Entry Name cAMP signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human)
Description cAMP is one of the most common and universal second messengers, and its formation is promoted by adenylyl cyclase (AC) activation after ligation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) by ligands including hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules. cAMP regulates pivotal physiologic processes including metabolism, secretion, calcium homeostasis, muscle contraction, cell fate, and gene transcription. cAMP acts directly on three main targets: protein kinase A (PKA), the exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac), and cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (CNGCs). PKA modulates, via phosphorylation, a number of cellular substrates, including transcription factors, ion channels, transporters, exchangers, intracellular Ca2+ -handling proteins, and the contractile machinery. Epac proteins function as guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for both Rap1 and Rap2. Various effector proteins, including adaptor proteins implicated in modulation of the actin cytoskeleton, regulators of G proteins of the Rho family, and phospholipases, relay signaling downstream from Rap.
Class Environmental Information Processing; Signal transductionBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Network Element N00324 CRHR-PKA-ACTH signaling pathway
N00885 LHCGR-GNAS-PKA signaling pathway
N00922 FSHR-GNAS-PKA signaling pathway
Drug D00227 Aminophylline (USP/INN)
D00241 Baclofen (JP19/USP/INN)
D00255 Carvedilol (JP19/USP/INN)
D00302 Dipyridamole (JP19/USP/INN)
D00417 Milrinone (JAN/USP/INN)
D00419 Misoprostol (JAN/USP/INN)
D00481 Propantheline bromide (JP19/USP/INN)
D00598 Betaxolol hydrochloride (JP19/USP)
D00599 Carteolol hydrochloride (JP19/USP)
D00600 Labetalol hydrochloride (JP19/USP)
D00603 Timolol maleate (JP19/USP)
D00616 Diltiazem hydrochloride (JP19/USP)
D00631 Bepridil hydrochloride (USAN)
D00632 Dobutamine hydrochloride (JP19/USP)
D00634 Bisoprolol fumarate (JP19/USP)
D00636 Amiodarone hydrochloride (JP19/USP)
D00683 Albuterol sulfate (USP)
D00684 Bitolterol mesylate (USAN)
D00685 Metaproterenol sulfate (USP)
D00686 Pirbuterol acetate (USAN)
D00687 Salmeterol xinafoate (JAN/USP)
D00688 Terbutaline sulfate (JP19/USP)
D00717 Dicyclomine hydrochloride (JAN/USP)
D00718 Flavoxate hydrochloride (JP19/USP)
D00996 Epinephrine hydrochloride (JAN)
D01006 Oxyphencyclimine hydrochloride (JAN)
D01103 Trospium chloride (JAN/USP/INN)
D01133 Pimobendan (JAN/USAN/INN)
D01165 Piperidolate hydrochloride (JAN)
D01171 Monatepil maleate (JAN/USAN)
D01201 Tiemonium iodide (JAN/INN)
D01238 Bucladesine sodium (JAN)
D01263 Ritodrine hydrochloride (JP19/USP)
D01349 Pirbuterol hydrochloride (JAN/USAN)
D01360 Clenbuterol hydrochloride (JAN/USP)
D01362 Tulobuterol hydrochloride (JP19)
D01373 Formoterol fumarate (USP)
D01377 Prifinium bromide (JAN/INN)
D01428 Fenoterol hydrobromide (JAN)
D01453 Caffeine hydrate (JP19)
D01469 Amosulalol hydrochloride (JP19)
D01573 Etilefrine hydrochloride (JP19)
D01589 Mabuterol hydrochloride (JAN)
D01630 Propentofylline (JAN/INN)
D01635 Methoxyphenamine hydrochloride (JAN)
D01697 Colforsin daropate hydrochloride (JAN)
D01704 Cilomilast (JAN/USAN/INN)
D01712 Theophylline sodium acetate (JAN)
D01771 Proxyphylline (JAN/INN)
D01783 Rolipram (JAN/USAN/INN)
D01830 Arotinolol hydrochloride (JP19)
D01835 Clorprenaline hydrochloride (JAN/USAN)
D01891 Enprostil (JAN/USAN/INN)
D01896 Cilostazol (JP19/USP/INN)
D01958 Indenolol hydrochloride (JP19)
D01978 Trimetoquinol hydrochloride
D02071 Scopolamine hydrobromide (USP)
D02084 Inamrinone ethylenelactate
D02093 Isoetharine hydrochloride (USP)
D02149 Epinephrine bitartrate (USP)
D02212 Ipratropium bromide (USP)
D02218 Papaverine hydrochloride (JP19/USP)
D02250 Octreotide acetate (JAN)
D02281 Levalbuterol hydrochloride (USP)
D02342 Bisoprolol (JAN/USAN/INN)
D02396 Hexoprenaline sulfate (USAN)
D02404 Procaterol hydrochloride (USAN)
D02417 Flutropium bromide (JAN)
D02535 Timepidium bromide hydrate (JP19)
D02655 Etazolate hydrochloride (USAN)
D02976 Arbutamine hydrochloride (USAN)
D02981 Arformoterol tartrate (USAN)
D03051 Bamifylline hydrochloride (USAN)
D03088 Benzilonium bromide (USAN/INN)
D03177 Bunolol hydrochloride (USAN)
D03402 Carbuterol hydrochloride (USAN)
D03415 Carvedilol phosphate (USAN)
D03516 Cipamfylline (USAN/INN)
D03587 Colterol mesylate (USAN)
D03830 Diltiazem malate (USAN)
D03892 Dopexamine hydrochloride (USAN)
D04006 Enprofylline (USAN/INN)
D04026 Epinephryl borate (USP)
D04072 Etafedrine hydrochloride (USAN)
D04508 Imazodan hydrochloride (USAN)
D04626 Isoetharine mesylate (USP)
D04628 Isomazole hydrochloride (USAN)
D04666 Lanreotide acetate (JAN/USAN)
D04701 Levalbuterol sulfate (USAN)
D04703 Levalbuterol tartrate (USAN)
D04710 Levobetaxolol hydrochloride (USAN)
D04720 Levosimendan (USAN/INN)
D04751 Lixazinone sulfate (USAN)
D04868 Mebeverine hydrochloride (USAN)
D04954 Metaproterenol polistirex (USAN)
D05037 Trimetoquinol hydrochloride hydrate (JP19)
D05230 Octreotide pamoate (USAN)
D05277 Formoterol fumarate hydrate (JP19)
D05366 Procaterol hydrochloride hydrate (JP19)
D05429 Aminophylline hydrate (JP19)
D05476 Picumeterol fumarate (USAN)
D05677 Quinelorane hydrochloride (USAN)
D05682 Quinpirole hydrochloride (USAN)
D05688 Racepinephrine (USP/INN)
D05689 Racepinephrine hydrochloride (USP)
D05718 Reproterol hydrochloride (USAN)
D05730 Rimiterol hydrobromide (USAN)
D05744 Roflumilast (JAN/USAN/INN)
D05812 Seglitide acetate (USAN)
D05832 Sibenadet hydrochloride (USAN)
D05902 Soterenol hydrochloride (USAN)
D06104 Theophylline sodium glycinate (USP)
D06132 Tibenelast sodium (USAN)
D06374 Zinterol hydrochloride (USAN)
D06495 Octreotide acetate (USP)
D06562 Bedoradrine sulfate (USAN)
D06877 Oxyphenonium bromide (INN)
D07094 Pinaverium bromide (INN)
D07489 Bambuterol hydrochloride
D07682 Clazosentan sodium (JAN/USAN)
D07879 Drotaverine hydrochloride
D08095 Ivabradine hydrochloride (JAN/USAN)
D08238 Moxaverine hydrochloride
D08861 Arbaclofen placarbil (USAN/INN)
D08945 Milveterol hydrochloride (USAN)
D09319 Indacaterol maleate (JAN/USAN)
D09697 Vilanterol trifenatate (JAN/USAN)
D09766 Vorapaxar sulfate (JAN/USAN)
D09833 Levosemotiadil fumarate (JAN)
D10020 Olodaterol hydrochloride (JAN/USAN)
D10220 Abediterol napadisylate (USAN)
D10497 Pasireotide diaspartate
D10546 Batefenterol succinate (USAN)
D10562 Macimorelin acetate (USAN)
D10566 Pasireotide pamoate (JAN)
D11009 Indacaterol acetate (JAN)
D11033 Lutetium (177Lu) oxodotreotide (INN)
D11102 Tamolarizine hydrochloride (JAN)
D11192 Veldoreotide (USAN/INN)
D11204 Octreotide hydrochloride (USAN)
D11630 Aminophylline dihydrate
D11743 Ensifentrine (USAN/INN)
D11911 Danuglipron tromethamine (USAN)
D11979 Inupadenant hydrochloride (USAN)
D12478 Paltusotine hydrochloride (JAN/USAN)
D12529 Orforglipron calcium (JAN/USAN)
D12925 Pocenbrodib hydrochloride (USAN)
D12975 Nerandomilast (JAN/USAN/INN)
D13173 Surlorian fumarate (USAN)
D13182 Naperiglipron erbumine (USAN)
D13248 Aleniglipron (USAN/INN)
D13249 Aleniglipron L-alginine (USAN)
D13345 Elecoglipron (USAN/INN)
Other DBs Organism Homo sapiens (human) [GN:
hsa ]
Gene 10021 HCN4; potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4 [KO:K04957 ]
10257 ABCC4; ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 4 isoform 1 [KO:K05673 ]
10398 MYL9; myosin regulatory light polypeptide 9 isoform a [KO:K12755 ]
10411 RAPGEF3; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 isoform a [KO:K08014 ]
10451 VAV3; guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV3 isoform 1 [KO:K05730 ]
10488 CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 [KO:K09048 ]
1080 CFTR; cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator [KO:K05031 ] [EC:5.6.1.6 ]
1081 CGA; glycoprotein hormones alpha chain isoform 2 precursor [KO:K08522 ]
11069 RAPGEF4; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 isoform a [KO:K04351 ]
11149 POPDC1; popeye domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K21108 ]
1128 CHRM1; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 [KO:K04129 ]
1129 CHRM2; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 [KO:K04130 ]
116 ADCYAP1; pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide preproprotein [KO:K05262 ]
116443 GRIN3A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A precursor [KO:K05213 ]
116444 GRIN3B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B precursor [KO:K05214 ]
117 ADCYAP1R1; pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type I receptor isoform 3 precursor [KO:K04587 ]
122876 GPHB5; glycoprotein hormone beta-5 precursor [KO:K25484 ]
1258 CNGB1; cyclic nucleotide-gated channel beta-1 isoform a [KO:K04952 ]
1259 CNGA1; cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha-1 [KO:K04948 ]
1260 CNGA2; cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha-2 [KO:K04949 ]
1261 CNGA3; cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha-3 isoform 1 [KO:K04950 ]
1262 CNGA4; cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha-4 [KO:K04951 ]
134 ADORA1; adenosine receptor A1 isoform 1 [KO:K04265 ]
135 ADORA2A; adenosine receptor A2a [KO:K04266 ]
1385 CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform A [KO:K05870 ]
1392 CRH; corticoliberin preproprotein [KO:K05256 ]
1394 CRHR1; corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 isoform 2 precursor [KO:K04578 ]
1395 CRHR2; corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2 isoform 1 [KO:K04579 ]
139760 GPR119; glucose-dependent insulinotropic receptor [KO:K08424 ]
148327 CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform 1 [KO:K09048 ]
153 ADRB1; beta-1 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04141 ]
154 ADRB2; beta-2 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04142 ]
163688 CALML6; calmodulin-like protein 6 isoform 1 [KO:K02183 ]
170589 GPHA2; glycoprotein hormone alpha-2 precursor [KO:K25483 ]
1813 DRD2; D(2) dopamine receptor isoform long [KO:K04145 ]
1906 EDN1; endothelin-1 isoform 1 preproprotein [KO:K16366 ]
1907 EDN2; endothelin-2 isoform 1 preproprotein [KO:K16367 ]
1908 EDN3; endothelin-3 isoform 1 preproprotein [KO:K05227 ]
1909 EDNRA; endothelin-1 receptor isoform a precursor [KO:K04197 ]
208 AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform 1 [KO:K04456 ] [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
2149 F2R; proteinase-activated receptor 1 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K03914 ]
22800 RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 isoform a [KO:K07830 ]
2488 FSHB; follitropin subunit beta precursor [KO:K05250 ]
2492 FSHR; follicle-stimulating hormone receptor isoform 1 precursor [KO:K04247 ]
2550 GABBR1; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1 isoform a precursor [KO:K04615 ]
268 AMH; muellerian-inhibiting factor preproprotein [KO:K04665 ]
2693 GHSR; growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1 isoform 1a [KO:K04284 ]
2695 GIP; gastric inhibitory polypeptide preproprotein [KO:K05258 ]
2696 GIPR; gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor isoform 1 precursor [KO:K04580 ]
27198 HCAR1; hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 [KO:K08401 ]
2735 GLI1; zinc finger protein GLI1 isoform 1 [KO:K16797 ]
2737 GLI3; transcriptional activator GLI3 [KO:K06230 ]
2740 GLP1R; glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor precursor [KO:K04581 ]
2770 GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 isoform 1 [KO:K04630 ]
2771 GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 isoform 1 [KO:K04630 ]
2773 GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630 ]
2867 FFAR2; free fatty acid receptor 2 [KO:K04328 ]
2890 GRIA1; glutamate receptor 1 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05197 ]
2891 GRIA2; glutamate receptor 2 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05198 ]
2892 GRIA3; glutamate receptor 3 isoform 2 precursor [KO:K05199 ]
2893 GRIA4; glutamate receptor 4 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05200 ]
2902 GRIN1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform GluN1-1a precursor [KO:K05208 ]
2903 GRIN2A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05209 ]
2904 GRIN2B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B isoform a precursor [KO:K05210 ]
2905 GRIN2C; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05211 ]
2906 GRIN2D; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D precursor [KO:K05212 ]
3350 HTR1A; 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A [KO:K04153 ]
3351 HTR1B; 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B [KO:K04153 ]
3352 HTR1D; 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D [KO:K04153 ]
3354 HTR1E; 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1E [KO:K04153 ]
3355 HTR1F; 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1F [KO:K04153 ]
3360 HTR4; 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 isoform b [KO:K04160 ]
3362 HTR6; 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6 [KO:K04162 ]
3776 KCNK2; potassium channel subfamily K member 2 isoform c [KO:K04913 ]
387 RHOA; transforming protein RhoA isoform 1 precursor [KO:K04513 ]
3972 LHB; lutropin subunit beta precursor [KO:K08521 ]
3973 LHCGR; lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor precursor [KO:K04248 ]
4158 MC2R; adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor [KO:K04200 ]
4659 PPP1R12A; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A isoform a [KO:K06270 ]
476 ATP1A1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 isoform a [KO:K01539 ] [EC:7.2.2.13 ]
477 ATP1A2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 precursor [KO:K01539 ] [EC:7.2.2.13 ]
4772 NFATC1; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 isoform F [KO:K04446 ]
478 ATP1A3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 isoform 1 [KO:K01539 ] [EC:7.2.2.13 ]
4790 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 2 proprotein [KO:K02580 ]
4792 NFKBIA; NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [KO:K04734 ]
480 ATP1A4; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 isoform 1 [KO:K01539 ] [EC:7.2.2.13 ]
481 ATP1B1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540 ]
482 ATP1B2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 isoform 1 [KO:K01540 ]
483 ATP1B3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 [KO:K01540 ]
4852 NPY; pro-neuropeptide Y preproprotein [KO:K05232 ]
486 FXYD2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma isoform 1 [KO:K01538 ]
487 ATP2A1; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 isoform b [KO:K05853 ] [EC:7.2.2.10 ]
4878 NPPA; natriuretic peptides A preproprotein [KO:K12334 ]
488 ATP2A2; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 isoform b [KO:K05853 ] [EC:7.2.2.10 ]
4886 NPY1R; neuropeptide Y receptor type 1 [KO:K04204 ]
489 ATP2A3; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 isoform a [KO:K05853 ] [EC:7.2.2.10 ]
490 ATP2B1; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1 isoform 1b [KO:K05850 ] [EC:7.2.2.10 ]
491 ATP2B2; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 2 isoform 1 [KO:K05850 ] [EC:7.2.2.10 ]
492 ATP2B3; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 3 isoform 3b [KO:K05850 ] [EC:7.2.2.10 ]
493 ATP2B4; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 4 isoform 4a [KO:K05850 ] [EC:7.2.2.10 ]
5020 OXT; oxytocin-neurophysin 1 preproprotein [KO:K05243 ]
51 ACOX1; peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 isoform b [KO:K00232 ] [EC:1.3.3.6 ]
51196 PLCE1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase epsilon-1 isoform 1 [KO:K05860 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
5139 PDE3A; cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 3A isoform 1 [KO:K19021 ] [EC:3.1.4.17 ]
5140 PDE3B; cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 3B isoform 2 [KO:K13296 ] [EC:3.1.4.17 ]
5144 PDE4D; 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase 4D isoform PDE4D4 [KO:K13293 ] [EC:3.1.4.53 ]
51738 GHRL; appetite-regulating hormone isoform 1 preproprotein [KO:K05254 ]
5290 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
5291 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform 1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
5293 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform 1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
5295 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform 1 [KO:K02649 ]
5296 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
5443 POMC; pro-opiomelanocortin preproprotein [KO:K05228 ]
5465 PPARA; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha isoform 1 [KO:K07294 ]
54714 CNGB3; cyclic nucleotide-gated channel beta-3 [KO:K04953 ]
5499 PPP1CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-alpha catalytic subunit isoform 1 [KO:K06269 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
5500 PPP1CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit isoform 1 [KO:K06269 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
5501 PPP1CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit isoform 1 [KO:K06269 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
5566 PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform Calpha1 [KO:K04345 ] [EC:2.7.11.11 ]
5567 PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform 2 [KO:K04345 ] [EC:2.7.11.11 ]
5604 MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform 1 [KO:K04368 ] [EC:2.7.12.2 ]
5605 MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform 1 [KO:K04369 ] [EC:2.7.12.2 ]
572 BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158 ]
5727 PTCH1; protein patched homolog 1 isoform L [KO:K06225 ]
5732 PTGER2; prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype [KO:K04259 ]
5733 PTGER3; prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype isoform 4 [KO:K04260 ]
5879 RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform Rac1 [KO:K04392 ]
5880 RAC2; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 [KO:K07860 ]
5881 RAC3; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 isoform 1 [KO:K07861 ]
5894 RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform b [KO:K04366 ] [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
5906 RAP1A; ras-related protein Rap-1A precursor [KO:K04353 ]
5908 RAP1B; ras-related protein Rap-1b isoform 1 precursor [KO:K07836 ]
5970 RELA; transcription factor p65 isoform 1 [KO:K04735 ]
610 HCN2; potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 [KO:K04955 ]
627 BDNF; neurotrophic factor BDNF precursor form isoform a preproprotein [KO:K04355 ]
64091 POPDC2; popeye domain-containing protein 2 isoform 1 [KO:K26206 ]
64208 POPDC3; popeye domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K26207 ]
64399 HHIP; hedgehog-interacting protein precursor [KO:K06231 ]
64411 ARAP3; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12490 ]
64764 CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 isoform 1 [KO:K09048 ]
6548 SLC9A1; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 [KO:K05742 ]
6751 SSTR1; somatostatin receptor type 1 [KO:K04217 ]
6752 SSTR2; somatostatin receptor type 2 [KO:K04218 ]
6755 SSTR5; somatostatin receptor type 5 [KO:K04221 ]
7074 TIAM1; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor TIAM1 isoform 1 [KO:K05731 ]
7137 TNNI3; troponin I, cardiac muscle [KO:K12044 ]
7252 TSHB; thyrotropin subunit beta isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05251 ]
7253 TSHR; thyrotropin receptor isoform 1 precursor [KO:K04249 ]
7409 VAV1; proto-oncogene vav isoform 1 [KO:K05730 ]
7410 VAV2; guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV2 isoform 1 [KO:K05730 ]
7432 VIP; VIP peptides isoform 1 preproprotein [KO:K05264 ]
7434 VIPR2; vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor 2 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K04590 ]
775 CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform 18 [KO:K04850 ]
776 CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform b [KO:K04851 ]
778 CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform 1 [KO:K04853 ]
779 CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857 ]
801 CALM1; calmodulin-1 isoform 2 [KO:K02183 ]
805 CALM2; calmodulin-2 isoform 2 [KO:K02183 ]
808 CALM3; calmodulin-3 isoform 1 [KO:K02183 ]
810 CALML3; calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183 ]
814 CAMK4; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV isoform 1 [KO:K05869 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
815 CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform 2 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
816 CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform 1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
817 CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform 3 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
818 CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform 7 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
84152 PPP1R1B; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1B isoform 1 [KO:K15494 ]
84699 CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform a [KO:K09048 ]
84876 ORAI1; calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 [KO:K16056 ]
8503 PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform 1 [KO:K02649 ]
8843 HCAR3; hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3 [KO:K08402 ]
90993 CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 isoform 1 [KO:K09048 ]
91860 CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform 1 [KO:K02183 ]
9568 GABBR2; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2 precursor [KO:K04615 ]
9586 CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform alpha [KO:K09047 ]
Compound C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference Authors Fimia GM, Sassone-Corsi P
Title Cyclic AMP signalling.
Journal J Cell Sci 114:1971-2 (2001)
Reference Authors Serezani CH, Ballinger MN, Aronoff DM, Peters-Golden M
Title Cyclic AMP: master regulator of innate immune cell function.
Journal Reference Authors Oldenburger A, Maarsingh H, Schmidt M
Title Multiple facets of cAMP signalling and physiological impact: cAMP compartmentalization in the lung.
Journal Reference Authors Ahuja M, Jha A, Maleth J, Park S, Muallem S
Title cAMP and Ca signaling in secretory epithelia: Crosstalk and synergism.
Journal Reference Authors Shirshev SV
Title Role of Epac proteins in mechanisms of cAMP-dependent immunoregulation.
Journal Reference Authors Roscioni SS, Elzinga CR, Schmidt M
Title Epac: effectors and biological functions.
Journal Reference Authors Roberts OL, Dart C
Title cAMP signalling in the vasculature: the role of Epac (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP).
Journal Reference Authors Schaub MC, Hefti MA, Zaugg M
Title Integration of calcium with the signaling network in cardiac myocytes.
Journal Reference Authors Triposkiadis F, Karayannis G, Giamouzis G, Skoularigis J, Louridas G, Butler J
Title The sympathetic nervous system in heart failure physiology, pathophysiology, and clinical implications.
Journal Reference Authors Saucerman JJ, McCulloch AD
Title Mechanistic systems models of cell signaling networks: a case study of myocyte adrenergic regulation.
Journal Reference Authors Yang JH, Saucerman JJ
Title Computational models reduce complexity and accelerate insight into cardiac signaling networks.
Journal Reference Authors Taggart P, Boyett MR, Logantha S, Lambiase PD
Title Anger, emotion, and arrhythmias: from brain to heart.
Journal Reference Authors Bozzi Y, Dunleavy M, Henshall DC
Title Cell signaling underlying epileptic behavior.
Journal Reference Authors Lizcano JM, Morrice N, Cohen P
Title Regulation of BAD by cAMP-dependent protein kinase is mediated via phosphorylation of a novel site, Ser155.
Journal Reference Authors Gerlo S, Kooijman R, Beck IM, Kolmus K, Spooren A, Haegeman G
Title Cyclic AMP: a selective modulator of NF-kappaB action.
Journal Reference Authors Lauder JM
Title Neurotransmitters as growth regulatory signals: role of receptors and second messengers.
Journal Reference Authors Voglis G, Tavernarakis N
Title The role of synaptic ion channels in synaptic plasticity.
Journal Reference Authors Altarejos JY, Montminy M
Title CREB and the CRTC co-activators: sensors for hormonal and metabolic signals.
Journal Reference Authors Bozzi Y, Borrelli E
Title The role of dopamine signaling in epileptogenesis.
Journal Reference Authors Ceulemans H, Bollen M
Title Functional diversity of protein phosphatase-1, a cellular economizer and reset button.
Journal Reference Authors Lipinski RJ, Gipp JJ, Zhang J, Doles JD, Bushman W
Title Unique and complimentary activities of the Gli transcription factors in Hedgehog signaling.
Journal Reference Authors Lasala C, Schteingart HF, Arouche N, Bedecarras P, Grinspon RP, Picard JY, Josso N, di Clemente N, Rey RA
Title SOX9 and SF1 are involved in cyclic AMP-mediated upregulation of anti-Mullerian gene expression in the testicular prepubertal Sertoli cell line SMAT1.
Journal Reference Authors Rosenkranz AC, Rauch BH, Freidel K, Schror K
Title Regulation of protease-activated receptor-1 by vasodilatory prostaglandins via NFAT.
Journal Reference Authors Lazennec G, Canaple L, Saugy D, Wahli W
Title Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) by their ligands and protein kinase A activators.
Journal Reference Authors Murthy KS
Title Signaling for contraction and relaxation in smooth muscle of the gut.
Journal Reference Authors Birukova AA, Zagranichnaya T, Alekseeva E, Bokoch GM, Birukov KG
Title Epac/Rap and PKA are novel mechanisms of ANP-induced Rac-mediated pulmonary endothelial barrier protection.
Journal Reference Authors Houslay MD, Milligan G
Title Tailoring cAMP-signalling responses through isoform multiplicity.
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