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hsa05205
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Proteoglycans in cancer
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Many proteoglycans (PGs) in the tumor microenvironment have been shown to be key macromolecules that contribute to biology of various types of cancer including proliferation, adhesion, angiogenesis and ...
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G10505 (Hyaluronic acid)
C00925 (Heparan sulfate)
C00925 (Heparan sulfate)
G13064 (Binding domain for HGF in heparin/heparan sulfate)
G13063 (Binding domain for FGF2 in heparin/heparan sulfate)
C00925 ...
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CD44v3
Tiam1
HER2
RhoA
ROCK
Ankyrin
Cytoskeleton activation
PI3K
AKT
CD44
Lipid Raft
IP3R
CAMKII
Filamin
Cell migration and invasion
PLCε
LARG
NHE-1
Acidic pH
ECM degradation enzyme activation
Gab-1
Ankyrin
Rac1
Cdc42
PAK1
Filamin
Cytoskeleton ...
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hsa05206
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MicroRNAs in cancer
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MicroRNA (miRNA) is a cluster of small non-encoding RNA molecules of 21 - 23 nucleotides in length, which controls gene expression post-transcriptionally either via the degradation of target mRNAs or the ...
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406922 (MIR133A1), 406923 (MIR133A2), 442890 (MIR133B)
993 (CDC25A), 994 (CDC25B), 995 (CDC25C)
599 (BCL2L2), D09935 (Navitoclax (JAN/USAN/INN)), D09936 (Navitoclax dihydrochloride (USAN))
7422 (VEGFA) ...
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MicroRNAs IN CANCER
Lung cancer
Lung epithelial cell
Tumorigenesis
Survival
Invasion / metastasis
(Up-regulated miRNA)
(Down-regulated miRNA)
miR-133
Cdc25
BCL2L2
VEGF-A
Cdk6
Let-7
K-Ras
Cdk6
miR-126
CRK
miR-15/16
miR-107
miR-17-92
miR-29
DNMT3
miR-1
miR-126
miR-125
HMGA2
miR-21
miR-221
miR-222
PTEN
miR-145
miR-1
MCL1
miR-221
miR-222
p27
miR-200c
ZEB1
Esophageal ...
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hsa05207
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Chemical carcinogenesis - receptor activation
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Carcinogenesis is a multistage process that consists of initiation, promotion, and progression stages. Chemicals or environmental factors may act at any of these stages to induce and/or enhance the carcinogenic ...
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C00951 (Estradiol-17beta)
C00951 (Estradiol-17beta)
C00575 (3',5'-Cyclic AMP)
C13624 (Bisphenol A)
C13624 (Bisphenol A)
C06697 (Arsenite), C11906 (Sodium arsenite)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00076 (Calcium ...
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CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS - RECEPTOR ACTIVATION
EGFR
DNA
Ras
Raf
MEK
ERK1/2
DNA
PKA
pCREB
MAPK signaling pathway
DNA
cAMP
c-Src
Grb2
SOS
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
PI3K
Akt
Cell proliferation Transformation ...
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hsa05208
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Chemical carcinogenesis - reactive oxygen species
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It is well established that cancer is a multi-step process which involves initiation, promotion and progression. Chemical carcinogens can alter any of these processes to induce their carcinogenic effects ...
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C10998 (4-Aminobiphenyl)
C03622 (N-Hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl)
C06268 (Chromium)
C06268 (Chromium)
C06268 (Chromium)
C06268 (Chromium)
C06269 (Arsenic)
C06269 (Arsenic)
C07295 (Methanearsonous acid)
C20300 ...
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CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS - REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES
CYP1A2
4-Aminobiphenyl
N-Hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl
Aromatic amines/amides
Metals
Cr(VI)
Cr(V)
Cr(IV)
Cr(III)
As(V)
As(III)
MMA(III)
DMA(III)
Acute myeloid ...
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hsa05210
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Colorectal cancer
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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second largest cause of cancer-related deaths in Western countries. CRC arises from the colorectal epithelium as a result of the accumulation of genetic alterations in defined ...
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C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
1630 (DCC), H00017 (Esophageal cancer), H00020 (Colorectal cancer), H00044 (Cancer of the anal canal), H01287 (Congenital mirror movements), H02450 (Horizontal ...
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DCC
CASP3
TGFβ
PI3K
CASP9
APPL
CASP3
APC
Smad2
TGFβRI
Smad4
hMLH1
hMSH2
K-Ras
Raf
JNK
Axin
Axin
RalGDS
Rac/Rho
Survivin
c-Myc
CyclinD1
APC
MEK
ERK
c-Jun
c-Fos
c-Myc
Cyt c
Bcl-2
p53
TCF/LEF
GSK-3β
GSK-3β
β-catenin
β-catenin
PKB/Akt
Bad
CASP9
hMSH6
Bax
hMSH3
TGFβRII
TGFβRII
Wnt ...
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hsa05211
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Renal cell carcinoma
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Renal cell cancer (RCC) accounts for ~3% of human malignancies and its incidence appears to be rising. Although most cases of RCC seem to occur sporadically, an inherited predisposition to renal cancer ...
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C00007 (Oxygen)
C00149 ((S)-Malate)
C00122 (Fumarate)
C00007 (Oxygen)
5781 (PTPN11), H00523 (Noonan syndrome and related disorders), H01018 (Metachondromatosis), H01738 (Noonan syndrome), H01984 (Leopard ...
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SHP2
TGF-β
VEGF
Glut1
HIF-β
p300/CBP
CUL2
Rbx1
ElonginB
ElonginC
VHL
HPH
HIF-α
Malate
Fumarate
CUL2
Rbx1
ElonginB
ElonginC
TGF-β
TGF-α
PDGF-β
BHD
VEGF
Rac1
Crk
C3G
SOS
Grb2
HPH
VHL
HIF-β
p300/CBP
HIF-α
MET
GAB1
PAK
PDGF-β
Glut1
Rap-1
Cdc42
Ets1
Akt
PI3K
AP1
TGF-α
HGF
RENAL ...
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hsa05212
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Pancreatic cancer
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Infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common malignancy of the pancreas. When most investigators use the term 'pancreatic cancer' they are referring to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). ...
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C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00416 (Phosphatidate)
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
2064 (ERBB2), H00018 (Gastric cancer), H00019 (Pancreatic cancer), H00022 (Bladder ...
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HER2/neu
K-Ras
PI3K
RacGEF
PKB/Akt
Rac
IKK
NFκB
Bad
Bcl-xl
Raf
CASP9
MEK
ERK
RalGDS
Ral
RalBP1
PLD1
JNK
TGFα
EGF
PI3K
Jak1
PKB/Akt
STAT3
STAT1
Bcl-xl
NFκB
VEGF
p16
Cdc42/Rac
CDK4/6
E2F
TGFβ
TGFβRI
TGFβRII
Smad2/3
Smad4
BRCA2
Rad51
Normal ...
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hsa05213
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Endometrial cancer
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Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynaecological malignancy and the fourth most common malignancy in women in the developed world after breast, colorectal and lung cancer. Two types of endometrial ...
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C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
1499 (CTNNB1), H00018 (Gastric cancer), H00020 (Colorectal cancer), H00026 (Endometrial cancer), H00027 (Ovarian cancer), H00032 (Thyroid cancer), H00048 ...
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β-Catenin
β-Catenin
Ras
APC
Axin
GSK-3β
α-Catenin
β-Catenin
Cell cycle
Fkhrl1
BAD
Casp9
ILK
ErbB signaling pathway
Her2/neu
ECAD
TCF/LEF
PTEN
PDK1
Sos
Grb2
Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
PIP
MLH1
Elk-1
GFR
CyclinD1
Adherens ...
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hsa05214
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Glioma
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Gliomas are the most common of the primary brain tumors and account for more than 40% of all central nervous system neoplasms. Gliomas include tumours that are composed predominantly of astrocytes (astrocytomas) ...
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C01245 (D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00165 (Diacylglycerol)
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
C01245 (D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00076 (Calcium ...
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EGF
TGFα
PDGF
IGF-1
EGFR
PDGFR
IGFR
EGF
TGFα
PDGF
IGF-1
EGFR
PDGFR
IGFR
CAM
CAMK
PKC
Shc
Grb2
Sos
Raf
MEK
ERK
PI3K
PKB/Akt
PTEN
mTOR
MDM2
p14
p53
CyclinD1
CDK4/6
p16
E2F
PLCγ
CAM
CAMK
PKC
Shc
Grb2
Sos
Ras
Raf
MEK
PI3K
PKB/Akt
mTOR
CyclinD1
CDK4
E2F
PLCγ
Ras
ARF
p21
INK4a
ERK
PTEN
Cytokine-cytokine ...
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hsa05215
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Prostate cancer
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Prostate cancer constitutes a major health problem in Western countries. It is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among men and the second leading cause of male cancer deaths. The identification of key ...
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C00951 (Estradiol-17beta), C00410 (Progesterone), C07653 (Flutamide), C01227 (Dehydroepiandrosterone), C00280 (Androstenedione), C00735 (Cortisol), C00762 (Cortisone)
C03917 (Dihydrotestosterone)
C00535 ...
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p53 signaling pathway
Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
Steroid hormone biosynthesis
SRD5A2
NFκB
IκB
p27
PTEN
NKX3.1
PSA
BCL2
CyclinD1
TCF/LEF
CBP
Other ligands
Dihydrotestosterone
Testosterone
Carcinogens
MDM2
p21
FKHR
CDK2
β-Catenin
E2F
Ras
p53
GFR
Apoptosis
IKK
BAD
Casp9
CREB
Cyclin ...
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hsa05216
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Thyroid cancer
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Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy and accounts for the majority of endocrine cancer- related deaths each year. More than 95% of thyroid carcinomas are derived from follicular cells ...
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3265 (HRAS), 3845 (KRAS), 4893 (NRAS), H00003 (Acute myeloid leukemia), H00010 (Multiple myeloma), H00014 (Non-small cell lung cancer), H00016 (Oral cancer), H00018 (Gastric cancer), H00019 (Pancreatic ...
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Ras
PPARγ
BRAF
BRAF
ERK
MEK
PPFP
RXR
β-catenin
c-Myc
ECAD
THYROID CANCER
ERK
CyclinD1
MEK
BRAF
Ras
RET/PTC
TRK
TCF/LEF
MAPK signaling pathway
PPAR signaling pathway
p53 signaling pathway
Adherens junction
Wnt ...
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hsa05217
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Basal cell carcinoma
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Cancer of the skin is the most common cancer in Caucasians and basal cell carcinomas (BCC) account for 90% of all skin cancers. The vast majority of BCC cases are sporadic, though there is a rare familial ...
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C00187 (Cholesterol)
374654 (KIF7), H00263 (Acrocallosal syndrome), H00530 (Joubert syndrome and related disorders), H01265 (Hydrolethalus syndrome)
2735 (GLI1), H01852 (Postaxial polydactyly), H02332 ...
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KIF7
Cholesterol
GLI1
PTCH1
BMP
Wnt
SHH
APC
PTCH1
SUFU
Axin
Dvl
Frizzled
BASAL CELL CARCINOMA
GLI
SMO
HIP1
β-catenin
GSK-3β
TCF/LEF
Normal keratinocyte
Basal cell carinoma
Cutaneous keratinocyte
Proliferation
Proliferation ...
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hsa05218
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Melanoma
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Melanoma is a form of skin cancer that has a poor prognosis and which is on the rise in Western populations. Melanoma arises from the malignant transformation of pigment-producing cells, melanocytes. The ...
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C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
673 (BRAF), H00014 (Non-small cell lung cancer), H00020 (Colorectal cancer), H00032 (Thyroid cancer), H00038 (Melanoma), H00523 (Noonan syndrome and related ...
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p53 signaling pathway
Melanogenesis
BRAF
ECAD
Adherens junction
NRAS
CDK4
CyclinD1
MITF
PTEN
RTK
Bad
p14 ARF
p21
PIP
MDM2
p53
E2F
CDK4
CyclinD1
MAPK signaling pathway
PKB/Akt
PI3K
p16 INK4a
MELANOMA
Cell ...
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hsa05219
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Bladder cancer
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The urothelium covers the luminal surface of almost the entire urinary tract, extending from the renal pelvis, through the ureter and bladder, to the proximal urethra. The majority of urothelial carcinoma ...
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3265 (HRAS), H00022 (Bladder cancer), H00025 (Penile cancer), H00030 (Cervical cancer), H00032 (Thyroid cancer), H00040 (Squamous cell carcinoma), H00523 (Noonan syndrome and related disorders), H01470 ...
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Adherens junction
H-Ras
VEGF signaling pathway
ErbB signaling pathway
MMPs
VEGF
IL-8
TSP-1
EGFR
E-cad
ERBB2
p14
p21
c-Myc
RASSF1A
DAPK
MDM2
p53
E2F
FGFR3
CDK4
p53 signaling pathway
CyclinD1
MAPK signaling ...
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hsa05220
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Chronic myeloid leukemia
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Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder of a pluripotent stem cell. The natural history of CML has a triphasic clinical course comprising of an initial chronic phase (CP) ...
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C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
2122 (MECOM), 861 (RUNX1), H00001 (B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia), H00003 (Acute myeloid leukemia), H00004 (Chronic myeloid leukemia), H00867 (Radioulnar ...
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p53 signaling pathway
AML-EVI1
Bcl-xl
Shp2
BCR-ABL
p53
TGF-β signaling pathway
Hematopoietic cell lineage
Apoptosis
TGFβ
HDAC
CtBP
EVI1
MYC
TGFβRII
TGFβRI
STAT5
Smad4
NFκB
IκBα
p27
MDM2
IKK
Bcl-xl
Bad
p14
p21
Sos
Grb2
Shc
Gab2
CRK
CBL
CRKL
PIP
MDM2
p53
E2F
Smad3
CDK4/6
CyclinD1
MAPK ...
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hsa05221
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Acute myeloid leukemia
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Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease that is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of clonal neoplastic cells and accumulation in the bone marrow of blasts with an impaired differentiation program ...
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C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
5914 (RARA), 7704 (ZBTB16), H00003 (Acute myeloid leukemia), H00969 (Skeletal defects, genital hypoplasia, and mental retardation), H02542 (Acute promyelocytic ...
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PLZF-RARα
K-Ras
N-Ras
FLT3
PU.1
C/EBPα
AML1-ETO
Jak-STAT signaling pathway
mTOR signaling pathway
Hematopoietic cell lineage
PPARγ
c-Myc
NFκB
STAT
Plakoglobin
CyclinA1
CyclinD1
TCF
PML-RARα
PU.1
Pim-1
Ras
AML1
Apoptosis
IKK
Bad
Pim-2
C/EBPα
p70S6K
Sos
Grb2
PIP
c-KIT
mTOR
4E-BP1
MAPK ...
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hsa05222
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Small cell lung cancer
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Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death among men and women in industrialized countries. Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is a highly aggressive neoplasm, which accounts for approximately 25% of ...
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C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00777 (Retinoate), C15493 (9-cis-Retinoic acid)
898 (CCNE1), 9134 (CCNE2), H00018 (Gastric cancer), H00055 (Laryngeal cancer)
1017 (CDK2), D02880 (Alvocidib ...
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p53 signaling pathway
CyclinE
CDK2
CyclinD1
Apoptosis
ECM-receptor interaction
Focal adhesion
ITGB
ITGA
Miz1
PIP
Retinoic acid
p27
RXR
RARβ
PKB/Akt
CKS1
CASP9
Apaf-1
Max
Myc
PTEN
PI3K
FAK
FHIT
CytC
ECM
SMALL ...
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hsa05223
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Non-small cell lung cancer
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Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death among men and women in industrialized countries. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of lung cancer and represents a heterogeneous ...
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C00777 (Retinoate), C15493 (9-cis-Retinoic acid)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00165 (Diacylglycerol)
C01245 (D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate)
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3 ...
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PKC
Retinoic acid
DAG
PIP
Forkhead
CASP9
BAD
PKB/Akt
PDK1
PI3K
CDK4/6
CyclinD1
E2F
Ras
PLCγ
TGFα
EGFR
Forkhead
BAD
CASP9
MST1
CyclinD1
ERBB2
EGF
RARβ
PDK1
Sos
Grb2
PIP
RXR
RASSF1
NORE1A
CyclinD1
p16
PKB/Akt
PI3K
FHIT
NON-SMALL ...
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hsa05224
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Breast cancer
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Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. The vast majority of breast cancers are carcinomas that originate from cells lining the milk-forming ducts of the mammary gland ...
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C00951 (Estradiol-17beta)
C00951 (Estradiol-17beta)
C00951 (Estradiol-17beta)
C00951 (Estradiol-17beta)
C00951 (Estradiol-17beta)
C00951 (Estradiol-17beta)
C00410 (Progesterone)
C00410 (Progesterone)
C00410 ...
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BREAST CANCER
EGFR
CoR
Ras
Raf
MEK
ERK1/2
Shc
Grb2
SOS
Estrogen signaling pathway
Jagged
Notch
mTOR
S6K
IGF
IGF1R
HER2
CoR
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
Survival
Proliferation
AP1/SP1
Delta
Notch signaling ...
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hsa05225
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Hepatocellular carcinoma
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major type of primary liver cancer and one of the rare human neoplasms etiologically linked to viral factors. It has been shown that, after HBV/HCV infection and alcohol ...
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C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
C06793 (Vinyl chloride)
C06800 (Aflatoxin B1)
C01471 (Acrolein)
C21642 (4-Hydroxynonenal)
C00533 (Nitric ...
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HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
EGFR
Ras
Raf
MEK
ERK1/2
Shc
Grb2
SOS
mTOR
S6K
IGF-II
IGF1R
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
Ras
Raf
MEK
ERK1/2
Grb2
SOS
mTOR
S6K
PI3K
Akt
PIP3
PTEN
PI3K
Akt
PIP3
CCND1
c-Myc
TCF/LEF
CKIα
Axin
APC
β-catenin
GSK-3β
GBP
Dvl
LRP5/6
Frizzled
Wnt
DNA
Scaffold
Wnt ...
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hsa05226
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Gastric cancer
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Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the world's most common cancers. According to Lauren's histological classification gastric cancer is divided into two distinct histological groups - the intestinal and diffuse ...
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C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00039 (DNA)
C00039 (DNA)
C00777 (Retinoate), C15493 (9-cis-Retinoic acid)
3265 (HRAS), 3845 (KRAS), ...
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GASTRIC CANCER
Ras
Raf
MEK
ERK1/2
Shc
Grb2
SOS
mTOR
S6K
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
Ras
Raf
MEK
ERK1/2
Grb2
SOS
mTOR
PI3K
Akt
PIP3
PI3K
Akt
PIP3
CCND1
c-Myc
TCF/LEF
CKIα
Axin
APC
β-catenin
GSK-3β
GBP
Dvl
LRP5/6
Frizzled
Wnt
DNA
Scaffold
Wnt ...
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hsa05230
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Central carbon metabolism in cancer
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Malignant transformation of cells requires specific adaptations of cellular metabolism to support growth and survival. In the early twentieth century, Otto Warburg established that there are fundamental ...
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C00031 (D-Glucose)
C00092 (D-Glucose 6-phosphate)
C00022 (Pyruvate)
C00031 (D-Glucose)
C00064 (L-Glutamine)
C00025 (L-Glutamate)
C00186 ((S)-Lactate)
C00031 (D-Glucose)
C00092 (D-Glucose 6-phosphate)
C00022 ...
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CENTRAL CARBON METABOLISM IN CANCER
GLUT1/2
Glucose
G6P
Pyruvate
Glucose
GCK
Glutamine
Glutamate
Lactate
MCT4
GLUT1/2
Glucose
Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
G6P
Pyruvate
Glucose
GCK
Acetyl CoA
Oxaloacetate
Normal ...
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hsa05231
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Choline metabolism in cancer
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Abnormal choline metabolism is emerging as a metabolic hallmark that is associated with oncogenesis and tumour progression. Following transformation, oncogenic signalling via pathways such as the RAS and ...
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C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00114 (Choline)
C00114 (Choline)
C00588 (Choline phosphate)
C00307 (CDP-choline)
C00157 (Phosphatidylcholine)
C04230 (1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine)
C00670 ...
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JNK
ERK1/2
SOS
Ras
MEK1/2
Raf
Akt
P13K
PDK1
PIP
CHOLINE METABOLISM IN CANCER
MAPK signaling pathway
DNA
RTK
Grb2
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
Transporter
CHK
PC-PLC
CHPT1
CCT
LYPLA1
PLA2
Choline
Choline
PCho
CDP-Cho
Ptd ...
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hsa05235
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PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer
|
Programmed cell death 1 (PD1) and its ligand (PDL1) are key regulatory physiological immune checkpoints that maintain self-tolerance in the organism by regulating the degree of activation of T and B cells ...
|
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C01245 (D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate)
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4 ...
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PIP
IκB
NFκB
IKK
AKT
PI3K
RasGRP1
Ras
AP1
NFAT
CaN
PLC-γ1
ZAP70
CD3ε
CD3δ
TCRβ
TCRα
CD3ζ
CD3ζ
CD3γ
CD3ε
LCK
SHP1/2
PD-1
Cell adhesion molecules
PD-L1 EXPRESSION AND PD-1 CHECKPOINT PATHWAY IN ...
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hsa05310
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Asthma
|
Asthma is a complex syndrome with many clinical phenotypes in both adults and children. Its major characteristics include a variable degree of airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and airway ...
|
C00388 (Histamine)
C02166 (Leukotriene C4)
C00696 (Prostaglandin D2)
C04598 (2-Acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine)
C05951 (Leukotriene D4)
C04598 (2-Acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine)
C05951 ...
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Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
Jak-STAT signaling pathway
FcεRI signaling pathway
T cell receptor signaling pathway
MHCII
TCR
CD40L
CD40
TCR
MHCII
IL-10
IL-9
APC
O cell
2 cell
B cell
Mast cell
FcεRI
FcεRI
Allergen
IL-4
IL-4
IL-13
ECP
MBP
IgE
Eosinophil
(Lung) ...
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hsa05320
|
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Autoimmune thyroid disease
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The classification of autoimmune throid disease (AITD) includes Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) or chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and its variants, Graves' disease (GD) and autoimmune atrophic thyroiditis ...
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C01382 (Iodine)
D00636 (Amiodarone hydrochloride (JP18/USP))
C02465 (Triiodothyronine)
C01829 (Thyroxine)
3108 (HLA-DMA), 3109 (HLA-DMB), 3111 (HLA-DOA), 3112 (HLA-DOB), 3113 (HLA-DPA1), 3115 (HLA-DPB1) ...
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T cell receptor signaling pathway
MHCII
TCR
CD40L
CD40
TCR
MHCII
APC
B cell
Antigen processing and presentation
Cell adhesion molecules
B cell receptor signaling pathway
BCR
AUTOIMMUNE THYROID DISEASE
Environmental ...
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hsa05321
|
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Inflammatory bowel disease
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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to environmental and genetic ...
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7097 (TLR2), H00342 (Tuberculosis), H00344 (Leprosy), D11503 (Tomaralimab (USAN))
4790 (NFKB1), 5970 (RELA), H00088 (Common variable immunodeficiency), H02593 (Chronic mucocutaneous ulceration), D01146 ...
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INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
APC
TLR2
NF-κB
DNA
NOD2
MDP
PGN
TLR5
Flagellin
TLR2
Peptidoglycans
Lipopolysaccharides
NF-κB
TNF-α
Inflammation
Toll-like receptor signaing pathway
DNA
IL-23
TGF-β
IL-6
O cell
MHCII
TCR
IL-12
IFN-γ
IL-12Rβ1
STAT4
IFN-γR
STAT1
T-bet
IFN-γ
Th1 ...
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hsa05322
|
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Systemic lupus erythematosus
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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease characterised by the production of IgG autoantibodies that are specific for self-antigens, such as DNA, nuclear proteins and certain ...
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C00027 (Hydrogen peroxide)
C00434 (Double-stranded DNA)
C02737 (Phosphatidylserine)
102723407 (IGH), D05994 (Talizumab (USAN/INN))
2209 (FCGR1A), 2212 (FCGR2A), 2214 (FCGR3A), 2215 (FCGR3B), H00080 (Systemic ...
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BCR
FcγR
FcγR
IgG
IgG
IgG
IgG
Elastase
Cathepsin
C1s
C1q
C1r
MAC
TNF-α
IFN-γ
IL-10
C1q
C1q
CD80/86
CD28
MHCII
TCR
MHCII
TCR
CD40L
CD40
T cell receptor signaling pathway
Cell adhesion molecules
Antigen ...
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hsa05323
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Rheumatoid arthritis
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune joint disease where persistent inflammation affects bone remodeling leading to progressive bone destruction. In RA, abnormal activation of the immune system ...
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C05443 (Vitamin D3)
C00584 (Prostaglandin E2)
C00080 (H+)
8600 (TNFSF11), H00436 (Osteopetrosis), H01470 (Giant cell tumor of bone), D03684 (Denosumab (USAN))
8792 (TNFRSF11A), H00436 (Osteopetrosis), ...
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Th17 cell
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
RANKL
RANK
Osteoclast differentiation
RANKL
IL17
IL1
TNFα
IL6
IL23
IL6
Vitamin D3
PGE
Synovial macrophage
Synovial fibroblast
Osteoblast
Osteoclast
Bone
Synovium
Self-reactive ...
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hsa05330
|
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Allograft rejection
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Allograft rejection is the consequence of the recipient's alloimmune response to nonself antigens expressed by donor tissues. After transplantation of organ allografts, there are two pathways of antigen ...
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C00533 (Nitric oxide)
3558 (IL2), H00084 (Graft-versus-host disease), H00408 (Type 1 diabetes mellitus), D12625 (Pegenzileukin (USAN/INN)), D12791 (Eciskafusp alfa (USAN/INN)), D12850 (Imneskibart (USAN))
3108 ...
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IL-2
T cell receptor signaling pathway
MHCII
TCR
Recipient APC
Antigen processing and presentation
Cell adhesion molecules
B cell receptor signaling pathway
ALLOGRAFT REJECTION
TCR
CD40L
CD40
TCR
MHCII
Donor ...
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hsa05332
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Graft-versus-host disease
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Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a lethal complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) where immunocompetent donor T cells attack the genetically disparate host cells. GVHD ...
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C00533 (Nitric oxide)
C00338 (Lipopolysaccharide)
3108 (HLA-DMA), 3109 (HLA-DMB), 3111 (HLA-DOA), 3112 (HLA-DOB), 3113 (HLA-DPA1), 3115 (HLA-DPB1), 3117 (HLA-DQA1), 3118 (HLA-DQA2), 3119 (HLA-DQB1), 3122 ...
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Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
T cell receptor signaling pathway
MHCII
TCR
Host APC
Antigen processing and presentation
Cell adhesion molecules
GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE
Fas
Donor CTL
FasL
TCR
MHCI
GZMB
Perforin
Apoptosis
Natural ...
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hsa05340
|
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Primary immunodeficiency
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Primary immunodeficiencies (PIs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders, which affect cellular and humoral immunity or non-specific host defense mechanisms mediated by complement proteins, and cells such ...
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6890 (TAP1), H00984 (Bare lymphocyte syndrome type1)
958 (CD40), H00086 (Hyper IgM syndromes, autosomal recessive type), H00093 (Combined immunodeficiency), D06071 (Teneliximab (USAN/INN)), D08896 (Dacetuzumab ...
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T cell receptor signaling pathway
Hematopoietic cell lineage
B cell receptor signaling pathway
PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY
B cell
TAP1
CD4+ T cell
CD8+ T cell
CD40
CD40L
Autosomal recessive agammaglobulinaemia
HIGM ...
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hsa05410
|
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary myocardial disorder with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance that is characterized by hypertrophy of the left ventricles with histological features ...
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C00002 (ATP)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C01330 (Sodium cation)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
10368 (CACNG3), 10369 (CACNG2), 27091 (CACNG5) ...
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HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
DHPR
RyR
SERCA2a
NCX
Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
T-tubule
Cardiac muscle contraction
ITGA
ITGB
α-DAG
β-DAG
Laminin
ECM-receptor interaction
Extracellular matrix (ECM)
Sarcolemma
Nucleus
Emerin
LaminA/C
TnI
TnC
TnT
TPM
DMD
ACTC1
Sarcomere
MYL2
Titin
Sarcoglycan ...
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hsa05412
|
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Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
|
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited heart muscle disease that may result in arrhythmia, heart failure, and sudden death. The hallmark pathological findings are progressive ...
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C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C01330 (Sodium cation)
10368 (CACNG3), 10369 (CACNG2), 27091 (CACNG5), 27092 (CACNG4), 55799 (CACNA2D3), ...
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ARRHYTHMOGENIC RIGHT VENTRICULAR CARDIOMYOPATHY
DHPR
RyR2
SERCA2a
NCX
Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
T-tubule
Cardiac muscle contraction
α-DAG
β-DAG
Laminin
ECM-receptor interaction
Extracellular matrix ...
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hsa05414
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Dilated cardiomyopathy
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Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a heart muscle disease characterised by dilation and impaired contraction of the left or both ventricles that results in progressive heart failure and sudden cardiac death ...
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C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C01330 (Sodium cation)
C00575 (3',5'-Cyclic AMP)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
10368 (CACNG3), 10369 (CACNG2), ...
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DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY
DHPR
RyR
SERCA2a
NCX
Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
T-tubule
Cardiac muscle contraction
ITGA
ITGB
α-DAG
β-DAG
Laminin
ECM-receptor interaction
Extracellular matrix (ECM)
Sarcolemma
Nucleus
Emerin
LaminA/C
TnI
TnC
TnT
TPM
DMD
ACTC1
Sarcomere
MYL3
Titin
Sarcoglycan ...
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hsa05415
|
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Diabetic cardiomyopathy
|
Diabetic cardiomyopathy has been defined as left ventricular dysfunction that occurs among patients with diabetes mellitus independent of a recognized cause such as coronary artery disease or hypertension ...
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C00162 (Fatty acid)
C00162 (Fatty acid)
C02843 (Long-chain acyl-CoA)
C00165 (Diacylglycerol)
C00195 (N-Acylsphingosine)
C00031 (D-Glucose)
C00031 (D-Glucose)
C00043 (UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine)
C00092 ...
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FFA
FFA
LCFA-CoA
DAG
PKCα/δ
FAT/CD36
Cer
PP2A
DIABETIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
PKCβ
Glucose
Glucose
UDP-GlcNAc
Glc-6P
Frc-6P
GFAT
GlcN-6P
GlcN-1P
Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism
AGT
PPAR-α
PPAR signaling ...
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hsa05416
|
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Viral myocarditis
|
Myocarditis is a cardiac disease associated with inflammation and injury of the myocardium. It results from various etiologies, both noninfectious and infectious, but coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is still ...
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1605 (DAG1), H00120 (Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy type A), H00593 (Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy), H01959 (Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy type C), H02307 (Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy)
1605 ...
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VIRAL MYOCARDITIS
Cardiac muscle contraction
α-DAG
β-DAG
Laminin
ECM-receptor interaction
Extracellular matrix (ECM)
Sarcolemma
DMD
Dystrophin
Sarcomere
Sarcoglycan complex
Dystroglycan complex
Cardiac ...
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hsa05417
|
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Lipid and atherosclerosis
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Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease marked by a narrowing of the arteries from lipid-rich plaques present within the walls of arterial blood vessels. It represents the root cause of the majority ...
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C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
C21011 ([Protein]-N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine), C21012 ([Protein]-N(epsilon)-(carboxyethyl)lysine), C21013 ([Protein]-pyrraline), C21014 ([Protein]-pentosidine)
C01245 ...
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PIP
AKT
PDK1
PI3K
p53 signaling pathway
LIPID AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS
GSK3β
p53
Apoptosis
Apoptosis
Fat digestion and absorption
LOX-1
RAGE
PI3K-AKT signaling pathway
AGEs
PLC
IP3
ROS
Calcium signaling pathway
Ras
ERK
ARHGEF1
ROCK2
MMP1
Rho
PIP
AKT
PI3K
BAD
Bcl-xL
Bcl-2
Fluid ...
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hsa05418
|
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Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis
|
Shear stress represents the frictional force that the flow of blood exerts at the endothelial surface of the vessel wall and plays a central role in vascular biology and contributes to the progress of ...
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C16845 (Peroxynitrite)
C00533 (Nitric oxide)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00704 (Superoxide)
C00533 (Nitric oxide)
C00272 (Tetrahydrobiopterin)
C00925 (Heparan sulfate), C00607 (Chondroitin sulfate), C00518 ...
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FLUID SHEAR STRESS AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS
ONOO
MAPK signaling pathway
p38
VCAM-1
ICAM-1
AP-1
Akt
PI3K-AKT signaling pathway
JNK
PI3K
MCP-1
Anti-Atherogenesis
Stable blood flow
Disturbed blood flow
Low ...
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map07011
|
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Penicillins
|
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D00660 (Tazobactam (JP18/USP/INN)), D03707 (Tazobactam sodium (JAN/USAN))
D02339 (Azlocillin (USAN/INN))
D02199 (Carbenicillin phenyl sodium (USAN))
D07621 (Carindacillin (INN)), D01283 (Carbenicillin ...
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Tazobactam
Azlocillin
Carfecillin
Carindacillin
Lenampicillin
Pivmecillinam
Amoxicillin
Ciclacillin
Aspoxicillin
Mezlocillin
Sulbenicillin
Ticarcillin
Carbenicillin
Bacampicillin
Pivampicillin
Piperacillin ...
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