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Name |
Description |
Object |
Legend |
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hsa04972
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Pancreatic secretion |
The pancreas performs both exocrine and endocrine functions. The exocrine pancreas consists of two p... |
... 481 (ATP1B1), 482 (ATP1B2), 483 (ATP1B3), 486 (FXYD2) 6548 (SLC9A1) 1811 (SLC26A3) 23439 (ATP1B4), ... |
PANCREATIC SECRETION Interstitium Lumen Tight junction Apical membrane Basolateral membrane Pancrea... |
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hsa04976
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Bile secretion |
Bile is a vital secretion, essential for digestion and absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins i... |
... 481 (ATP1B1), 482 (ATP1B2), 483 (ATP1B3), 486 (FXYD2) 1080 (CFTR) 6344 (SCTR) 760 (CA2) 8671 (SLC4A... |
AQP9 BILE SECRETION Tight junction Hepatocyte NHE1 HCO Cholangiocyte AE2 ATP CFTR HCO cAMP NBC1 2HC... |
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hsa04022
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cGMP-PKG signaling pathway |
Cyclic GMP (cGMP) is the intracellular second messenger that mediates the action of nitric oxide (NO... |
... 481 (ATP1B1), 482 (ATP1B2), 483 (ATP1B3), 486 (FXYD2) 490 (ATP2B1), 491 (ATP2B2), 492 (ATP2B3), 493... |
cGMP-PKG SIGNALING PATHWAY MLCP MLC NPR-A cGMP PKG s-GC Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Kca NPR-B Myosi... |
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hsa04024
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cAMP signaling pathway |
cAMP is one of the most common and universal second messengers, and its formation is promoted by ade... |
... 481 (ATP1B1), 482 (ATP1B2), 483 (ATP1B3), 486 (FXYD2) 6548 (SLC9A1) 1128 (CHRM1), 1129 (CHRM2), 134... |
cAMP SIGNALING PATHWAY Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) VDCC RyR2 SERCA2a TnI Calcium signaling pathway... |
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hsa04260
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Cardiac muscle contraction |
Contraction of the heart is a complex process initiated by the electrical excitation of cardiac myoc... |
... 481 (ATP1B1), 482 (ATP1B2), 483 (ATP1B3), 486 (FXYD2) 6548 (SLC9A1) 10345 (TRDN) 444 (ASPH) 845 (CA... |
CARDIAC MUSCLE CONTRACTION T-tubule Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) DHPR RyR2 NCX NCX Systole Diastole... |
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hsa04261
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Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes |
Cardiac myocytes express at least six subtypes of adrenergic receptor (AR) which include three subty... |
... 481 (ATP1B1), 482 (ATP1B2), 483 (ATP1B3), 486 (FXYD2) 6548 (SLC9A1) 153 (ADRB1) 154 (ADRB2) 2778 (G... |
ADRENERGIC SIGNALING IN CARDIOMYOCYTES T-tubule Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) DHPR RyR2 NCX NCX SER... |
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hsa04911
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Insulin secretion |
Pancreatic beta cells are specialised endocrine cells that continuously sense the levels of blood su... |
... 481 (ATP1B1), 482 (ATP1B2), 483 (ATP1B3), 486 (FXYD2) 11069 (RAPGEF4) 6833 (ABCC8) 9699 (RIMS2) 680... |
INSULIN SECRETION GLUT1/2 Kir6.2 VDCC M3R GLP-1R PLC Glucose Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) PKA Gq/G11 G... |
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hsa04918
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Thyroid hormone synthesis |
Thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) are essential for normal development, grow... |
... 481 (ATP1B1), 482 (ATP1B2), 483 (ATP1B3), 486 (FXYD2) 5172 (SLC26A4) 50506 (DUOX2), 53905 (DUOX1) 7... |
THYROID HORMONE SYNTHESIS Blood Follicular lumen Tight junction Apical membrane Basal membrane Thy... |
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hsa04919
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Thyroid hormone signaling pathway |
The thyroid hormones (THs) are important regulators of growth, development and metabolism. The actio... |
... 481 (ATP1B1), 482 (ATP1B2), 483 (ATP1B3), 486 (FXYD2) 7067 (THRA) 60 (ACTB), 71 (ACTG1) 1733 (DIO1)... |
MAPK signaling pathway ITGB ITGA PIP Akt/PKB PDK1 PI3K PKC THYROID HORMONE SIGNALING PATHWAY Regu... |
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hsa04960
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Aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption |
Sodium transport across the tight epithelia of Na+ reabsorbing tissues such as the distal part of th... |
... 481 (ATP1B1), 482 (ATP1B2), 483 (ATP1B3), 486 (FXYD2) 6446 (SGK1) 4306 (NR3C2) 3845 (KRAS) 23327 (N... |
ALDOSTERONE-REGULATED SODIUM REABSORPTION Blood DNA ENaC ATPase SGK1 Aldosterone Urinary lumen Ubi... |
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hsa04961
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Endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption |
Calcium (Ca2+) is essential for numerous physiological functions including intracellular signalling ... |
... 481 (ATP1B1), 482 (ATP1B2), 483 (ATP1B3), 486 (FXYD2) 9365 (KL) 8766 (RAB11A) 8766 (RAB11A) 8766 (R... |
Blood DNA Urinary lumen Nucleus Distal convoluted tubular (DCT) cell Tight junction Tight junction ... |
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hsa04964
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Proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation |
One of the major tasks of the renal proximal tubule (PT) is to secrete acid into the tubule lumen, t... |
... 481 (ATP1B1), 482 (ATP1B2), 483 (ATP1B3), 486 (FXYD2) 358 (AQP1) 10991 (SLC38A3) 1468 (SLC25A10) 41... |
PROXIMAL TUBULE BICARBONATE RECLAMATION Blood Urinary lumen Proximal tubular cell Tight junction ... |
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hsa04970
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Salivary secretion |
Saliva has manifold functions in maintaining the integrity of the oral tissues, in protecting teeth ... |
... 481 (ATP1B1), 482 (ATP1B2), 483 (ATP1B3), 486 (FXYD2) 362 (AQP5) 6522 (SLC4A2) 6548 (SLC9A1) 4069 (... |
SALIVARY SECRETION Interstitium Acinar lumen Tight junction Apical membrane Basolateral membrane Sa... |
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hsa04973
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Carbohydrate digestion and absorption |
Dietary carbohydrate in humans and omnivorous animals is a major nutrient. The carbohydrates that we... |
... 481 (ATP1B1), 482 (ATP1B2), 483 (ATP1B3), 486 (FXYD2) 2542 (SLC37A4) 6514 (SLC2A2) 3938 (LCT) 6476 ... |
CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION Blood Lumen Salivary secretion Small intestinal epithelial ... |
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hsa04974
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Protein digestion and absorption |
Protein is a dietary component essential for nutritional homeostasis in humans. Normally, ingested p... |
... 481 (ATP1B1), 482 (ATP1B2), 483 (ATP1B3), 486 (FXYD2) 6520 (SLC3A2) 6520 (SLC3A2) 1504 (CTRB1), 440... |
PROTEIN DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION Blood Lumen Small intestinal epithelial cell Tight junction Tigh... |
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hsa04978
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Mineral absorption |
Minerals are one of the five fundamental groups of nutrients needed to sustain life. Of the minerals... |
... 481 (ATP1B1), 482 (ATP1B2), 483 (ATP1B3), 486 (FXYD2) 1811 (SLC26A3) 6523 (SLC5A1) 340024 (SLC6A19)... |
MINERAL ABSORPTION Blood Lumen Small intestinal epithelial cell Tight junction Tight junction Tight... |