KEGG   PATHWAY: suj02020
Entry
suj02020                    Pathway                                
Name
Two-component system - Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus JKD6159 (CA-MRSA)
Description
Two-component signal transduction systems enable bacteria to sense, respond, and adapt to changes in their environment or in their intracellular state. Each two-component system consists of a sensor protein-histidine kinase (HK) and a response regulator (RR). In the prototypical two-component pathway, the sensor HK phosphorylates its own conserved His residue in response to a signal(s) in the environment. Subsequently, the phosphoryl group of HK is transferred onto a specific Asp residue on the RR. The activated RR can then effect changes in cellular physiology, often by regulating gene expression. Two-component pathways thus often enable cells to sense and respond to stimuli by inducing changes in transcription.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
Pathway map
suj02020  Two-component system
suj02020

Other DBs
GO: 0000160
Organism
Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus JKD6159 (CA-MRSA) [GN:suj]
Gene
SAA6159_01616  ATP-binding protein [KO:K07636] [EC:2.7.13.3]
SAA6159_01617  response regulator transcription factor [KO:K07658]
SAA6159_02523  alkaline phosphatase [KO:K01077] [EC:3.1.3.1]
SAA6159_01256  phosphate ABC transporter substrate-binding protein PstS [KO:K02040]
SAA6159_01651  trypsin-like peptidase domain-containing protein [KO:K04771] [EC:3.4.21.107]
SAA6159_01994  response regulator transcription factor [KO:K07667]
SAA6159_01992  kdpA; potassium-transporting ATPase subunit KdpA [KO:K01546]
SAA6159_01991  kdpB; potassium-transporting ATPase subunit KdpB [KO:K01547] [EC:7.2.2.6]
SAA6159_01990  K(+)-transporting ATPase subunit C [KO:K01548]
SAA6159_03560  potassium-transporting ATPase subunit F [KO:K01545]
SAA6159_01420  srrB; two-component system sensor histidine kinase SrrB [KO:K07651] [EC:2.7.13.3]
SAA6159_01421  srrA; two-component system response regulator SrrA [KO:K07775]
SAA6159_00970  heme A synthase [KO:K02259] [EC:1.17.99.9]
SAA6159_00019  walK; cell wall metabolism sensor histidine kinase WalK [KO:K07652] [EC:2.7.13.3]
SAA6159_00018  yycF; response regulator YycF [KO:K07668]
SAA6159_00001  dnaA; chromosomal replication initiator protein DnaA [KO:K02313]
SAA6159_00660  saeS; two-component system sensor histidine kinase SaeS [KO:K10681] [EC:2.7.13.3]
SAA6159_00661  saeR; response regulator transcription factor SaeR [KO:K10682]
SAA6159_02595  vraD; peptide resistance ABC transporter ATP-binding subunit VraD [KO:K11631]
SAA6159_02596  vraE; peptide resistance ABC transporter permease subunit VraE [KO:K11632]
SAA6159_02518  ABC transporter permease [KO:K19084]
SAA6159_02519  ABC transporter ATP-binding protein [KO:K19083]
SAA6159_02520  nsaS; nisin susceptibility-associated two-component system sensor histidine kinase NsaS [KO:K19081] [EC:2.7.13.3]
SAA6159_02521  nsaR; nisin susceptibility-associated two-component system response regulator NsaR [KO:K19082]
SAA6159_00616  vraG; ABC transporter permease VraG [KO:K19080]
SAA6159_00615  vraF; ABC transporter ATP-binding protein VraF [KO:K19079]
SAA6159_00614  graS; histidine kinase GraS/ApsS [KO:K19077] [EC:2.7.13.3]
SAA6159_00613  graR; response regulator transcription factor GraR/ApsR [KO:K19078]
SAA6159_00791  dltA; D-alanine--poly(phosphoribitol) ligase subunit DltA [KO:K03367] [EC:6.1.1.13]
SAA6159_00792  dltB; PG:teichoic acid D-alanyltransferase DltB [KO:K03739]
SAA6159_00793  dltC; D-alanine--poly(phosphoribitol) ligase subunit 2 [KO:K14188] [EC:6.1.1.13]
SAA6159_00794  dltD; D-alanyl-lipoteichoic acid biosynthesis protein DltD [KO:K03740]
SAA6159_01225  mprF; bifunctional lysylphosphatidylglycerol flippase/synthetase MprF [KO:K14205] [EC:2.3.2.3]
SAA6159_01281  arlS; sensor histidine kinase ArlS [KO:K18940] [EC:2.7.13.3]
SAA6159_01282  arlR; response regulator transcription factor ArlR [KO:K18941]
SAA6159_00812  kinase-associated lipoprotein B [KO:K06347]
SAA6159_01625  NAD-dependent malic enzyme [KO:K00027] [EC:1.1.1.38]
SAA6159_00237  sensor histidine kinase [KO:K07704] [EC:2.7.13.3]
SAA6159_00238  response regulator transcription factor LytR [KO:K07705]
SAA6159_00239  lrgA; antiholin-like murein hydrolase modulator LrgA [KO:K05338]
SAA6159_00240  lrgB; antiholin-like protein LrgB [KO:K05339]
SAA6159_01949  accessory gene regulator AgrB [KO:K07813]
SAA6159_01950  cyclic lactone autoinducer peptide [KO:K07800]
SAA6159_01951  GHKL domain-containing protein [KO:K07706] [EC:2.7.13.3]
SAA6159_01952  LytTR family DNA-binding domain-containing protein [KO:K07707]
SAA6159_02298  nitrate reductase subunit alpha [KO:K00370] [EC:1.7.5.1 1.7.99.-]
SAA6159_02297  narH; nitrate reductase subunit beta [KO:K00371] [EC:1.7.5.1 1.7.99.-]
SAA6159_02295  narI; respiratory nitrate reductase subunit gamma [KO:K00374] [EC:1.7.5.1 1.7.99.-]
SAA6159_02296  narJ; nitrate reductase molybdenum cofactor assembly chaperone [KO:K00373]
SAA6159_00196  uhpT; hexose-6-phosphate:phosphate antiporter [KO:K07784]
SAA6159_01188  sensor histidine kinase [KO:K07778] [EC:2.7.13.3]
SAA6159_01189  response regulator transcription factor [KO:K07693]
SAA6159_01816  sensor histidine kinase [KO:K07681] [EC:2.7.13.3]
SAA6159_01815  vraR; two-component system response regulator VraR [KO:K07694]
SAA6159_02293  nreB; nitrate respiration regulation sensor histidine kinase NreB [KO:K07683] [EC:2.7.13.3]
SAA6159_02292  nreC; nitrate respiration regulation response regulator NreC [KO:K07696]
SAA6159_02294  nreA; nitrate respiration regulation accessory nitrate sensor NreA [KO:K10851]
SAA6159_02291  NarK/NasA family nitrate transporter [KO:K10850]
SAA6159_01163  glnA; type I glutamate--ammonia ligase [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
SAA6159_00328  acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase [KO:K00626] [EC:2.3.1.9]
SAA6159_00529  thiolase family protein [KO:K00626] [EC:2.3.1.9]
SAA6159_00199  ABC transporter substrate-binding protein [KO:K25211]
SAA6159_00198  sensor histidine kinase [KO:K25212] [EC:2.7.13.3]
SAA6159_00197  response regulator transcription factor [KO:K25213]
SAA6159_00942  cytochrome ubiquinol oxidase subunit I [KO:K00425] [EC:7.1.1.7]
SAA6159_00943  cytochrome d ubiquinol oxidase subunit II [KO:K00426] [EC:7.1.1.7]
SAA6159_01812  low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase [KO:K25307] [EC:3.1.3.48]
SAA6159_02025  wecB; UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase (non-hydrolyzing) [KO:K01791] [EC:5.1.3.14]
SAA6159_00148  cap8P; type 8 capsular polysaccharide synthesis protein Cap8P [KO:K01791] [EC:5.1.3.14]
SAA6159_00147  cap8O; type 8 capsular polysaccharide synthesis protein Cap8O [KO:K02472] [EC:1.1.1.336]
Compound
C00007  Oxygen
C00009  Orthophosphate
C00022  Pyruvate
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00031  D-Glucose
C00034  Manganese
C00036  Oxaloacetate
C00038  Zinc cation
C00042  Succinate
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00070  Copper
C00088  Nitrite
C00092  D-Glucose 6-phosphate
C00122  Fumarate
C00149  (S)-Malate
C00158  Citrate
C00164  Acetoacetate
C00237  CO
C00238  Potassium cation
C00244  Nitrate
C00282  Hydrogen
C00291  Nickel
C00305  Magnesium cation
C00399  Ubiquinone
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00547  L-Noradrenaline
C00697  Nitrogen
C00788  L-Adrenaline
C00828  Menaquinone
C01019  L-Fucose
C01104  Trimethylamine N-oxide
C01667  Bacitracin
C02084  Tetrathionate
C05757  (3R)-3-Hydroxydodecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein]
C05818  2-Demethylmenaquinone
C06230  Fe-enterobactin
C06689  Vancomycin
C06696  Lead
C11612  Polymyxin B
C11842  N-(3-(S)-Hydroxybutyryl)homoserine lactone
C11849  3-Hydroxy-palmitic acid methyl ester
C12008  Ramoplanin A2
C13768  Colistin sulfate
C14819  Fe3+
C16421  AI-2
C16463  3',5'-Cyclic diGMP
C16640  CAI-1
C16665  12-Methyltetradecanoic acid
C18206  cis-11-Methyl-2-dodecenoic acid
C21220  AIP-1
C21221  CSP
C21241  AIP-2
C21242  AIP-3
C21243  AIP-4
C21245  AgrD1 peptide
D07746  Colistin (INN)
D08401  Polymyxin B (INN)
Reference
  Authors
Yamamoto K, Hirao K, Oshima T, Aiba H, Utsumi R, Ishihama A.
  Title
Functional characterization in vitro of all two-component signal transduction systems from Escherichia coli.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 280:1448-56 (2005)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M410104200
Reference
  Authors
Abdel-Fattah WR, Chen Y, Eldakak A, Hulett FM.
  Title
Bacillus subtilis phosphorylated PhoP: direct activation of the E(sigma)A- and repression of the E(sigma)E-responsive phoB-PS+V promoters during pho response.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 187:5166-78 (2005)
DOI:10.1128/JB.187.15.5166-5178.2005
Reference
  Authors
Navarre WW, Halsey TA, Walthers D, Frye J, McClelland M, Potter JL, Kenney LJ, Gunn JS, Fang FC, Libby SJ.
  Title
Co-regulation of Salmonella enterica genes required for virulence and resistance to antimicrobial peptides by SlyA and PhoP/PhoQ.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 56:492-508 (2005)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04553.x
Reference
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Cai SJ, Inouye M.
  Title
EnvZ-OmpR interaction and osmoregulation in Escherichia coli.
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J Biol Chem 277:24155-61 (2002)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M110715200
Reference
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Batchelor E, Walthers D, Kenney LJ, Goulian M.
  Title
The Escherichia coli CpxA-CpxR envelope stress response system regulates expression of the porins ompF and ompC.
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J Bacteriol 187:5723-31 (2005)
DOI:10.1128/JB.187.16.5723-5731.2005
Reference
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Nagakubo S, Nishino K, Hirata T, Yamaguchi A.
  Title
The putative response regulator BaeR stimulates multidrug resistance of Escherichia coli via a novel multidrug exporter system, MdtABC.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 184:4161-7 (2002)
DOI:10.1128/JB.184.15.4161-4167.2002
Reference
  Authors
Hagiwara D, Yamashino T, Mizuno T.
  Title
A Genome-wide view of the Escherichia coli BasS-BasR two-component system implicated in iron-responses.
  Journal
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 68:1758-67 (2004)
DOI:10.1271/bbb.68.1758
Reference
  Authors
Munson GP, Lam DL, Outten FW, O'Halloran TV.
  Title
Identification of a copper-responsive two-component system on the chromosome of Escherichia coli K-12.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 182:5864-71 (2000)
DOI:10.1128/JB.182.20.5864-5871.2000
Reference
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Sperandio V, Torres AG, Kaper JB.
  Title
Quorum sensing Escherichia coli regulators B and C (QseBC): a novel two-component regulatory system involved in the regulation of flagella and motility by quorum sensing in E. coli.
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Mol Microbiol 43:809-21 (2002)
DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02803.x
Reference
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The roles and regulation of potassium in bacteria.
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Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol 75:293-320 (2003)
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The TorR high-affinity binding site plays a key role in both torR autoregulation and torCAD operon expression in Escherichia coli.
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J Bacteriol 182:961-6 (2000)
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Reference
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Identification of a quinone-sensitive redox switch in the ArcB sensor kinase.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:13318-23 (2004)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0403064101
Reference
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DOI:10.1128/JB.171.8.4436-4441.1989
Reference
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A novel two-component regulatory system in Bacillus subtilis for the survival of severe secretion stress.
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Mol Microbiol 41:1159-72 (2001)
DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02576.x
Reference
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  Title
ResD signal transduction regulator of aerobic respiration in Bacillus subtilis: ctaA promoter regulation.
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Mol Microbiol 37:1208-19 (2000)
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Reference
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A VicRK signal transduction system in Streptococcus mutans affects gtfBCD, gbpB, and ftf expression, biofilm formation, and genetic competence development.
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J Bacteriol 187:4064-76 (2005)
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Reference
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  Title
Identification and characterization of a regulatory sequence recognized by Mycobacterium tuberculosis persistence regulator MprA.
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J Bacteriol 187:202-12 (2005)
DOI:10.1128/JB.187.1.202-212.2005
Reference
  Authors
Hutchings MI
  Title
Unusual two-component signal transduction pathways in the actinobacteria.
  Journal
Adv Appl Microbiol 61:1-26 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/S0065-2164(06)61001-0
Reference
  Authors
Kramer R
  Title
Osmosensing and osmosignaling in Corynebacterium glutamicum.
  Journal
Amino Acids 37:487-97 (2009)
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Reference
PMID:7751278
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  Title
Oxygen-insensitive synthesis of the photosynthetic membranes of Rhodobacter sphaeroides: a mutant histidine kinase.
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Reference
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  Title
In vitro evidence of two-component system phosphorylation between the Mycobacterium tuberculosis TrcR/TrcS proteins.
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Reference
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Reference
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The sensor kinase CitA (DpiB) of Escherichia coli functions as a high-affinity citrate receptor.
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Reference
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Function of DcuS from Escherichia coli as a fumarate-stimulated histidine protein kinase in vitro.
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J Biol Chem 277:39809-14 (2002)
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Reference
PMID:8550490
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Identification and molecular characterization of a putative regulatory locus that affects autolysis in Staphylococcus aureus.
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Reference
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  Title
Analysis of genetic elements controlling Staphylococcus aureus lrgAB expression: potential role of DNA topology in SarA regulation.
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Reference
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J Bacteriol 184:1180-6 (2002)
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Reference
PMID:8501030
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  Title
Dual response regulators (NarL and NarP) interact with dual sensors (NarX and NarQ) to control nitrate- and nitrite-regulated gene expression in Escherichia coli K-12.
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J Bacteriol 175:3259-68 (1993)
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Reference
PMID:9220011
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  Title
'Locked-on' and 'locked-off' signal transduction mutations in the periplasmic domain of the Escherichia coli NarQ and NarX sensors affect nitrate- and nitrite-dependent regulation by NarL and NarP.
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Mol Microbiol 24:1049-60 (1997)
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Reference
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  Title
Cooperativity in signal transfer through the Uhp system of Escherichia coli.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 184:4205-10 (2002)
DOI:10.1128/JB.184.15.4205-4210.2002
Reference
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Hagiwara D, Sugiura M, Oshima T, Mori H, Aiba H, Yamashino T, Mizuno T.
  Title
Genome-wide analyses revealing a signaling network of the RcsC-YojN-RcsB phosphorelay system in Escherichia coli.
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J Bacteriol 185:5735-46 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.19.5735-5746.2003
Reference
  Authors
Hirakawa H, Nishino K, Yamada J, Hirata T, Yamaguchi A.
  Title
Beta-lactam resistance modulated by the overexpression of response regulators of two-component signal transduction systems in Escherichia coli.
  Journal
J Antimicrob Chemother 52:576-82 (2003)
DOI:10.1093/jac/dkg406
Reference
  Authors
Suzuki K, Wang X, Weilbacher T, Pernestig AK, Melefors O, Georgellis D, Babitzke P, Romeo T.
  Title
Regulatory circuitry of the CsrA/CsrB and BarA/UvrY systems of Escherichia coli.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 184:5130-40 (2002)
DOI:10.1128/JB.184.18.5130-5140.2002
Reference
  Authors
Kato A, Ohnishi H, Yamamoto K, Furuta E, Tanabe H, Utsumi R.
  Title
Transcription of emrKY is regulated by the EvgA-EvgS two-component system in Escherichia coli K-12.
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Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 64:1203-9 (2000)
DOI:10.1271/bbb.64.1203
Reference
  Authors
Ansaldi M, Dubnau D.
  Title
Diversifying selection at the Bacillus quorum-sensing locus and determinants of modification specificity during synthesis of the ComX pheromone.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 186:15-21 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/JB.186.1.15-21.2004
Reference
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Gabdrakhmanova L, Vishniakov I, Sharipova M, Balaban N, Kostrov S, Leshchinskaya I.
  Title
Salt stress induction of glutamyl endopeptidase biosynthesis in Bacillus intermedius.
  Journal
Microbiol Res 160:233-42 (2005)
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Reference
  Authors
Aguilar PS, Hernandez-Arriaga AM, Cybulski LE, Erazo AC, de Mendoza D.
  Title
Molecular basis of thermosensing: a two-component signal transduction thermometer in Bacillus subtilis.
  Journal
EMBO J 20:1681-91 (2001)
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Reference
  Authors
Kuroda M, Kuroda H, Oshima T, Takeuchi F, Mori H, Hiramatsu K.
  Title
Two-component system VraSR positively modulates the regulation of cell-wall biosynthesis pathway in Staphylococcus aureus.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 49:807-21 (2003)
DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03599.x
Reference
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Saini DK, Malhotra V, Dey D, Pant N, Das TK, Tyagi JS.
  Title
DevR-DevS is a bona fide two-component system of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that is hypoxia-responsive in the absence of the DNA-binding domain of DevR.
  Journal
Microbiology 150:865-75 (2004)
DOI:10.1099/mic.0.26218-0
Reference
  Authors
Fedtke I, Kamps A, Krismer B, Gotz F.
  Title
The nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase operons and the narT gene of Staphylococcus carnosus are positively controlled by the novel two-component system NreBC.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 184:6624-34 (2002)
DOI:10.1128/JB.184.23.6624-6634.2002
Reference
PMID:8416895
  Authors
Shiau SP, Chen P, Reitzer LJ.
  Title
Effects of insertions and deletions in glnG (ntrC) of Escherichia coli on nitrogen regulator I-dependent DNA binding and transcriptional activation.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 175:190-9 (1993)
DOI:10.1128/JB.175.1.190-199.1993
Reference
  Authors
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  Title
The hydH/G Genes from Escherichia coli code for a zinc and lead responsive two-component regulatory system.
  Journal
J Mol Biol 307:93-105 (2001)
DOI:10.1006/jmbi.2000.4451
Reference
  Authors
Lioliou EE, Kyriakidis DA.
  Title
The role of bacterial antizyme: From an inhibitory protein to AtoC transcriptional regulator.
  Journal
Microb Cell Fact 3:8 (2004)
DOI:10.1186/1475-2859-3-8
Reference
  Authors
Yamamoto K, Ishihama A
  Title
Transcriptional response of Escherichia coli to external copper.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 56:215-27 (2005)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04532.x
Reference
  Authors
Ashby MK, Mullineaux CW
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Cyanobacterial ycf27 gene products regulate energy transfer from phycobilisomes to photosystems I and II.
  Journal
FEMS Microbiol Lett 181:253-60 (1999)
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Reference
  Authors
Lopez-Maury L, Garcia-Dominguez M, Florencio FJ, Reyes JC
  Title
A two-component signal transduction system involved in nickel sensing in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 43:247-56 (2002)
DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02741.x
Reference
  Authors
Glover RT, Kriakov J, Garforth SJ, Baughn AD, Jacobs WR Jr
  Title
The two-component regulatory system senX3-regX3 regulates phosphate-dependent gene expression in Mycobacterium smegmatis.
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Related
pathway
suj00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
suj00550  Peptidoglycan biosynthesis
suj00910  Nitrogen metabolism
suj02040  Flagellar assembly
suj03070  Bacterial secretion system
KO pathway
ko02020   
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