KEGG   PATHWAY: rbb04974
Entry
rbb04974                    Pathway                                
Name
Protein digestion and absorption - Rhinopithecus bieti (black snub-nosed monkey)
Description
Protein is a dietary component essential for nutritional homeostasis in humans. Normally, ingested protein undergoes a complex series of degradative processes following the action of gastric, pancreatic and small intestinal enzymes. The result of this proteolytic activity is a mixture of amino acids and small peptides. Amino acids (AAs) are transported into the enterocyte (intestinal epithelial cell) by a variety of AA transporters that are specific for cationic (basic) AA, neutral AA, and anionic (acidic) AA. Small peptides are absorbed into enterocytes by the PEPT1 transporter. Inside enterocytes peptides are hydrolyzed, and the resulting amino acids are released together with those absorbed by AA transporters into blood via multiple, basolateral, AA transporters. Hydrolysis-resistant peptides, however, are transported out of the cells by a basolateral peptide transporter that has not been identified molecularly.
Class
Organismal Systems; Digestive system
Pathway map
rbb04974  Protein digestion and absorption
rbb04974

Other DBs
GO: 0044256 0050892
Organism
Rhinopithecus bieti (black snub-nosed monkey) [GN:rbb]
Gene
108528773  pepsin F-like [KO:K06002] [EC:3.4.23.1]
108533622  pepsin A-4 [KO:K06002] [EC:3.4.23.1]
108526176  trypsin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
108541512  trypsin-like isoform X1 [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
108525841  trypsin-2-like [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
108525851  putative trypsin-6 [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
108526177  trypsin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
108526178  putative trypsin-6 isoform X1 [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
108526180  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: putative trypsin-6 [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
108526181  trypsin-2-like isoform X1 [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
108526182  putative trypsin-6 isoform X1 [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
108527423  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: chymotrypsinogen B-like [KO:K01310] [EC:3.4.21.1]
108525819  chymotrypsinogen B2-like [KO:K01310] [EC:3.4.21.1]
108515356  CTRL; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: chymotrypsin-like protease CTRL-1 [KO:K09632] [EC:3.4.21.-]
108524251  chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 2A [KO:K01346] [EC:3.4.21.71]
108515897  chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 2A [KO:K01346] [EC:3.4.21.71]
108538450  chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 3B [KO:K01345] [EC:3.4.21.70]
108531568  CPA1; carboxypeptidase A1 [KO:K08779] [EC:3.4.17.1]
108531579  CPA2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: carboxypeptidase A2 [KO:K01298] [EC:3.4.17.15]
108518295  CPA3; mast cell carboxypeptidase A [KO:K08780] [EC:3.4.17.1]
108518296  CPB1; carboxypeptidase B [KO:K01291] [EC:3.4.17.2]
108528946  CPB2; carboxypeptidase B2 isoform X1 [KO:K01300] [EC:3.4.17.20]
108527214  SLC9A3; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12040]
108521423  SLC15A1; solute carrier family 15 member 1 [KO:K14206]
108528132  ATP1A1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
108524039  ATP1A4; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 isoform X1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
108524041  ATP1A2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
108535342  ATP1B4; protein ATP1B4 [KO:K01540]
108522426  ATP1B3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
108514361  ATP1B2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 [KO:K01540]
108527281  ATP1B1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540]
108536391  FXYD2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K01538]
108538059  KCNN4; intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04945]
108528363  KCNK5; potassium channel subfamily K member 5 [KO:K04916]
108537619  KCNE3; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04897]
108538141  KCNQ1; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 [KO:K04926]
108520099  KCNJ13; inward rectifier potassium channel 13 isoform X1 [KO:K05006]
108518834  SLC38A2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14207]
108512221  MME; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: neprilysin [KO:K01389] [EC:3.4.24.11]
108512427  MEP1A; meprin A subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K01395] [EC:3.4.24.18]
108530921  MEP1B; meprin A subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K08606] [EC:3.4.24.63]
108539696  ACE2; angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 [KO:K09708] [EC:3.4.17.23]
108531646  PRCP; lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase isoform X1 [KO:K01285] [EC:3.4.16.2]
108517716  DPP4; dipeptidyl peptidase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K01278] [EC:3.4.14.5]
108515937  XPNPEP2; xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 2 [KO:K14208] [EC:3.4.11.9]
108514947  SLC1A1; excitatory amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K05612]
108531063  SLC1A5; neutral amino acid transporter B(0) isoform X1 [KO:K05616]
108542784  SLC8A1; sodium/calcium exchanger 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
108520278  SLC8A3; sodium/calcium exchanger 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
108540286  SLC8A2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium/calcium exchanger 2 [KO:K05849]
108513716  SLC6A19; sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT1 [KO:K05334]
108536131  SLC3A2; 4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain isoform X1 [KO:K06519]
108523555  SLC7A8; large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2 isoform X1 [KO:K13781]
108515045  proton-coupled amino acid transporter 4 isoform X1 [KO:K14209]
108532025  proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K14209]
108532028  SLC36A2; proton-coupled amino acid transporter 2 [KO:K14209]
108512059  SLC16A10; monocarboxylate transporter 10 [KO:K08187]
108522487  SLC3A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: neutral and basic amino acid transport protein rBAT [KO:K14210]
108521764  SLC7A9; B(0,+)-type amino acid transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K13868]
108523594  SLC7A7; Y+L amino acid transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K13867]
108516437  COL1A1; collagen alpha-1(I) chain [KO:K06236]
108517180  COL1A2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-2(I) chain [KO:K06236]
108515958  COL2A1; collagen alpha-1(II) chain isoform X1 [KO:K19719]
108524396  COL3A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(III) chain [KO:K19720]
108527057  COL4A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(IV) chain [KO:K06237]
108527058  COL4A2; collagen alpha-2(IV) chain [KO:K06237]
108522717  collagen alpha-6(IV) chain-like [KO:K06237]
108538728  COL4A3; collagen alpha-3(IV) chain [KO:K06237]
108538749  COL4A4; collagen alpha-4(IV) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06237]
108540289  COL11A2; collagen alpha-2(XI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K19721]
108532143  COL27A1; collagen alpha-1(XXVII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K19721]
108513153  COL5A1; collagen alpha-1(V) chain isoform X1 [KO:K19721]
108534571  COL5A3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-3(V) chain [KO:K19721]
108514515  COL24A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(XXIV) chain [KO:K19721]
108522802  COL11A1; collagen alpha-1(XI) chain [KO:K19721]
108524402  COL5A2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-2(V) chain [KO:K19721]
108522239  COL6A5; collagen alpha-5(VI) chain [KO:K06238]
108522246  COL6A6; collagen alpha-6(VI) chain [KO:K06238]
108539763  COL6A2; collagen alpha-2(VI) chain [KO:K06238]
108540980  COL6A3; collagen alpha-3(VI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06238]
108539779  COL6A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(VI) chain [KO:K06238]
108537207  collagen alpha-4(VI) chain-like [KO:K06238]
108526935  COL7A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(VII) chain [KO:K16628]
108542083  COL8A1; collagen alpha-1(VIII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K23455]
108537292  COL8A2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-2(VIII) chain [KO:K23455]
108535286  COL9A3; collagen alpha-3(IX) chain [KO:K08131]
108520396  COL9A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(IX) chain [KO:K08131]
108530403  COL9A2; collagen alpha-2(IX) chain isoform X1 [KO:K08131]
108528207  COL10A1; collagen alpha-1(X) chain [KO:K19479]
108535227  COL12A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(XII) chain [KO:K08132]
108530353  COL13A1; collagen alpha-1(XIII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K16617]
108512300  COL14A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(XIV) chain [KO:K08133]
108539116  COL15A1; collagen alpha-1(XV) chain isoform X1 [KO:K08135]
108518573  COL16A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(XVI) chain [KO:K24339]
108515140  COL17A1; collagen alpha-1(XVII) chain [KO:K07603]
108539765  COL18A1; collagen alpha-1(XVIII) chain [KO:K06823]
108520400  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(XIX) chain-like [KO:K24340]
108535253  COL20A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(XX) chain [KO:K24357]
108542960  COL21A1; collagen alpha-1(XXI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K16629]
108515904  collagen alpha-1(XXII) chain [KO:K16630]
108515805  COL22A1; collagen alpha-1(XXII) chain [KO:K16630]
108544805  COL23A1; collagen alpha-1(XXIII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K24355]
108515457  COL25A1; collagen alpha-1(XXV) chain [KO:K24356]
108518947  COL26A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(XXVI) chain [KO:K24358]
108543420  COL28A1; collagen alpha-1(XXVIII) chain [KO:K23619]
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00033  Acetate
C00037  Glycine
C00041  L-Alanine
C00047  L-Lysine
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00062  L-Arginine
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00065  L-Serine
C00073  L-Methionine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00079  L-Phenylalanine
C00080  H+
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00099  beta-Alanine
C00123  L-Leucine
C00134  Putrescine
C00135  L-Histidine
C00146  Phenol
C00148  L-Proline
C00152  L-Asparagine
C00163  Propanoate
C00183  L-Valine
C00188  L-Threonine
C00238  Potassium cation
C00246  Butanoic acid
C00282  Hydrogen
C00388  Histamine
C00407  L-Isoleucine
C00463  Indole
C00483  Tyramine
C00491  L-Cystine
C01327  Hydrochloric acid
C01330  Sodium cation
C01438  Methane
C01468  4-Cresol
C01672  Cadaverine
C01746  Piperidine
C02632  2-Methylpropanoate
C05996  Branched chain fatty acid
C08262  3-Methylbutanoic acid
C16138  L-Pyrrolysine
C18319  2-Methylbutyrate
Reference
PMID:18195088
  Authors
Broer S
  Title
Amino acid transport across mammalian intestinal and renal epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 88:249-86 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00018.2006
Reference
PMID:15772300
  Authors
Palacin M, Nunes V, Font-Llitjos M, Jimenez-Vidal M, Fort J, Gasol E, Pineda M, Feliubadalo L, Chillaron J, Zorzano A
  Title
The genetics of heteromeric amino acid transporters.
  Journal
Physiology (Bethesda) 20:112-24 (2005)
DOI:10.1152/physiol.00051.2004
Reference
PMID:20522896
  Authors
Goodman BE
  Title
Insights into digestion and absorption of major nutrients in humans.
  Journal
Adv Physiol Educ 34:44-53 (2010)
DOI:10.1152/advan.00094.2009
Reference
PMID:11546643
  Authors
Wagner CA, Lang F, Broer S
  Title
Function and structure of heterodimeric amino acid transporters.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 281:C1077-93 (2001)
DOI:10.1152/ajpcell.2001.281.4.C1077
Reference
PMID:18400692
  Authors
Broer S
  Title
Apical transporters for neutral amino acids: physiology and pathophysiology.
  Journal
Physiology (Bethesda) 23:95-103 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physiol.00045.2007
Reference
PMID:9687539
  Authors
Wu G
  Title
Intestinal mucosal amino acid catabolism.
  Journal
J Nutr 128:1249-52 (1998)
DOI:10.1093/jn/128.8.1249
Reference
PMID:14977407
  Authors
Daniel H
  Title
Molecular and integrative physiology of intestinal peptide transport.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 66:361-84 (2004)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.66.032102.144149
Reference
PMID:12237156
  Authors
Rubio-Aliaga I, Daniel H
  Title
Mammalian peptide transporters as targets for drug delivery.
  Journal
Trends Pharmacol Sci 23:434-40 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0165-6147(02)02072-2
Reference
PMID:7937532
  Authors
Bai JP
  Title
Distribution of brush-border membrane peptidases along the rat intestine.
  Journal
Pharm Res 11:897-900 (1994)
DOI:10.1023/a:1018946228432
Reference
PMID:12583961
  Authors
Guarner F, Malagelada JR
  Title
Gut flora in health and disease.
  Journal
Lancet 361:512-9 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12489-0
Reference
PMID:16887608
  Authors
Smith EA, Macfarlane GT
  Title
Dissimilatory amino Acid metabolism in human colonic bacteria.
  Journal
Anaerobe 3:327-37 (1997)
DOI:10.1006/anae.1997.0121
Reference
PMID:20093818
  Authors
Schepers E, Glorieux G, Vanholder R
  Title
The gut: the forgotten organ in uremia?
  Journal
Blood Purif 29:130-6 (2010)
DOI:10.1159/000245639
Reference
  Authors
John H.Cummings
  Title
The large intestine in nutrition and disease
  Journal
Institut Danone
Reference
PMID:18626068
  Authors
Heitzmann D, Warth R
  Title
Physiology and pathophysiology of potassium channels in gastrointestinal epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 88:1119-82 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00020.2007
Related
pathway
rbb00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
rbb04530  Tight junction
rbb04971  Gastric acid secretion
rbb04972  Pancreatic secretion
KO pathway
ko04974   
LinkDB

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