KEGG   ENZYME: 1.1.1.365
Entry
EC 1.1.1.365                Enzyme                                 
Name
D-galacturonate reductase;
GalUR;
gar1 (gene name)
Class
Oxidoreductases;
Acting on the CH-OH group of donors;
With NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor
Sysname
L-galactonate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
Reaction(IUBMB)
L-galactonate + NADP+ = D-galacturonate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R07676]
Reaction(KEGG)
R07676
Substrate
L-galactonate [CPD:C15930];
NADP+ [CPD:C00006]
Product
D-galacturonate [CPD:C00333];
NADPH [CPD:C00005];
H+ [CPD:C00080]
Comment
The enzyme from plants is involved in ascorbic acid (vitamin C) biosynthesis [1,2]. The enzyme from the fungus Trichoderma reesei (Hypocrea jecorina) is involved in a eukaryotic degradation pathway of D-galacturonate. It is also active with D-glucuronate and glyceraldehyde [3]. Neither enzyme shows any activity with NADH.
History
EC 1.1.1.365 created 2013
Pathway
ec00040  Pentose and glucuronate interconversions
ec00053  Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism
ec01100  Metabolic pathways
Orthology
K19634  D-galacturonate reductase
K19642  D-galacturonate reductase
Genes
TCC: 18609968 18609969 18609970
GRA: 105794339
GHI: 107909951 107948305
GAB: 108488709
HSYR: 120124831
DZI: 111287841 111318131
EGR: 104432997
RARG: 115727805 115727814
QSA: O6P43_026045
FVE: 101312822
AANS: 126791378
RCN: 112179335 112180478 112197683
PPER: 18792656
PMUM: 103320996 103320997
PAVI: 110762797 110762798
PDUL: 117615044
MDM: 103403467 103403490 114820654
MSYL: 126597321 126606293 126608385
PXB: 103943126 103943129
PCOX: 137731748 137731749 137736573
CSAV: 115723940
CSV: 101206206 101220899 105434417
CMO: 103485931 103504508 127151316
BHJ: 120079163 120082065
MCHA: 111023026
CMAX: 111487459
CMOS: 111447573
CPEP: 111776980
MEAN: 126680207
HBR: 110634149
MESC: 110604780 110605509
JRE: 108996990
CILL: 122309300
QSU: 112039299 136062987
QLO: 115979225 115982098
TWL: 120013951
VVI: 100233130 100254148
VRI: 117912187 117914996 117915195
SLY: 101256763
SPEN: 107016409
SOT: 102586306
SSTN: 125856242 125856604
SDUL: 129869902
LBB: 132614896
NTA: 107770207 107822373
NSY: 104245176
NAU: 109216145
INI: 109166850
ITR: 116003821
SIND: 105160165 105160170 105160182
OEU: 111399339
EGT: 105954242
SSPL: 121793704 121798253 121807646
SMIL: 130993240
SHIS: 125204589 125212614
APAN: 127244994
PEBU: 140809318 140841874
HAN: 110870024 110872872 110872873 110872885 110872886 110894612 110894613 110894616 110894617
ECAD: 122578637 122581227 122586087 122608799 122610221
LSV: 111905193 111918309 111918314
CSIN: 114311083
RVL: 131301271 131301441
AEW: 130756771 130766070 130781069 130781622 130795620
DLT: 127809200
MOF: 131153318
NNU: 104588465
MING: 122078230
PSOM: 113293294 113360647
NCR: NCU01906
NTE: NEUTE1DRAFT126627(NEUTE1DRAFT_126627)
SMP: 10806512(SMAC4_06811)
PAN: PODANSg077
PBEL: QC761_121080(GAR1_1)
PPSD: QC762_121080(GAR1_1)
PPSP: QC763_121080(GAR1_1)
PPSA: QC764_121080(GAR1_1)
TTT: THITE_2111398
MTM: MYCTH_110022
CTHR: CTHT_0011490
RTHE: 98122374(VTJ83DRAFT_1558)
MGR: MGG_02921
PPEI: PpBr36_09319
PGRI: PgNI_10451
TMN: UCRPA7_7443
SSCK: SPSK_06425
FGR: FGSG_08941
FPU: FPSE_08888
FPOA: FPOAC1_005103(GAR1)
FVN: FVRRES_05631
FVR: FVEG_02550
FOX: FOXG_03675
NHE: NECHADRAFT_67734
FFC: NCS54_00441100
FKR: NCS57_00448000
FMU: J7337_008889(GAR1_2)
TRE: TRIREDRAFT_22004(gar1)
TRR: M419DRAFT_140803
TATV: 25781814(TrAtP1_002151)
TASP: 36607497(GAR1_1)
MAW: 19252904(GAR1_6)
MAJ: MAA_08724
MBRN: 26243754(gar1_1)
PCHM: VFPPC_06692
CMT: CCM_06560
AMUS: LMH87_001790
PLJ: 28892593(PLICBS_006383)
PTKZ: JDV02_008185(GAR1_2)
VAL: VDBG_01939
VDA: VDAG_04951
CFJ: CFIO01_08025
CLUP: CLUP02_14820
CHIG: CH63R_10014
CDET: 87938679(CDEST_02176) 87951139(CDEST_14639)
SAPO: SAPIO_CDS5111
ELA: UCREL1_6384
PFY: PFICI_07059
BFU: BCIN_06g04660(Bcgar1)
MBE: MBM_07852
PSCO: LY89DRAFT_621151
GLZ: GLAREA_12027
ANI: ANIA_05986
AFM: AFUA_2G10220
ACT: ACLA_069240
NFI: NFIA_085610
AOR: AO090011000614
ANG: An16g04770
AFV: AFLA_008017
ALUC: AKAW2_70408S(GAR1_2)
ACHE: ACHE_40996S(GAR1_2)
APUU: APUU_11031S(GAR1_1)
PCS: N7525_004331
PDP: PDIP_64420
POU: POX_f07916
TMF: EYB26_003473
TRG: TRUGW13939_01503 TRUGW13939_07843
CIM: CIMG_04373
CPW: 9697318(GAR1_2)
URE: UREG_01614
PNO: SNOG_07475
PTE: PTT_19219
PTRR: 6344358(PtrM4_101730)
BZE: COCCADRAFT_2924
BSC: COCSADRAFT_32054
BOR: COCMIDRAFT_879
AALT: CC77DRAFT_451953
ADAC: 96089223(ACET3X_008901)
ARAB: EKO05_0006326
ZTR: MYCGRDRAFT_98587
PFJ: MYCFIDRAFT_85826
FFU: CLAFUR5_00543
CBET: CB0940_01403
BCOM: BAUCODRAFT_518265
NPA: UCRNP2_8170
TML: GSTUM_00008536001
 » show all
Reference
1  [PMID:13363799]
  Authors
ISHERWOOD FA, MAPSON LW
  Title
Biological synthesis of ascorbic acid: the conversion of derivatives of D-galacturonic acid into L-ascorbic acid by plant extracts.
  Journal
Biochem J 64:13-22 (1956)
DOI:10.1042/bj0640013
Reference
2  [PMID:12524550]
  Authors
Agius F, Gonzalez-Lamothe R, Caballero JL, Munoz-Blanco J, Botella MA, Valpuesta V
  Title
Engineering increased vitamin C levels in plants by overexpression of a D-galacturonic acid reductase.
  Journal
Nat Biotechnol 21:177-81 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nbt777
  Sequence
[ag:AAB97005]
Reference
3  [PMID:16101307]
  Authors
Kuorelahti S, Kalkkinen N, Penttila M, Londesborough J, Richard P
  Title
Identification in the mold Hypocrea jecorina of the first fungal D-galacturonic acid reductase.
  Journal
Biochemistry 44:11234-40 (2005)
DOI:10.1021/bi050792f
  Sequence
[ag:AAX54673]
Reference
4  [PMID:18768163]
  Authors
Martens-Uzunova ES, Schaap PJ
  Title
An evolutionary conserved d-galacturonic acid metabolic pathway operates across filamentous fungi capable of pectin degradation.
  Journal
Fungal Genet Biol 45:1449-57 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.fgb.2008.08.002
Other DBs
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 1.1.1.365
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature: 1.1.1.365
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 1.1.1.365
BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: 1.1.1.365
LinkDB

DBGET integrated database retrieval system