Ligases;
Forming carbon-nitrogen bonds;
Acid-D-amino-acid ligases (peptide synthases)
BRITE hierarchy

D-alanine:D-serine ligase (ADP-forming)

D-alanine + D-serine + ATP = D-alanyl-D-serine + ADP + phosphate [RN:R09595]

R09595
Reaction

D-alanine [CPD:C00133];
D-serine [CPD:C00740];
ATP [CPD:C00002]

The product of this enzyme, D-alanyl-D-serine, can be incorporated into the peptidoglycan pentapeptide instead of the usual D-alanyl-D-alanine dipeptide, which is formed by EC 6.3.2.4, D-alanine---D-alanine ligase. The resulting peptidoglycan does not bind the glycopeptide antibiotics vancomycin and teicoplanin, conferring resistance on the bacteria.

EC 6.3.2.35 created 2010

1  [PMID:1551598]

Dutka-Malen S, Molinas C, Arthur M, Courvalin P

Sequence of the vanC gene of Enterococcus gallinarum BM4174 encoding a D-alanine:D-alanine ligase-related protein necessary for vancomycin resistance.

Gene 112:53-8 (1992)
DOI:10.1016/0378-1119(92)90302-6

[ag:AAA24786]

2  [PMID:9294159]

Park IS, Lin CH, Walsh CT

Bacterial resistance to vancomycin: overproduction, purification, and characterization of VanC2 from Enterococcus casseliflavus as a D-Ala-D-Ser ligase.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94:10040-4 (1997)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.94.19.10040

3  [PMID:10471558]

Fines M, Perichon B, Reynolds P, Sahm DF, Courvalin P

VanE, a new type of acquired glycopeptide resistance in Enterococcus faecalis BM4405.

Antimicrob Agents Chemother 43:2161-4 (1999)
DOI:10.1128/AAC.43.9.2161

4  [PMID:14617152]

Depardieu F, Bonora MG, Reynolds PE, Courvalin P

The vanG glycopeptide resistance operon from Enterococcus faecalis revisited.

Mol Microbiol 50:931-48 (2003)
DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03737.x

5  [PMID:19216682]

Watanabe S, Kobayashi N, Quinones D, Hayakawa S, Nagashima S, Uehara N, Watanabe N

Genetic diversity of the low-level vancomycin resistance gene vanC-2/vanC-3 and identification of a novel vanC subtype (vanC-4) in Enterococcus casseliflavus.

Microb Drug Resist 15:1-9 (2009)
DOI:10.1089/mdr.2009.0856