KEGG   ENZYME: 1.21.4.4
Entry
EC 1.21.4.4                 Enzyme                                 
Name
betaine reductase;
acetyl-phosphate trimethylamine:thioredoxin disulfide oxidoreductase (N,N,N-trimethylglycine-forming)
Class
Oxidoreductases;
Catalysing the reaction X-H + Y-H = X-Y;
With a disulfide as acceptor
Sysname
acetyl-phosphate trimethylamine:thioredoxin disulfide oxidoreductase (betaine-forming)
Reaction(IUBMB)
acetyl phosphate + trimethylamine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = betaine + phosphate + thioredoxin [RN:R07228]
Reaction(KEGG)
R07228
Substrate
acetyl phosphate [CPD:C00227];
trimethylamine [CPD:C00565];
thioredoxin disulfide [CPD:C00343];
H2O [CPD:C00001]
Product
betaine [CPD:C00719];
phosphate [CPD:C00009];
thioredoxin [CPD:C00342]
Comment
The reaction is observed only in the direction of betaine reduction. The enzyme from Eubacterium acidaminophilum consists of subunits A, B and C. Subunit B contains selenocysteine and a pyruvoyl group, and is responsible for betaine binding and trimethylamine release. Subunit A, which also contains selenocysteine, is reduced by thioredoxin, and is needed to convert the carboxymethyl group into a ketene equivalent, in turn used by subunit C to produce acetyl phosphate. Only subunit B distinguishes this enzyme from EC 1.21.4.2 (glycine reductase) and EC 1.21.4.3 (sarcosine reductase).
History
EC 1.21.4.4 created 2003, modified 2010
Orthology
K10670  glycine/sarcosine/betaine reductase complex component A
K21576  glycine/sarcosine/betaine reductase complex component C subunit alpha
K21577  glycine/sarcosine/betaine reductase complex component C subunit beta
K21578  betaine reductase complex component B subunit alpha
K21579  betaine reductase complex component B subunit beta
Genes
EFEEFER_3016 EFER_3017 EFER_3018 EFER_3019
YREHEC60_09240 HEC60_09250
MTHIC7M52_00974(grdA_1) C7M52_00975(grdA_2) C7M52_00976(grdC) C7M52_00977(grdD) C7M52_04027(grdH_2) C7M52_04028(grdI)
PPRPBPRB1546(PLSX2) PBPRB1547(FABH4) PBPRB1548 PBPRB1549
PGBH744_1c1273 H744_1c1274 H744_1c1275 H744_1c1276
EEINX720_06245(grdD) NX720_06250(grdC) NX720_06255(grdA)
DDSDdes_0115 Ddes_0116 Ddes_0118
DFIAXF13_12700 AXF13_12705 AXF13_12715 AXF13_12720
DPGDESPIGER_2436 DESPIGER_2442 DESPIGER_2443 DESPIGER_2445
DEFCNY67_00630 CNY67_00635 CNY67_00645
DMSE8L03_00885 E8L03_00890 E8L03_00900
DEOCAY53_05570
SATSYN_00806 SYN_03718
DTIDesti_4380 Desti_4381 Desti_4382
GSAFOC50_03350 FOC50_03355 FOC50_03365
GHANCTC10459_00126(grdA) NCTC10459_00127(grdA1) NCTC10459_00130(grdC) NCTC10459_00131(grdD)
FFELSG31_13705 LSG31_13715 LSG31_13850 LSG31_13860
EGVEGCR1_16400 EGCR1_16405 EGCR1_16410 EGCR1_16415 EGCR1_16420
EAVEH197_03915 EH197_03920 EH197_03925 EH197_03930 EH197_03935 EH197_13830 EH197_13850 EH197_13855
ERAFJ9537_06215 J9537_06240 J9537_06245 J9537_19265 J9537_19270 J9537_19275 J9537_19280 J9537_19285
VAHG7081_06145 G7081_06150 G7081_06155 G7081_06175
VCPH9L18_11775 H9L18_11780 H9L18_11785 H9L18_11805
VHYG7082_08775 G7082_08795 G7082_08800 G7082_08805
VIEOL234_04030(grdA) OL234_04055(grdD)
FHMR0V13_06230(grdD) R0V13_06235(grdC) R0V13_06240(grdA)
DPMFNV33_08365 FNV33_08370 FNV33_08385
DSTVUQ06_05275(grdA) VUQ06_05290(grdC) VUQ06_05295(grdD)
CBOCBO1261(grdA) CBO1263(grdC) CBO1264(grdD)
CBACLB_1290(grdA) CLB_1291(grdC) CLB_1292(grdD)
CBHCLC_1301(grdC) CLC_1302(grdD)
CBYCLM_1420(grdA) CLM_1421(grdA) CLM_1422(grdC) CLM_1423(grdD)
CBLCLK_0701(grdA) CLK_0702 CLK_0703(grdC) CLK_0704(grdD)
CBBCLD_3303(grdD) CLD_3304(grdC) CLD_3305(grdA) CLD_3306
CBICLJ_B1306(grdC) CLJ_B1307(grdD)
CBFCLI_1346(grdA) CLI_1347(grdC) CLI_1348(grdD)
CBMCBF_1319(grdA) CBF_1320(grdA) CBF_1321(grdC) CBF_1322(grdD)
CBJH04402_01334 H04402_01335 H04402_01336 H04402_01337
CLJCLJU_c27290 CLJU_c27300 CLJU_c27310 CLJU_c27350 CLJU_c27360 CLJU_c27770 CLJU_c27780 CLJU_c27790 CLJU_c27830 CLJU_c27840
CSQCSCA_2010 CSCA_2011 CSCA_2012 CSCA_2013 CSCA_2017 CSCA_2018 CSCA_2027 CSCA_2028 CSCA_2029 CSCA_2030 CSCA_2035 CSCA_2036 CSCA_3832 CSCA_3833 CSCA_3836 CSCA_3837
CLDCLSPO_c12690(grdA) CLSPO_c12700(grdC) CLSPO_c12710(grdD) CLSPO_c14800(grdI) CLSPO_c14810(grdH)
CACECACET_c07270(grdA1) CACET_c07280(grdC1) CACET_c07290(grdD1) CACET_c07300(grdI) CACET_c07310(grdH) CACET_c12290(grdA2) CACET_c12310(grdC2) CACET_c12320(grdD2)
CCKCcar_04460 Ccar_04465 Ccar_04490 Ccar_04495 Ccar_04500 Ccar_04505 Ccar_04540 Ccar_04545 Ccar_04565 Ccar_04570 Ccar_04575 Ccar_04580 Ccar_22160 Ccar_22165 Ccar_22180 Ccar_22185
CFMBJL90_09785 BJL90_09790 BJL90_09795 BJL90_09800 BJL90_09805 BJL90_09810 BJL90_19740 BJL90_19745 BJL90_19760 BJL90_19765
CARGRSJ17_02990 RSJ17_02995 RSJ17_15270 RSJ17_15275
CDRKB9W14_00365 B9W14_00375 B9W14_00380 B9W14_09375 B9W14_09380 B9W14_09400 B9W14_09405 B9W14_09410 B9W14_09465 B9W14_09470 B9W14_09485 B9W14_09490 B9W14_09495
CFERD4Z93_12125 D4Z93_12130 D4Z93_12140
CCAAKQH81_04745 KQH81_04760 KQH81_10280 KQH81_10285
CTAGLL095_19060 LL095_19075
HHWNCTC503_00668(grdA) NCTC503_00669(grdA1) NCTC503_00673(grdC) NCTC503_00674(grdD)
CALEFDN13_13565 FDN13_13575 FDN13_13580
CALDPWK10_04535(grdA)
CRSFQB35_05400 FQB35_05410 FQB35_05415
CPRFK7H06_10605 K7H06_10610 K7H06_10620 K7H06_10870 K7H06_10875 K7H06_10880 K7H06_10900 K7H06_10905
CRASKVH43_09675 KVH43_09680 KVH43_09905 KVH43_09915 KVH43_09920
OCWOW730_08590(grdA) OW730_08605(grdD) OW730_13655
PROQP6M73_01355(grdA) P6M73_01365(grdC) P6M73_01370(grdD) P6M73_12820(grdA)
VCOPMM50RIKEN_00180(grdA) MM50RIKEN_00200(grdD)
STHSTH2865 STH2869
SALQSYNTR_1292 SYNTR_1293 SYNTR_1295
DORDesor_1546 Desor_1547 Desor_1548 Desor_2136 Desor_2137 Desor_2138 Desor_2140 Desor_2141 Desor_2760 Desor_2761 Desor_2762 Desor_2763
FWADCMF_22805 DCMF_22810 DCMF_22840 DCMF_22845 DCMF_22850 DCMF_22855 DCMF_23380 DCMF_23385 DCMF_23390 DCMF_23705 DCMF_23710 DCMF_23715 DCMF_23720 DCMF_25600 DCMF_25605 DCMF_25625 DCMF_25630 DCMF_25635 DCMF_25640
ACAEHYG86_10745 HYG86_10755 HYG86_10760
FMSM1R53_04475(grdD) M1R53_04490(grdA)
PROMQO263_09355(grdA) QO263_09365(grdC) QO263_09370(grdD)
BPRMCL3_17650 CL3_17660 CL3_17670
CCOMI6K69_02915 I6K69_02920 I6K69_02925
LACYA4V08_08170 A4V08_16410 A4V08_16415 A4V08_16420 A4V08_20535 A4V08_20540
CSCIHDCHBGLK_02787(grdA) HDCHBGLK_02788(grdA1) HDCHBGLK_02789(grdC) HDCHBGLK_02790(grdD)
CHYLCE91St63_14060(grdA) CE91St63_14080(grdD)
CSOCLS_08910 CLS_08920 CLS_08930 CLS_08940
LXAOW255_13290(grdH) OW255_13295 OW255_13305(grdD) OW255_13315(grdA)
CBOLCGC65_00225 CGC65_00230 CGC65_00235 CGC65_12375 CGC65_12380 CGC65_20780 CGC65_27500 CGC65_27505
CASPNQ535_21090(grdA)
DLOK5I24_05100(grdD) K5I24_05110(grdA)
DFMNQ560_09110(grdD) NQ560_09120(grdA) NQ560_09795 NQ560_09825(grdD) NQ560_09835(grdA)
SINTK5I26_04755 K5I26_11325(grdA) K5I26_11335(grdD)
CBILEUBC25_02010(grdD) EUBC25_02020(grdC) EUBC25_02030(grdA1)
AMTAmet_3589 Amet_3590 Amet_3592
AOEClos_0957 Clos_0959 Clos_0960
GFEGferi_24390 Gferi_24395 Gferi_24410 Gferi_24415
CSPOQNI18_06925(grdA) QNI18_06930(grdC) QNI18_06935(grdD) QNI18_06955 QNI18_06960(grdH) QNI18_11830(grdD) QNI18_11835(grdC) QNI18_11845(grdA)
PBIFKXZ80_10070 KXZ80_10075 KXZ80_12170 KXZ80_12175 KXZ80_12185
PSORRSJ16_11925 RSJ16_11930 RSJ16_14075 RSJ16_14080
CDFCD630_23480(grdD) CD630_23490(grdC) CD630_23520(grdA)
PDCCDIF630_02587(grdD) CDIF630_02588(grdC) CDIF630_02592(grdA)
CDCCD196_2191(grdD) CD196_2192(grdC)
CDLCDR20291_2237(grdD) CDR20291_2238(grdC) CDR20291_2240(grdA)
PDFCD630DERM_23480(grdD) CD630DERM_23490(grdC) CD630DERM_23520(grdA)
PHXKGNDJEFE_01774(grdD) KGNDJEFE_01775(grdC) KGNDJEFE_01778(grdA1_1) KGNDJEFE_01779(grdA1_2)
TEMJW646_05530 JW646_05560
TGCL0P85_02805(grdA) L0P85_02835(grdA) L0P85_02845(grdD) L0P85_05775(grdA)
TMYTEMA_37480(grdA_1) TEMA_37580(grdA_2) TEMA_37600
TPETTPHSE_07550(grdA_1) TPHSE_07630(grdA_2) TPHSE_07650
TEBT8CH_0584 T8CH_3298(grdD) T8CH_3299(grdC) T8CH_3300 T8CH_3305(grdI)
THYRP4S50_14275(grdA) P4S50_19675 P4S50_19690(grdA) P4S50_19695(grdC) P4S50_19700(grdD)
PEBO0R46_07975(grdD) O0R46_07980(grdC) O0R46_07990(grdA)
PBQC3V37_00605 C3V37_00615 C3V37_00620
EACEAL2_808p07350(grdA4) EAL2_c02900(grdI) EAL2_c02910(grdH) EAL2_c02950(grdC2) EAL2_c02960(grdD2) EAL2_c08740(grdA2) EAL2_c16950(grdD) EAL2_c16960(grdC) EAL2_c16970(grdA1) EAL2_c17010(grdA3)
CSTCLOST_1056(grdI) CLOST_1057(grdH) CLOST_1112(grdA) CLOST_1115(grdC) CLOST_1116(grdD)
TTETTE1874(PlsX2) TTE1875(FabH4)
CHYCHY_2392(grdA) CHY_2394(grdC) CHY_2395(grdD)
GEKkuro4_05810 kuro4_05840(grdD)
BACGD2962_04095 D2962_04105 D2962_04110
TOCToce_1615 Toce_1616 Toce_1619 Toce_1620
NTHNther_0473 Nther_0475 Nther_0476
HPKHprae_0133 Hprae_0134 Hprae_0135 Hprae_0136 Hprae_0142 Hprae_0143 Hprae_0451 Hprae_0452 Hprae_0456 Hprae_0457
HALSD7D81_09085 D7D81_09090 D7D81_09095 D7D81_09120 D7D81_09125
AARAcear_1060 Acear_1063 Acear_1064 Acear_2268 Acear_2269 Acear_2273 Acear_2274 Acear_2275 Acear_2278 Acear_2279 Acear_2280
HHLHalha_2193 Halha_2194 Halha_2198 Halha_2199
AFTBBF96_05405 BBF96_05410 BBF96_05425 BBF96_05430
KMEH0A61_00414(grdD) H0A61_00415(grdC) H0A61_00416(grdA_1) H0A61_00417(grdA_2) H0A61_00873(grdA1_1) H0A61_00874(grdA1_2)
HPRFHLPR_10550(grdA) HLPR_10570(grdC) HLPR_10580(grdD)
FMAFMG_0424 FMG_0425 FMG_0428 FMG_0429 FMG_0435 FMG_0436 FMG_1471 FMG_1472
PMICNW74_03530 NW74_03535 NW74_03550 NW74_03555 NW74_06420 NW74_06425
MHAPJFY71_03895 JFY71_03905 JFY71_03910
SPOAEQM13_13045 EQM13_13050 EQM13_13060
KPARJL105_02705 JL105_02710 JL105_02725 JL105_02730
CAZOG3A45_03290 G3A45_03295 G3A45_03305
TISP3962_06585(grdD) P3962_06600(grdA)
TIZRBU61_03745(grdA) RBU61_03755(grdC) RBU61_03760(grdD) RBU61_04830(grdA)
SEDZJYG23_01820 JYG23_01825 JYG23_01830 JYG23_08435 JYG23_08440
SEDMRBQ61_01245(grdD) RBQ61_01290 RBQ61_12165(grdD) RBQ61_12170(grdC) RBQ61_12175(grdA) RBQ61_14825
ECOUM1R54_01315(grdD) M1R54_01330(grdA)
SSPHSPSPH_009050(grdA_1) SPSPH_009110(grdA_3) SPSPH_009130(grdC_1) SPSPH_009140(grdD_1) SPSPH_009160(grdI) SPSPH_009170(grdH_1) SPSPH_009310(grdA_5) SPSPH_009330(grdC_2) SPSPH_009340(grdD_2)
SOVASOV_46470(grdH) SOV_46490(grdI) SOV_46510(grdD_1) SOV_46520(grdC_1) SOV_46530(grdA_1) SOV_46610(grdA1_1) SOV_46640(grdD_2) SOV_46650(grdC_2) SOV_46660(grdA1_2)
SSIDSPSIL_045170(grdD) SPSIL_045180(grdC) SPSIL_045190(grdA)
CALKHUE98_12930 HUE98_12940
ETTAZF37_06570
TIOINP52_07360 INP52_07370 INP52_07390
SHIShel_25180 Shel_25190 Shel_25200 Shel_25400 Shel_25410
PAUTPdca_16380 Pdca_16400(grdA)
PLONPla110_06720
TDETDE_0239(grdD) TDE_0240(grdC) TDE_0745(grdA)
TPEDTPE_0062 TPE_0063 TPE_0348(grdC) TPE_0349(grdD) TPE_1229(grdA) TPE_1230
TPKJO40_04350 JO40_04355 JO40_06615 JO40_06620
TRMJO41_00635 JO41_00640 JO41_03205 JO41_03210
TRZGWP43_02750 GWP43_02755 GWP43_05680
TMEDDWB79_06310 DWB79_06315 DWB79_10750
TRPABH09_02690 ABH09_02695 ABH09_05400
BRMBmur_2723 Bmur_2724 Bmur_2727 Bmur_2728
BPOBP951000_1855(grdA) BP951000_1857(grdC) BP951000_1858(grdC)
BPJB2904_orf2053 B2904_orf2054 B2904_orf668(grdD) B2904_orf669(grdA) B2904_orf672(grdC) B2904_orf673(grdC)
BPIPBPP43_05895
BPWWESB_0749(grdE1) WESB_0750(grdA) WESB_0753 WESB_0754
LEOAMK43_03540 AMK43_03545 AMK43_09725 AMK43_09730 AMK43_09745 AMK43_09750
LGOJCM16774_0829 JCM16774_0830 JCM16774_0833(grdC) JCM16774_0834(grdD) JCM16774_0842 JCM16774_0843
TAITaci_1134 Taci_1135 Taci_1137
CPORBED41_11205 BED41_11210 BED41_11305 BED41_11310 BED41_12425 BED41_12430 BED41_12490 BED41_12495
ACOAmico_1391 Amico_1392 Amico_1395 Amico_1396
AMIZRBH88_02885(grdA) RBH88_02895(grdC) RBH88_02900(grdD) RBH88_08660(grdA) RBH88_08665 RBH88_08670
SBRSY1_16370
TLITlie_1285 Tlie_1286 Tlie_1288 Tlie_1289 Tlie_1457 Tlie_1459 Tlie_1460 Tlie_1461
AMOAnamo_0398 Anamo_0399 Anamo_0401 Anamo_0402 Anamo_1045 Anamo_1046 Anamo_1047 Anamo_1048
PPIOCE91St28_02800 CE91St28_12780(grdH) CE91St28_15990 CE91St28_16000
PYYRAH42_01950(grdA) RAH42_05375(grdC) RAH42_05380(grdD) RAH42_09985
ARAMKAR29_00765 KAR29_04190
CPOCOPRO5265_0222 COPRO5265_0223 COPRO5265_0227 COPRO5265_0228
BARCAOA65_0941 AOA65_0944(grdA)
 » show all
Reference
1  [PMID:10091582]
  Authors
Wagner M, Sonntag D, Grimm R, Pich A, Eckerskorn C, Sohling B, Andreesen JR
  Title
Substrate-specific selenoprotein B of glycine reductase from Eubacterium acidaminophilum. Biochemical and molecular analysis.
  Journal
Eur J Biochem 260:38-49 (1999)
DOI:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00107.x
  Sequence
Reference
2  [PMID:11422384]
  Authors
Bednarski B, Andreesen JR, Pich A.
  Title
In vitro processing of the proproteins GrdE of protein B of glycine reductase and PrdA of D-proline reductase from Clostridium sticklandii: formation of a pyruvoyl group from a cysteine residue.
  Journal
Eur J Biochem 268:3538-44 (2001)
DOI:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.02257.x
Other DBs
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 1.21.4.4
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature: 1.21.4.4
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 1.21.4.4
BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: 1.21.4.4
CAS: 125752-87-6
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