| Entry |
|
| Name |
Lipoic acid metabolism |
| Class |
Metabolism; Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
|
| Pathway map |

|
| Module |
| M00881 | Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:rn00785] |
| M00882 | Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:rn00785] |
| M00883 | Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:rn00785] |
| M00884 | Lipoic acid biosynthesis, octanoyl-CoA => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:rn00785] |
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| Other DBs |
|
| Reaction |
| R00014 | pyruvate:thiamin diphosphate acetaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating) |
| R02569 | acetyl-CoA:enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine S-acetyltransferase |
| R02570 | succinyl-CoA:enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine S-succinyltransferase |
| R02571 | glutaryl-CoA:enzyme-N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine S-glutaryltransferase |
| R02662 | 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA:enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine S-(2-methylpropanoyl)transferase |
| R03174 | (S)-2-methylbutanoyl-CoA:enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine S-(2-methylbutanoyl)transferase |
| R03425 | glycine:lipoylprotein oxidoreductase (decarboxylating and acceptor-aminomethylating) |
| R03815 | dihydrolipoylprotein:NAD+ oxidoreductase |
| R04097 | 3-methylbutanoyl-CoA:enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine S-(3-methylbutanoyl)transferase |
| R04125 | [protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine:tetrahydrofolate aminomethyltransferase (ammonia-forming) |
| R07618 | enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine:NAD+ oxidoreductase |
| R12423 | [lipoyl-carrier protein E2]-N6-(octanoyl)-L-lysine:[Fe-S] cluster scaffold protein carrying a [4Fe-4S]2+ cluster sulfurtransferase |
| R12424 | [glycine cleavage system H]-N6-octanoyl-L-lysine:[Fe-S] cluster scaffold protein carrying a [4Fe-4S]2+ cluster sulfurtransferase |
| R12426 | [glycine cleavage system H]-N6-lipoyl-L-lysine:[lipoyl-carrier protein]-L-lysine lipoyltransferase |
| R12427 | octanoyl-[acp]:lipoyl-carrier-protein-E2 N-octanoyltransferase |
| R12428 | octanoyl-[acp]:glycine-cleavage-system-H N-octanoyltransferase |
| R12429 | [lipoyl-carrier protein E2]-L-lysine:octanoate ligase (AMP-forming) |
| R12430 | octanoyl-[acp]:CoA S-octanoyltransferase |
| R12431 | octanoyl-CoA:lipoyl-carrier-protein-E2 N-octanoyltransferase |
| R12432 | [glycine cleavage system H]-N6-[(R)-dihydrolipoyl]-L-lysine:[lipoyl-carrier protein E2]-L-lysine dihydrolipoyltransferase |
| R12433 | [glycine cleavage system H]-L-lysine:(R)-lipoate ligase (AMP-forming) |
| R12449 | [lipoyl-carrier protein E2]-L-lysine:(R)-lipoate ligase (AMP-forming) |
|
| Compound |
| C00141 | 3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid |
| C00143 | 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate |
| C00233 | 4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoate |
| C00671 | (S)-3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid |
| C01242 | [Protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine |
| C05125 | 2-(alpha-Hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate |
| C05381 | 3-Carboxy-1-hydroxypropyl-ThPP |
| C06157 | [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase] S-glutaryldihydrolipoyllysine |
| C15972 | Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine |
| C15973 | Enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine |
| C15974 | 3-Methyl-1-hydroxybutyl-ThPP |
| C15975 | [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] S-(3-methylbutanoyl)dihydrolipoyllysine |
| C15976 | 2-Methyl-1-hydroxypropyl-ThPP |
| C15977 | [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] S-(2-methylpropanoyl)dihydrolipoyllysine |
| C15978 | 2-Methyl-1-hydroxybutyl-ThPP |
| C15979 | [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] S-(2-methylbutanoyl)dihydrolipoyllysine |
| C15980 | (S)-2-Methylbutanoyl-CoA |
| C16254 | [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase] S-succinyldihydrolipoyllysine |
| C16255 | [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] S-acetyldihydrolipoyllysine |
| C22159 | [Glycine cleavage system H]-N6-octanoyl-L-lysine |
| C22160 | [Lipoyl-carrier protein E2]-N6-octanoyl-L-lysine |
| C22667 | 4-Carboxy-1-hydroxybutyryl-ThPP |
|
| Reference |
|
| Authors |
Gunther S, McMillan PJ, Wallace LJ, Muller S. |
| Title |
Plasmodium falciparum possesses organelle-specific alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes and lipoylation pathways. |
| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Fujiwara K, Takeuchi S, Okamura-Ikeda K, Motokawa Y. |
| Title |
Purification, characterization, and cDNA cloning of lipoate-activating enzyme from bovine liver. |
| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Yasuno R, Wada H. |
| Title |
Biosynthesis of lipoic acid in Arabidopsis: cloning and characterization of the cDNA for lipoic acid synthase. |
| Journal |
|
| Reference |
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| Authors |
Gueguen V, Macherel D, Jaquinod M, Douce R, Bourguignon J. |
| Title |
Fatty acid and lipoic acid biosynthesis in higher plant mitochondria. |
| Journal |
|
| Reference |
|
| Authors |
Wada M, Yasuno R, Jordan SW, Cronan JE Jr, Wada H. |
| Title |
Lipoic acid metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana: cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding lipoyltransferase. |
| Journal |
|
| Reference |
|
| Authors |
Morris TW, Reed KE, Cronan JE Jr. |
| Title |
Identification of the gene encoding lipoate-protein ligase A of Escherichia coli. Molecular cloning and characterization of the lplA gene and gene product. |
| Journal |
J Biol Chem 269:16091-100 (1994) |
| Reference |
|
| Authors |
Zhao X, Miller JR, Jiang Y, Marletta MA, Cronan JE. |
| Title |
Assembly of the covalent linkage between lipoic acid and its cognate enzymes. |
| Journal |
|
| Reference |
|
| Authors |
Nesbitt NM, Baleanu-Gogonea C, Cicchillo RM, Goodson K, Iwig DF, Broadwater JA, Haas JA, Fox BG, Booker SJ. |
| Title |
Expression, purification, and physical characterization of Escherichia coli lipoyl(octanoyl)transferase. |
| Journal |
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| Reference |
|
| Authors |
Solmonson A, DeBerardinis RJ |
| Title |
Lipoic acid metabolism and mitochondrial redox regulation. |
| Journal |
|
| Reference |
|
| Authors |
Cronan JE |
| Title |
Assembly of Lipoic Acid on Its Cognate Enzymes: an Extraordinary and Essential Biosynthetic Pathway. |
| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Mayr JA, Feichtinger RG, Tort F, Ribes A, Sperl W |
| Title |
Lipoic acid biosynthesis defects. |
| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Cao X, Zhu L, Song X, Hu Z, Cronan JE |
| Title |
Protein moonlighting elucidates the essential human pathway catalyzing lipoic acid assembly on its cognate enzymes. |
| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Soreze Y, Boutron A, Habarou F, Barnerias C, Nonnenmacher L, Delpech H, Mamoune A, Chretien D, Hubert L, Bole-Feysot C, Nitschke P, Correia I, Sardet C, Boddaert N, Hamel Y, Delahodde A, Ottolenghi C, de Lonlay P |
| Title |
Mutations in human lipoyltransferase gene LIPT1 cause a Leigh disease with secondary deficiency for pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. |
| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Habarou F, Hamel Y, Haack TB, Feichtinger RG, Lebigot E, Marquardt I, Busiah K, Laroche C, Madrange M, Grisel C, Pontoizeau C, Eisermann M, Boutron A, Chretien D, Chadefaux-Vekemans B, Barouki R, Bole-Feysot C, Nitschke P, Goudin N, Boddaert N, Nemazanyy I, Delahodde A, Kolker S, Rodenburg RJ, Korenke GC, Meitinger T, Strom TM, Prokisch H, Rotig A, Ottolenghi C, Mayr JA, de Lonlay P |
| Title |
Biallelic Mutations in LIPT2 Cause a Mitochondrial Lipoylation Defect Associated with Severe Neonatal Encephalopathy. |
| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Spalding MD, Prigge ST |
| Title |
Lipoic acid metabolism in microbial pathogens. |
| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Guerra AJ, Afanador GA, Prigge ST |
| Title |
Crystal structure of lipoate-bound lipoate ligase 1, LipL1, from Plasmodium falciparum. |
| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Afanador GA, Matthews KA, Bartee D, Gisselberg JE, Walters MS, Freel Meyers CL, Prigge ST |
| Title |
Redox-dependent lipoylation of mitochondrial proteins in Plasmodium falciparum. |
| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Afanador GA, Guerra AJ, Swift RP, Rodriguez RE, Bartee D, Matthews KA, Schon A, Freire E, Freel Meyers CL, Prigge ST |
| Title |
A novel lipoate attachment enzyme is shared by Plasmodium and Chlamydia species. |
| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Storm J, Muller S |
| Title |
Lipoic acid metabolism of Plasmodium--a suitable drug target. |
| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Gunther S, Wallace L, Patzewitz EM, McMillan PJ, Storm J, Wrenger C, Bissett R, Smith TK, Muller S |
| Title |
Apicoplast lipoic acid protein ligase B is not essential for Plasmodium falciparum. |
| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Wrenger C, Muller S |
| Title |
The human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum has distinct organelle-specific lipoylation pathways. |
| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Martin N, Christensen QH, Mansilla MC, Cronan JE, de Mendoza D |
| Title |
A novel two-gene requirement for the octanoyltransfer reaction of Bacillus subtilis lipoic acid biosynthesis. |
| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Christensen QH, Martin N, Mansilla MC, de Mendoza D, Cronan JE |
| Title |
A novel amidotransferase required for lipoic acid cofactor assembly in Bacillus subtilis. |
| Journal |
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Related pathway |
| rn00260 | Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism |
| rn00280 | Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation |
|
| KO pathway |
|