Entry
Name
retinoid isomerohydrolase;
all-trans-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase (ambiguous);
retinol isomerase (ambiguous);
all-trans-retinol isomerase:hydrolase (ambiguous);
all-trans-retinylester 11-cis isomerohydrolase;
RPE65 (gene name)
Class
Hydrolases;
Acting on ester bonds;
Carboxylic-ester hydrolases
BRITE hierarchy
Sysname
all-trans-retinyl ester acylhydrolase, 11-cis retinol-forming
Reaction(IUBMB)
an all-trans-retinyl ester + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + a fatty acid [RN:
R08388 ]
Reaction(KEGG)
Substrate
Product
Comment
This enzyme, which operates in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), catalyses the cleavage and isomerization of all-trans-retinyl fatty acid esters to 11-cis-retinol, a key step in the regeneration of the visual chromophore in the vertebrate visual cycle [4]. Interaction of the enzyme with the membrane is critical for its enzymic activity [6].
History
EC 3.1.1.64 created 1989 (EC 5.2.1.7 created 1989, incorporated 2011), modified 2011
Pathway
Orthology
K11158 retinoid isomerohydrolase / lutein isomerase
Genes
XLA : 379961(rpe65.S) 447613(rpe65.L)
DRE : 100004076(rpe65c) 393724(rpe65a)
SRX : 107705134 107708597 107743896 107752442
SANH : 107657893 107693590 107700531
SGH : 107549757 107562849 107599830(rpe65) 107600304
CCAR : 109054720 109054721 109058080 109106900
CAUA : 113046454 113069845 113107075
CGIB : 127951348 127964249 128018068
PTET : 122351041 122357548(rpe65a)
LROH : 127169921(rpe65c) 127183024(rpe65a)
OMC : 131527276(rpe65a) 131545344
PPRM : 120461548(rpe65a) 120473993 120481924
RKG : 130091596 130100114(rpe65a)
MAMB : 125251988(rpe65a) 125279955
CIDE : 127506450 127517170
CERY : 137003303(rpe65a) 137026297
MASI : 127424183 127440766
TROS : 130554641(rpe65a) 130567812
TDW : 130418097(rpe65a) 130440191
MANU : 129413845 129441437(rpe65a)
AMEX : 103023405(rpe65a) 125806042
CMAO : 118812952 118826161(rpe65a)
EEE : 113581111(rpe65) 113589215
CHAR : 105894984 105898922(rpe65a)
TRU : 101062285 101065379(rpe65)
TFS : 130528909 130538854(rpe65a)
TNG : GSTEN00016195G001 GSTEN00023173G001
LCO : 104935905(rpe65) 104936272
TBEN : 117488911(rpe65a) 117495541
CGOB : 115006939 115022075(rpe65)
PGEO : 117445814 117462834(rpe65a)
GACU : 117558429(rpe65a) 117560449(rpe65c)
EMAC : 134866364(rpe65a) 134869075(rpe65c)
ELY : 117253333 117271695(rpe65a)
EFO : 125895624 125902002(rpe65a)
PLEP : 121937702 121951236(rpe65a)
SLUC : 116038155 116046008(rpe65a)
ECRA : 117950031 117954781(rpe65a)
PFLV : 114561069 114564889(rpe65)
GAT : 120816104(rpe65a) 120823503
PPUG : 119206198(rpe65a) 119217183
AFB : 129089079(rpe65a) 129095162
CLUM : 117729342 117746744(rpe65a)
PSWI : 130194209 130197636(rpe65a)
MSAM : 119900319 119902021(rpe65a)
SCHU : 122877807 122887382(rpe65a)
CUD : 121512430 121520043(rpe65a)
ALAT : 119011324(rpe65a) 119028714
ASTR : 137598723 137612707(rpe65a)
OAU : 116315493 116318669(rpe65a)
OLA : 101163729 101172024(rpe65)
OML : 112147229(rpe65a) 112150125
CSAI : 133452787(rpe65a) 133457852
XMA : 102217285(rpe65) 102231785
XHE : 116722033 116726470 116730884
PRET : 103463130 103479670 103479672
PFOR : 103131468 103135788(rpe65)
PLAI : 106951621(rpe65) 106964853
PMEI : 106930879(rpe65) 106932818
GAF : 122839182 122841139(rpe65a)
PPRL : 129361794(rpe65a) 129373830
CVG : 107090023(rpe65) 107101167
CTUL : 119789901 119795652(rpe65a)
GMU : 124870182(rpe65a) 124873461
NFU : 107383888(rpe65) 107393007
KMR : 108241705(rpe65a) 108249795
ALIM : 106531270 106533754
NWH : 119414550(rpe65a) 119430516
AOCE : 111577418(rpe65) 111583702
MCEP : 125009440 125010667(rpe65a)
CSEM : 103396306 103399738
POV : 109640235 109641398(rpe65)
SSEN : 122758609 122780954
HHIP : 117760857 117778748(rpe65a)
HSP : 118118098(rpe65a) 118121062
PPLT : 128448550 128454881(rpe65a)
SMAU : 118311257(rpe65a) 118318305
LCF : 108879593 108883387(rpe65a)
SDU : 111223483 111231109(rpe65)
SLAL : 111653254(rpe65) 111671744
XGL : 120790833 120798784(rpe65a)
HCQ : 109521243(rpe65) 109525455
SSCV : 125976127 125985297
SBIA : 133503595 133510995(rpe65a)
PEE : 133406167 133412052(rpe65a)
PTAO : 133480941 133489392(rpe65a)
BPEC : 110159583 110172291
MALB : 109952235 109957756
BSPL : 114844894(rpe65a) 114853594
SASA : 106569137 106584339 106613887
STRU : 115157162 115158369 115192515
OTW : 112244994 112250987 112260591
OMY : 110521549 110524415 110530459(rpe65a)
OGO : 123996963 124009989 124037071
ONE : 115108415 115114543 115145473
OKI : 109874676 109882208 109902606
OKE : 118359148 118390921 118401672
SALP : 111956276 111971359 111975570
SNH : 120051829 120055213 120055319
CCLU : 121532692 121534650 121539895
ELS : 105011682(rpe65) 105019406
SFM : 108919070(rpe65) 108935006
AANG : 118225022 118228866
» show all
Taxonomy
Reference
Authors
Blaner WS, Das SR, Gouras P, Flood MT.
Title
Hydrolysis of 11-cis- and all-trans-retinyl palmitate by homogenates of human retinal epithelial cells.
Journal
J Biol Chem 262:53-8 (1987)
Reference
Authors
Bernstein PS, Law WC, Rando RR.
Title
Isomerization of all-trans-retinoids to 11-cis-retinoids in vitro.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bridges CD, Alvarez RA.
Title
The visual cycle operates via an isomerase acting on all-trans retinol in the pigment epithelium.
Journal
Sequence
Reference
Authors
Moiseyev G, Chen Y, Takahashi Y, Wu BX, Ma JX.
Title
RPE65 is the isomerohydrolase in the retinoid visual cycle.
Journal
Sequence
Reference
Authors
Nikolaeva O, Takahashi Y, Moiseyev G, Ma JX
Title
Purified RPE65 shows isomerohydrolase activity after reassociation with a phospholipid membrane.
Journal
Sequence
Reference
Authors
Golczak M, Kiser PD, Lodowski DT, Maeda A, Palczewski K
Title
Importance of membrane structural integrity for RPE65 retinoid isomerization activity.
Journal
Sequence
Other DBs
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 3.1.1.64
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 3.1.1.64
LinkDB
All DBs