is essential for thermoprotection of the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 188:3774-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1128/JB.00136-06
Reference
PMID:15470257
  Authors
Arevalo-Rodriguez M, Pan X, Boeke JD, Heitman J
  Title
FKBP12 controls aspartate pathway flux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to prevent toxic intermediate accumulation.
  Journal
Eukaryot Cell 3:1287-96 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/EC.3.5.1287-1296.2004
Reference
PMID:7639721
  Authors
Rees WD, Hay SM
  Title
The biosynthesis of threonine by mammalian cells: expression of a complete bacterial biosynthetic pathway in an animal cell.
  Journal
Biochem J 309 ( Pt 3):999-1007 (1995)
DOI:10.1042/bj3090999
Reference
PMID:11341914
  Authors
Jacques SL, Nieman C, Bareich D, Broadhead G, Kinach R, Honek JF, Wright GD
  Title
Characterization of yeast homoserine dehydrogenase, an antifungal target: the invariant histidine 309 is important for enzyme integrity.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1544:28-41 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00203-X
Reference
PMID:15520012
  Authors
Chen X, Jhee KH, Kruger WD
  Title
Production of the neuromodulator H2S by cystathionine beta-synthase via the condensation of cysteine and homocysteine.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 279:52082-6 (2004)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.C400481200
Related
pathway
ppu00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
ppu00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
ppu00230  Purine metabolism
ppu00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
ppu00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
ppu00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
ppu00300  Lysine biosynthesis
ppu00330  Arginine and proline metabolism
ppu00460  Cyanoamino acid metabolism
ppu00470  D-Amino acid metabolism
ppu00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
ppu00620  Pyruvate metabolism
ppu00630  Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
ppu00640  Propanoate metabolism
ppu00680  Methane metabolism
ppu00860  Porphyrin metabolism
ppu00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO pathway
ko00260   
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