KEGG   ENZYME: 1.1.1.365
Entry
EC 1.1.1.365                Enzyme                                 
Name
D-galacturonate reductase;
GalUR;
gar1 (gene name)
Class
Oxidoreductases;
Acting on the CH-OH group of donors;
With NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor
Sysname
L-galactonate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
Reaction(IUBMB)
L-galactonate + NADP+ = D-galacturonate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R07676]
Reaction(KEGG)
R07676
Substrate
L-galactonate [CPD:C15930];
NADP+ [CPD:C00006]
Product
D-galacturonate [CPD:C00333];
NADPH [CPD:C00005];
H+ [CPD:C00080]
Comment
The enzyme from plants is involved in ascorbic acid (vitamin C) biosynthesis [1,2]. The enzyme from the fungus Trichoderma reesei (Hypocrea jecorina) is involved in a eukaryotic degradation pathway of D-galacturonate. It is also active with D-glucuronate and glyceraldehyde [3]. Neither enzyme shows any activity with NADH.
History
EC 1.1.1.365 created 2013
Pathway
ec00040  Pentose and glucuronate interconversions
ec00053  Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism
ec01100  Metabolic pathways
Orthology
K19634  D-galacturonate reductase
K19642  D-galacturonate reductase
Genes
TCC: 18609968 18609969 18609970
GRA: 105794339
GHI: 107909951 107948305
GAB: 108488709
DZI: 111287841 111318131
EGR: 104432997
FVE: 101312822
RCN: 112179335 112180478 112197683
PPER: 18792656
PMUM: 103320996 103320997
PAVI: 110762797 110762798
PDUL: 117615044
MDM: 103403467 103403490 114820654
PXB: 103943126 103943129
CSV: 101206206 101220899 105434417
CMO: 103485931 103504508
BHJ: 120079163 120082065
MCHA: 111023026
CMAX: 111487459
CMOS: 111447573
CPEP: 111776980
HBR: 110634149
MESC: 110604780 110605509
JRE: 108996990
QSU: 112039299 112039897
QLO: 115979225 115982098
TWL: 120013951
VVI: 100233130 100254148
VRI: 117912187 117914996 117915195
SLY: 101256763
SPEN: 107016409
SOT: 102586306
SSTN: 125856242 125856604
NTA: 107770207 107822373
NSY: 104245176
NTO: 104110610
NAU: 109216145
INI: 109166850
ITR: 116003821
SIND: 105160165 105160170 105160182
OEU: 111399339
EGT: 105954242
SSPL: 121793704 121798253 121807646
HAN: 110870024 110872872 110872873 110872885 110872886 110894612 110894613 110894616 110894617
ECAD: 122578637 122581227 122586087 122608799 122610221
LSV: 111905193 111918309 111918314
CSIN: 114311083
NNU: 104588465
MING: 122078230
PSOM: 113293294 113360647
TRE: TRIREDRAFT_22004(gar1)
CHIG: CH63R_10014
 » show all
Reference
1  [PMID:13363799]
  Authors
ISHERWOOD FA, MAPSON LW
  Title
Biological synthesis of ascorbic acid: the conversion of derivatives of D-galacturonic acid into L-ascorbic acid by plant extracts.
  Journal
Biochem J 64:13-22 (1956)
DOI:10.1042/bj0640013
Reference
2  [PMID:12524550]
  Authors
Agius F, Gonzalez-Lamothe R, Caballero JL, Munoz-Blanco J, Botella MA, Valpuesta V
  Title
Engineering increased vitamin C levels in plants by overexpression of a D-galacturonic acid reductase.
  Journal
Nat Biotechnol 21:177-81 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nbt777
  Sequence
[ag:AAB97005]
Reference
3  [PMID:16101307]
  Authors
Kuorelahti S, Kalkkinen N, Penttila M, Londesborough J, Richard P
  Title
Identification in the mold Hypocrea jecorina of the first fungal D-galacturonic acid reductase.
  Journal
Biochemistry 44:11234-40 (2005)
DOI:10.1021/bi050792f
  Sequence
[ag:AAX54673]
Reference
4  [PMID:18768163]
  Authors
Martens-Uzunova ES, Schaap PJ
  Title
An evolutionary conserved d-galacturonic acid metabolic pathway operates across filamentous fungi capable of pectin degradation.
  Journal
Fungal Genet Biol 45:1449-57 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.fgb.2008.08.002
Other DBs
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 1.1.1.365
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature: 1.1.1.365
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 1.1.1.365
BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: 1.1.1.365
LinkDB

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